scholarly journals Multinomial Logistic Regression Model of Demographic Predictors and Confounders of Binge Alcohol Use among Adults with Major Depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areen Omary
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk Populations

Identifying sociodemographic populations with a major depressive episode (MDE) who are at increased risk for binge alcohol use (BAU) is critical for developing focused prevention programs to meet the particular needs of each population. Thus, the goal of the current exploratory retrospective study is to examine sex, race, age, education, marital status, and income as risk predictors for BAU among adults with MDE; and if the risk for BAU changes after adjusting for demographic confounders. To achieve the study goal, data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s 2018 National Survey for Drug Use and Health were extracted and analyzed. The unweighted sample included 6,999 adults representing a weighted population size of 33,900,452.122 in the US. Results revealed that age and marital status significantly predicted BAU in the past month among adults with MDE. Adults under the age of 50, with a college degree, never married, divorced/separated, and with a high-middle income level or higher were at higher risk for BAU. The study's clinical implications are that understanding demographics of individuals with MDE at increased risk for BAU can inform improved tailored assessment and treatment of alcohol abuse and MDE among at-risk populations. Future research should consider examining additional potential risk factors for BAU among adults with MDE.

Age and marital status predictors of binge alcohol use among adults with major depressive episode

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areen Omary
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Never Married ◽  
At Risk Populations

Aims: This study aims to examine if age and marital status can predict the risk for binge alcohol use (BAU) among adults with a major depressive episode (MDE). Methods: Data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) 2018 National Survey for Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were analyzed. The unweighted sample included 6,999 adults representing a weighted population size of 33,900,452.122 in the US. Results and Conclusions: The findings of this retrospective research confirmed that age and marital status significantly predicted BAU in the past month among adults with MDE. Adults with MDE at higher risk for BAU were adults under the age of 50, adults who were never married, and adults who were divorced/separated. Special attention must be paid to those in age groups under 50, never married, and have been separated/divorced who are particularly at-risk for future alcohol abuse. Future research should consider examining additional potential confounders for BAU among other at-risk populations.

scholarly journals Income and Marital Status Interact on Obesity Among Black and White Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 155798831982995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caryn N. Bell ◽  
Roland J. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
White Men ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
High Income ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Increased Risk

Racial disparities in obesity among men are accompanied by positive associations between income and obesity among Black men only. Race also moderates the positive association between marital status and obesity. This study sought to determine how race, income, and marital status interact on obesity among men. Using data from the 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, obesity was measured as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 among 6,145 Black and White men. Income was measured by percentage of the federal poverty line and marital status was categorized as currently, formerly, or never married. Using logistic regression and interaction terms, the associations between income and obesity were assessed by race and marital status categories adjusted for covariates. Black compared to White (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.03, 1.38]), currently married compared to never married (OR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.24, 1.69]), and high-income men compared to low income men (OR = 1.26, 95% CI [1.06, 1.50]) had higher odds of obesity. A three-way interaction was significant and analyses identified that income was positively associated with obesity among currently married Black men and never married White men with the highest and lowest probabilities of obesity, respectively. High-income, currently married Black men had higher obesity rates and may be at increased risk for obesity-related morbidities.

First admissions to inpatient care in Ireland for schizophrenia 1971-2004: trends in gender and age

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Hart ◽  
Donna T Doherty ◽  
Dermot Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Admission

AbstractFirst admissions for schizophrenia to inpatient psychiatric services in Ireland are declining. The reason for this decline has been debated and it has been proposed that it could be attributable to either a decline in incidence or to policy changes or to both.Objectives: This study examines the trends in first admission numbers for schizophrenia in Ireland and the influence of gender and marital status on age at first admission over the time period 1971-2004.Method: Data were derived from the National Psychiatric Inpatient Recording System (NPIRS) for the years 1971-2004 inclusive. All first admissions with a diagnosis of schizophrenia during these years were included in the analysis.Results: The results showed a significant decline in the number of first admissions with the number of first admissions for males exceeding those for females. The average age of first admission was higher for females than males (p < 0.001). The average age of first admission showed a decline for males (p < 0.001), but not for females. Marital status was a stronger predictor of age of admission than gender (p < 0.001). Never married persons had a lower age of first admission than those married and the delaying effect of marriage on age at first admission was evident in males and females (p < 0.001).Conclusions: An examination of first admission hospital data confirm male disadvantage in schizophrenia. The study highlighted a number of areas for future research which include examining gender differences in more refined diagnostic sub groups of schizophrenia and the monitoring of first contacts with community-based mental health services.

