scholarly journals A biobehavioural approach to understand how mindfulness-based cognitive 4 therapy reduces dispositional negative self-bias in recurrent depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Kirschner ◽  
Willem Kuyken ◽  
Anke Karl
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Self Bias

Negative self-bias is a detrimental vulnerability factor of recurrent depression. Here we examine the potential of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) to reduce this bias by assessing self-report and psychophysiological responses to a previously validated self-compassion exercise in individuals with recurrent depression. One group (n= 25) received eight sessions of MBCT between two assessments (2.5 – 3 months apart). The second group was an untreated control group (n = 25) tested at similar intervals.Our results indicate that, when the MBCT group engaged in the self-compassion exercise after MBCT, they showed reduced physiological arousal and enhanced parasympathetic activity whereas no changes were observed in the control group. Interestingly, self-reported state self-compassion after the exercise increased in both groups at both timepoints, but only in the MBCT group the overall levels of state and dispositional self-compassion were increased significantly. This suggests that MBCT reduces both strategic (self-report) and automatic (psychophysiological) negative self-bias.

scholarly journals The Feasibility, Effectiveness, and Process of Change of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Adults With ADHD: A Mixed-Method Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 928-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte Janssen ◽  
Alicia M. de Vries ◽  
Sevket Hepark ◽  
Anne E. M. Speckens
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Mindfulness Skills ◽  
Self Compassion

Objective: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a promising psychosocial intervention for adult ADHD. The feasibility and effectiveness of an adapted MBCT program is explored, together with the possible process of change. Method: Mixed-method study with 31 ADHD patients participating in an adapted MBCT program. Self-report questionnaires on ADHD symptoms, executive functioning, mindfulness skills, self-compassion, patient functioning, and health status were administered before and after MBCT. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 patients. Results: A modest drop-out of n = 5 (16%) was found. MBCT resulted in a significant reduction of ADHD symptoms and improvements of executive functioning, self-compassion, and mental health. Qualitative analysis provided insight in facilitators and barriers participants experienced, and their process of change. Conclusion: The adapted MBCT program seemed to be feasible for adults with ADHD and preliminary evidence for the effectiveness is shown. An adequately powered Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is needed to further examine the effectiveness of MBCT for ADHD.

scholarly journals Mindfulness meditation training in an occupational setting: Effects of a 12-weeks mindfulness-based intervention on wellbeing

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Teresa Fazia ◽  
Francesco Bubbico ◽  
Giovanni Berzuini ◽  
Laura Dalla Tezza ◽  
Carolina Cortellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Occupational Setting ◽  
Professional Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are known for their beneficial effects on positive and negative psychological factors. When applied in an occupational context, MBIs might help workers to cope with stress, increase their professional outcomes and wellbeing. OBJECTIVE: In this two-groups pre-post experimental design we tested the effect of our MBI, called Integral Meditation (IM), among the employers of an Italian service company by measuring positive and negative aspects of psychological wellbeing related to mindfulness and workplace functioning through eight self-report questionnaires (CORE-OM, FFMQ, WEMWBS, MAIA, PSS, PANAS, STAI-X1, SCS). METHOD: Forty-two voluntary non-clinical employers of the company, randomly assigned to the experimental or the control group, were analyzed. The experimental group underwent our IM program, which consists of 12 weekly meditation classes given after the afternoon shift, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data was analyzed via linear mixed models. RESULTS: Statistically significant results were obtained for FFMQ observing subscale (β= 0.49, p = 0.014), WEMWBS (β= 5.31, p = 0.02), PSS (β= –3.31, p = 0.03), the whole scale of SCS (β= 0.47, p = 0.01) and self-judgment (β= 0.68, p = 0.003) and isolation (β= –0.66, p = 0.01) SCS subscales. Statistically significant results were also found in four out of eight subscales of MAIA: emotional awareness (β= 1.26, p <  0.001), self-regulation (β= 1.28, p <  0.001), body listening (β= 1.08, p <  0.001) and trusting (β= 1.1, p <  0.001). CONCLUSION: Our intervention has demonstrated to bring beneficial effects in a mindfulness subdomain, in perceived stress, self-compassion, interoception and psychological wellbeing. Based on our results, we conclude that our intervention was effective in increasing the positive aspects of wellbeing and in reducing stress.

scholarly journals Intervensi Berbasis Mindfulness untuk Menurunkan Stres pada Orang Tua

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rahmantika Kurnia Romadhani ◽  
M. Noor Rochman Hadjam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Mindfulness Intervention ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The purpose of this research is to reduce parents’ stress by increasing their mindfulness ability using Mindfulness intervention. Participants in this study consisted of 15 mothers with stress from mild to severe. The design use in this study is quasi experimental design with untreated control group with pretest and postest. The program consists of 8 session intervention. The instruments used in this research are DASS Scale and KIMS scale. Quantitaive analysis was conducted through  statistical test using Mann-Whitney and also qualitative analysist. The result of this study showed that intervention with mindfulness was effective to reduce stress in parents (U=0,000; p<0,001).

scholarly journals Pelatihan “Great Mom Great Children” pada Ibu Muda Jalanan dalam Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1126-1134
Author(s):  
Dessy Pranungsari ◽  
Nissa Tarnoto ◽  
Fatwa Tentama
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design

