scholarly journals Trajectory of Post-traumatic Stress and Depression among Children and Adolescents Following Single-incident trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Zhang ◽  
Richard Meiser-Stedman ◽  
Bobby Jones ◽  
Patrick Smith ◽  
Tim Dalgleish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Developmental Courses ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Symptom Trajectories ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
High Level

Objective: PTSD-depression has high comorbidity and understanding their relationship is of clinical and theoretical importance. A comprehensive way to understand posttrauma psychopathology is through symptom trajectories. The study aimed to look at the developmental courses of PTSD and depression symptoms in the initial months posttrauma, and their interrelationship in children and adolescents by utilizing advanced group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM). Methods: Two-hundred-and-seventeen children and adolescents aged between eight and 17 exposed to single-event trauma were included in the study. Their PTSD and depression symptoms were measured at two weeks, two months and nine months, with further psychological variables measures at the two-week assessment. Results: The GBTM modeling yielded a three-group model for PTSD and a three-group model for depression. All participants’ PTSD symptoms reduced to non-clinical level by nine months: participants were observed to be resilient (42.4%) or to be able to recover within two months (35.6%), while 21.9% experienced high level PTSD symptoms but recovered in nine months time. The depression trajectories described a chronic non-recovery depression group (20.1%) and two mild symptom groups (45.9%, 34.0%). Further analysis showed high synchronicity between PTSS and depression groups but predictor analysis revealed disparate predictors. Perievent panic (CPP), appraisal (CPTCI), rumination and thought suppression at week two predicted slow recovery from PTSS, while pre-trauma wellbeing (CPAS), post-trauma anxiety (SCAS) and appraisal (CPTCI) predicted chronic depression. Conclusions: Posttrauma depression was more persisting than PTSD symptoms at nine months in the sampled population. Cognitive appraisal may be central to explaining PTSD-depression comorbidity.

Coping with the Stress of Immigration among New Immigrants to Israel from Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Who Were Exposed to Chernobyl: The Effect of Age

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cwikel ◽  
U. Rozovski
Keyword(s):  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
Older Immigrants ◽  
Plant Site ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Effect Of Age

This study examined the differential effect of age on coping and psychological measures among immigrants from Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) to Israel. Some of these immigrants originated in the Republics adjacent to the Chernobyl Power Plant, site of the 1986 accident. The sample consisted of 708 immigrants who were interviewed between the years 1993–1995 with an average age of 47.5 ( sd 11.8). This sample was reinterviewed approximately a year and three months later ( n = 520). The sample included two exposure groups—high exposed and low exposed based on the estimated levels of ground cesium contamination from the IAEA maps and a comparison group matched by age, gender, and year of immigration. Those over the age of sixty-five were disadvantaged, compared to those aged fifty to sixty-four, and younger, when it came to the tasks of immigrant absorption; learning the language, working and acquiring an income, and establishing alternative social networks which could offer support in times of illness. The psychological variables showed that over time, somatization, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms related to Chernobyl improved, however at a much slower pace for older immigrants (aged 55 and over) compared to younger ones.

scholarly journals Changes Over Time in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Children Who Survived the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Predictive Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Chow Lam ◽  
Hong Deng ◽  
Kam Ying Ko
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Changes Over Time

Background: This study examines changes over time in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children who survived the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the relevant predictive variables.Methods: A total of 203 children and adolescents were investigated 24 months after the earthquake, and 151 children and adolescents completed the 1-year follow-up study. Participants completed the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictors of changes in PTSD severity.Results: Eighty percent of the children still had some PTSD symptoms 2 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, and 66.25% of the children had symptoms that lasted 3 years. In the model predicting PTSD symptom severity, the loss of family members and child burial explained a significant 21.9% of the variance, and depression explained a significant 16.7% of the variance. In the model predicting changes in PTSD severity, the change scores for resilience and depression explained a significant 18.7% of the variance, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) explained a significant 33.6% of the variance.Conclusions: PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents can persist for many years after trauma. In addition to using psychological interventions to improve PTSD symptoms, improvements in depression and resilience should also be considered.

scholarly journals Development of Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness in Relation to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Trajectories After Military Deployment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 247054701880351
Author(s):  
Alieke Reijnen ◽  
Elbert Geuze ◽  
Rosalie Gorter ◽  
Eric Vermetten
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Trajectories ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Over Time

Background Personality traits, such as the character traits self-directedness and cooperativeness, might play a role in the risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after deployment to a combat zone. However, it is unclear whether these traits are preexisting risk factors or if event-related changes might also be associated with PTSD symptoms over time. Therefore, the current aim was to assess if military deployment is associated with changes in cooperativeness and self-directedness and to study how these traits are related to PTSD symptom trajectories. Methods In a large cohort of military personnel (N = 1007), measurements were performed before, at one and six months, and two and five years after deployment to Afghanistan. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the individual change in the traits over time and to study the relation with potential predictors. Results Cooperativeness was found to remain stable, whereas self-directedness was found to slightly decrease over time. This decrease was related to the development of PTSD symptoms over time. Furthermore, lower levels of self-directedness were associated with the symptomatic trajectories of PTSD symptoms. Lower levels of cooperativeness were only associated with the recovered PTSD trajectory. Conclusions So, not only do the findings confirm that lower levels of these character traits are associated with the development of PTSD symptoms, it was also shown that there are differences in the relation between these traits and the course of PTSD symptoms. Studying methods to promote the levels of these character traits might help to improve the resiliency of military personnel.

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Stress Reactions in Caregivers of Children and Adolescents/Young Adults with Severe Diseases: A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Claudia Carmassi ◽  
Valerio Dell’Oste ◽  
Claudia Foghi ◽  
Carlo Antonio Bertelloni ◽  
Eugenia Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Severe illnesses in children and adolescents/young adults (AYAs) may represent a complex burden for patients and their caregivers, including a wide range of mental disorders, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Few events are as potentially traumatizing as having a son or a daughter diagnosed with a severe, life-threatening, or disabling disease. The presence of PTSD symptoms in caregivers may compromise their efficacy as caregivers and negatively affect the child’s well-being. This systematic review aims at outlining potential risk and protective factors for the development of PTSD symptoms in caregivers of children and AYAs affected by severe acute or chronic illnesses. Thirty-one studies on caregivers of children and AYAs affected by severe, acute, or chronic diseases were included. Socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics, illness-related distress, psychiatric symptoms, support, and coping styles were found as potential risk/protective factors across studies. It is crucial to consider risk factors affecting caregivers of severely ill young patients, in order to plan focused interventions aimed at preventing an adverse clinical outcome in caregivers and at enhancing caregivers’ coping skills, in order to ultimately improve their quality of life.

TERAPIA COGNITIVO-COMPORTAMENTAL FOCADA NO TRAUMA PARA CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES VÍTIMAS DE ABUSO SEXUAL: revisão integrativa

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-342
Author(s):  
Gabriela Maffini ◽  
Maristela Jaqueline Reis Peixoto ◽  
Paula Argemi Cassel ◽  
Josiane Lieberknecht Wathier Abaid
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Qualitative Nature ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Positive Results

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been identified in literature as one of the most frequent disorders related to abuse, causing dysphoric symptoms, avoidant behaviors, changes in arousal, reactivity, mood and patient cognitions. For the treatment of this disorder, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies are pointed out as effective psychotherapeutic approaches to reduce symptoms, develop adaptive coping strategies and redefine trauma. For the care of children and adolescents, in turn, the Trauma-Focused CBT (TF-CBT) is used as an intervention model. This study aimed to review the evidence of results of the TF-CBT protocol for children and adolescents victims of sexual trauma. It is an integrative literature review, of a qualitative nature, using LILACS, PePSIC, PsycNet, PubMed and SciELO as databases. The eight studies found suggest that the techniques employed by the TF-CBT protocol, together with the participation of primary caregivers during the therapeutic process, contributed to the positive results of the treatment. It is concluded that this approach has great efficacy for the reduction of PTSD symptoms, as well as for the remission of the disorder.