Anak jalanan perempuan yang memiliki anak di usia muda kurang memiliki pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dalam menstimulasi perkembangan anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan ketrampilan stimulasi perkembangan pada ibu-ibu muda jalanan dengan memberikan perlakuan berupa pelatihan “Great Mom Great Children”. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu merupakan anak jalanan yang tinggal di Yogyakarta, ibu muda yang berusia kurang dari 18 tahun saat memiliki anak, ibu yang memiliki anak atas kehamilan yang tidak dikehendaki, ibu memiliki anak berusia 0-5 tahun (anak usia dini), dan ibu mengasuh anaknya sendiri secara langsung. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan adalah untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan Kuisioner Pra Skrinning Perkembangan (KPSP). Hasil Uji Wilcoxon untuk menguji perbedaan tingkat ketrampilan stimulasi ibu-ibu muda jalanan antara sebelum (pretest) dan sesudah diberi perlakuan (posttest) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan anatara skor pretest dan postest. Hasil Uji Mann Whitney U-test diperoleh hasil rata-rata tingkat ketrampilan stimulasi kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pelatihan “Great Mom Great Children” efektif dalam meningkatkan ketrampilan stimulasi perkembangan anak pada ibu-ibu muda jalanan.

PLACEBO VS NONTREATMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178-1178
Author(s):  
Student
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Nonspecific Effects

We often and wrongly equate the response seen in the placebo arm of a clinical trial with the placebo effect. In order to obtain the true placebo effect, other nonspecific effects can be identified by including an untreated control group in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus anthelmintic resistance in naturally infected sheep from southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
VANDERLEI KLAUCK ◽  
RAFAEL PAZINATO ◽  
LEANDRO S. LOPES ◽  
DIEGO C. CUCCO ◽  
HORACIO L. DE LIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Larval Culture

The anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants is a common problem and concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to verify anthelmintic treatment efficacy in naturally infected sheep. This study was conducted on nine herds that used the same anthelmintic management for over a year. In each farm, the animals were divided into two groups: untreated control group (n = 5) and treated (n = 10) according to the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). The treatment effect was checked based on EPG results and larval culture performed before treatment and 10 days after treatment. Significant differences were not observed (P> 0.05) on EPG results between untreated and treated groups. The coproculture showed that the animals were infected primarily byHaemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp.,Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp. andOesophagostomum spp. In all farms, anthelmintic resistance by genera Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus was found, but this resistance varied greatly between farms.Haemonchus spp. showed resistance to closantel, levamisole, and albendazole. Trichostrongylus spp. was shown to be resistant to closantel, levamisole, and albendazole. The drugs tested showed to be efficient against the genera Teladorsagia,Cooperia, and Oesophagostomum. Based on these results, we conclude that the anthelmintic resistance to the tested drugs is a problem present in the farms evaluated.

scholarly journals Assessment of the insecticidal activity of oral afoxolaner against Phlebotomus perniciosus in dogs

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Nadège Perier ◽  
Wilfried Lebon ◽  
Leon Meyer ◽  
Noua Lekouch ◽  
Nesrine Aouiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Phlebotomus Perniciosus ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Twelve healthy dogs were included in this laboratory efficacy study. Six dogs were randomly allocated based on body weight to an untreated control group and six to an afoxolaner (NexGard®) treated group. In the treatment group, afoxolaner was administered orally on Day 0 in accordance with label instructions. On Days 1, 14 and 28, each dog was exposed to 60 unfed female and 10 male Phlebotomus perniciosus sandflies for 1 h. At the end of each exposure period, sandflies were counted and assessed for viability and feeding status. There was no statistical difference in mortality (0.0–5.4%), nor in feeding proportion (61.6–78%) between the control and the treated groups at all 1-h post-exposure assessments. After collection, live fed and unfed sandflies were kept for viability assessments at 48 and 72 h post-exposure. In the untreated control group, the average percentages of live, fed, female sandflies after exposure, on Days 1, 14 and 28, ranged from 51% to 74% at 48 h and from 46% to 57% at 72 h, demonstrating model robustness over the 28 days of the study. Significantly fewer live fed sandflies were recorded for the afoxolaner treated group (p < 0.01). The insecticidal efficacy was 100%, 95.9% and 75.2% at 48 h post Days 1, 14 and 28 exposures, respectively, and 100%, 100% and 86.3% at 72 h post Days 1, 14, and 28 exposures, respectively. A single administration of oral afoxolaner (NexGard®) to dogs significantly killed P. perniciosus sandflies 48 and 72 h after blood feeding for 1 month.

The predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a biocontrol agent of Eriophyes pyri (Acari: Eriophyidae) on pear

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Praslička ◽  
Janka Schlarmannová ◽  
Barbora Matejovičová ◽  
Ján Tancík
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Other Hand

AbstractThe effectiveness of the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri and of an application of Polysulphide-Ca was compared during 2006–2008. The experiment showed differences in infestation levels of pear leaves caused by Eriophyes pyri. The highest percentage of leaves with symptoms was found in untreated control group (⊘ 20.9%); the lowest percentage was found in plots treated with T. pyri (⊘ 3.7%); and a slightly higher percentage was found in plots treated with Polysulphide-Ca (⊘ 8.6%). During 2006–2008 the percentage of leaves with symptoms was approximately the same only in the untreated control plots (from 20.3% to 21.5%). The percentage of leaves with characteristic symptoms in plots treated with T. pyri decreased from 5.5% in 2006 to 4.3% in 2007, and to 1.3% in 2008. On the other hand, the percentage of leaves with symptoms in plots treated with Polysulphide-Ca increased from 5.5% in 2006 to 8.5% in 2007, and to 11.8% in 2008. The intensity of symptoms on infested leaves was also different depending on treatments and years. The average biological activity was 82.4% in plots receiving releases of T. pyri and 58.8% in plots treated with Polysulphide-Ca.

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