Longitudinal trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 2885-2896 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fan ◽  
K. Long ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
Y. Zheng ◽  
X. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Trajectories ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundThis study examines the patterns and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom trajectories among adolescent survivors following the Wenchuan earthquake in China.MethodA total of 1573 adolescent survivors were followed up at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-earthquake. Participants completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale (PTSD-SS), Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, Social Support Rate Scale, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Distinct patterns of PTSD symptom trajectories were established through grouping participants based on time-varying changes of developing PTSD (i.e. reaching the clinical cut-off on the PTSD-SS). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine predictors for trajectory membership.ResultsPTSD prevalence rates at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were 21.0, 23.3, 13.5 and 14.7%, respectively. Five PTSD symptom trajectories were observed: resistance (65.3% of the sample), recovery (20.0%), relapsing/remitting (3.3%), delayed dysfunction (4.2%) and chronic dysfunction (7.2%). Female gender and senior grade were related to higher risk of developing PTSD symptoms in at least one time point, whereas being an only child increased the possibility of recovery relative to chronic dysfunction. Family members’ injury/loss and witness of traumatic scenes could also cause PTSD chronicity. More negative life events, less social support, more negative coping and less positive coping were also common predictors for not developing resistance or recovery.ConclusionsAdolescents’ PTSD symptoms showed an anniversary reaction. Although many adolescents remain euthymic or recover over time, some adolescents, especially those with the risk factors noted above, exhibit chronic, delayed or relapsing symptoms. Thus, the need for individualized intervention with these adolescents is indicated.

Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1687-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zhang ◽  
M.-S. Ran ◽  
Y.-H. Li ◽  
G.-J. Ou ◽  
R.-R. Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundThe Wenchuan earthquake was a catastrophic earthquake in China. The aim of this study is to explore longitudinally the rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake, and to identify independent predictors of PTSD.MethodPTSD and depression symptoms among adolescents at 6, 12 and 18 months after the Wenchuan earthquake were investigated using the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Subjects in this study included 548 high school student survivors in a local boarding high school.ResultsThe rates of PTSD symptoms were 9.7%, 1.3% and 1.6% at the 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-ups, respectively. BDI scores were found to be the best predictor of severity of PTSD at 6, 12 and 18 months. Gender was another variable contributing significantly to PTSD at 6 and 12 months after the earthquake. In the 12-month follow-up, home damage was found to be a predictor of severity of PTSD symptoms. Being a child with siblings was found to be a predictor of severity of PTSD symptoms at 12 and 18 months after the earthquake.ConclusionsPTSD symptoms changed gradually at various stages after the earthquake. Depression symptoms were predictive of PTSD symptoms in the 18-month follow-up study. Other predictors of PTSD symptoms included female gender and being a child with siblings. The results of this study may be helpful for further mental health interventions for adolescents after earthquakes.

Life events and post-traumatic stress: the development of a new measure for children and adolescents

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. COSTELLO ◽  
A. ANGOLD ◽  
J. MARCH ◽  
J. FAIRBANK
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Low Magnitude

Background. A new interview measure of life events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been developed for children and adolescents aged 9 through 17, for use in both epidemiological and clinical studies. It includes ‘high magnitude’ events associated with PTSD as well as other ‘low magnitude’ events.Method. The interview is designed as a module of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment, an interviewer-based interview conducted with parent and child separately by trained lay interviewers. The module includes: (1) questions about a wide range of events; (2) a screen for key PTSD symptoms (painful recall, avoidance, hypervigilance); and (3) a detailed interview on all PTSD symptoms, including onset, duration, severity and co-morbidity. A test–retest reliability study was conducted with 58 parents and children, who were interviewed twice by different interviewers.Results. Intraclass correlations were 0·72 (child) and 0·83 (parent) for high magnitude events, and 0·62 (child) and 0·58 (parent) for low magnitude events. Kappa coefficients ranged from high for violence and sexual abuse to low for child reports of serious accidents and natural disasters. The reliability of the PTSD screen symptoms was fair to excellent (κ=0·40–0·79), and reliability of PTSD symptoms in those who passed the screen was excellent (ICC=0·94–0·99). Compared with a general population sample (N=1015), the clinic-referred subjects and their parents were twice as likely to report a traumatic event and, depending on the event, up to 25 times as likely to report symptoms of PTSD.Conclusions. The results support the reliability and discriminant validity of the measure.

Post-traumatic stress symptoms in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7505-7505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Griffith ◽  
Alyssa L. Fenech ◽  
Ashley Nelson ◽  
Joseph A. Greer ◽  
Jennifer S. Temel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Clinically Significant

7505 Background: Patients admitted for HCT, an intensive and potentially curative therapy for hematologic malignancies, experience a prolonged, isolating hospitalization and endure substantial physical and psychological symptom burden. However, data are limited regarding long-term post-traumatic stress (PTSD) in HCT survivors and its risk factors. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis examining longitudinal data from 250 patients who underwent autologous and allogenic HCT. We used the Post-Traumatic Stress Checklist (PTSD-CL) to assess for PTSD symptoms at six months post-HCT. We used the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Bone Marrow Transplant (FACT-BMT), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess quality of life (QOL), depression, and anxiety symptoms at the time of admission for HCT, at week-2 during hospitalization, and at six months post-HCT. We used multivariate regression models to assess factors associated with PTSD symptoms, modeling QOL, depression, and anxiety symptoms separately given their collinearity. Results: The mean age was 56.3 (SD = 13.3). The rate of clinically significant PTSD symptoms at six months post-HCT was 18.9% and these patients experienced hypervigilance (92.3%), avoidance (92.3%), and intrusion (76.9%) symptoms. Among patients without clinically significant PTSD symptoms, 24.5% and 13.7% had clinically significant hypervigilance and avoidance symptoms, respectively. Lower QOL at time of HCT admission (B = -0.04, P = 0.004), and being single (B = -3.35, P = 0.027) were associated with higher PTSD symptoms at six months post-HCT. Higher anxiety at time of HCT admission (B = 1.34, P < 0.001), change in anxiety during HCT hospitalization (B = 0.59, P = 0.006), and being single (B = -3.50, P = 0.017), were associated with higher PTSD symptoms at six months. In a separate model, younger age (B = -0.13, P = 0.017), being single (B = -3.58, P = 0.018), and higher baseline depression symptoms were also associated with higher PTSD symptoms at six months (B = 0.97, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Approximately one fifth of patients undergoing HCT experienced clinically significant PTSD symptoms at six months post-transplant. Patients’ baseline QOL and psychological symptoms emerged as important predictors of their risk for PTSD at six months post-HCT. Thus, interventions to prevent and treat PTSD symptoms in HCT recipients are clearly warranted.

scholarly journals Investigating Sex Differences in Rates and Correlates of Food Addiction Status in Women and Men with PTSD

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1840
Author(s):  
Monika M. Stojek ◽  
Justyna Lipka ◽  
Jessica M. Maples-Keller ◽  
Sheila A. M. Rauch ◽  
Kathryn Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Food addiction (FA) is a dysregulated eating pattern characterized by difficulties in controlling the intake of certain foods. There is an overlap in physical and mental health correlates of FA and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in the rates of positive FA status in individuals with threshold/subthreshold PTSD, and to examine sex differences in the physical and mental health correlates of FA. Methods: Post-9/11 veterans/service members seeking PTSD treatment were recruited. Participants were diagnosed with PTSD via the administration of a clinical interview. FA status was determined using Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale-2, binary sex and body mass index were assessed with demographics questions. Results: Nearly half (43%) of the sample were women. There were no sex differences in the rates of FA, with an overall FA prevalence of 18%. There were no sex differences in FA symptom count in the whole sample (M = 1.63) or those with FA status (M = 6.21). Individuals with FA reported higher frequency of disordered eating, higher severity of PTSD, and depression symptoms. Conclusions: FA should be assessed in tandem with PTSD symptoms, as its prevalence in that sample is higher than in the general population, and it appears to affect both sexes at similar rates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document