Explaining Differences in Mental Health Between Married and Cohabiting Individuals

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Marcussen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Status Differences

Research on the relationship between cohabitation and mental health tends to ignore social psychological factors that help explain mental health differences between the married and the unmarried, including coping resources and perceived relationship quality. In this paper I draw on social psychological theory and research to clarify differences in depression and alcohol use between married and cohabiting individuals. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households, I examine the independent and combined influences of socioeconomic status, coping resources, and relationship quality to account for marital status differences in distress. I find that marital status differences in coping resources and relationship quality help explain the gap in depression, but not in alcohol use, between married and cohabiting individuals. I also find that social selection is not responsible for marital status differences in distress. The implications of these findings for future research on cohabitors' mental health are discussed.

scholarly journals Associations of the COVID-19 Pandemic With Social Wellbeing Indicators in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireya Vilar-Compte ◽  
Mauricio Hernandez-F ◽  
Pablo Gaitán-Rossi ◽  
Víctor Pérez ◽  
Graciela Teruel
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Public health measures for COVID-19 containment have implied economic and social life disruptions, which have been particularly deleterious in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) due to high rates of informal employment, overcrowding, and barriers to accessing health services, amongst others social determinants. Mexico, a LMIC, is a country with a high COVID-19 mortality in which there has been a very limited governmental response to help mitigate such COVID-related disruptions. This study analyzes the association of the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis in Mexico with four wellbeing indicators: income, employment, anxiety, and food security. Methods: It uses pooled cross-sectional data (n=5,453) of five monthly nationally representative surveys collected between April and August 2020. Probit models are estimated to assess the association of the pandemic with job loss and anxiety; a multinomial logistic regression is estimated for food security, and an ordinary least squares regression assesses the association between the pandemic and changes in household’s income. Results: Females were significantly associated with worse outcomes for the 4 wellbeing measures with an average reduction of 2.3% in household income compared to pre-COVID-19 levels, an increased probability (6.4 pp) if being in a household that had lost jobs, decreased probability of food security (6.9 pp), and an increased risk of anxiety symptoms (8.5 pp). In addition, those with lower SES and household with children also reported worse outcomes for employment, income and food security. The month variable was also statistically significant in these models suggesting that as more months of the pandemic elapsed the effects persisted. Conclusion: The currents study documents hos the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with different wellbeing indicators in a LMIC. It suggests the urgent need to take actions to support vulnerable groups, particularly women, households with children and those in the lowest SES. If policy actions are not taken, the pandemic will increase social and gender disparities, and will jeopardize childhood development

Impact of marital status on prostate cancer-specific mortality and overall mortality after radical prostatectomy.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Kenneth Gerard Nepple ◽  
Adam Stuart Kibel ◽  
Gurdarshan S Sandhu ◽  
Dorina Kallogjeri ◽  
Seth A. Strope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Medical Comorbidity ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality ◽  
Overall Mortality

73 Background: Analysis from population-based cancer registry data has suggested that being married is associated with improved survival in men with prostate cancer. However, a limitation of such analysis is the inability to control for PSA or medical comorbidity which may differ by marital status. We investigated the association between marital status and both prostate cancer specific mortality (PCSM) and overall mortality (OM) in men treated with radical prostatectomy. Methods: The study population included 3596 men treated with radical prostatectomy at a single institution between 1994 and 2004 and followed for a median of 72 months. Disease specific factors (PSA, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason grade), comorbidity (validated ACE-27 comorbidity index), ethnicity, age, and marital status at time of treatment were retrieved from an institutional cancer registry. Differences between marital status groups were evaluated by Chi square or ANOVA. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of PCSM and OM by marital status. Results: 86.9% of men were married, 5.3% divorced, 2.4% widowed, and 5.5% never married. Marital status was associated with differences in PSA (p<0.01), comorbidity (p=0.04), and age (p<0.01). Married men had the lowest mean PSA at diagnosis and never married men were younger and the most likely to have no known medical comorbidity. A total of 386(11%) men were dead at the end of follow up, but only 55 of them died of prostate cancer. In multivariable analyses (Table), never married men had a significantly increased risk of PCSM and OM compared to married men, whereas no additional risk was observed for divorced or widowed men. Conclusions: Never married men had an increased risk of PCSM and OM. Factors associated with social isolation or unhealthy behaviors may have a detrimental effect on survival after prostatectomy. [Table: see text]

Childlessness, Parenthood, and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina M. Bures ◽  
Tanya Koropeckyj-Cox ◽  
Michael Loree
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
Social Parenthood

Prior research has examined whether parenthood is associated with higher levels of well-being among older adults, but definitions of parental status have varied. The authors examine links between parental status and depressive symptoms among older adults, comparing biological and social definitions of parenthood. The study finds few differences between biological and social parenthood but substantial variation in the relationship between parental status and depressive symptoms by gender and marital status. Biologically and socially childless adults had the lowest predicted levels of depression across all marital status groups. Widowed men averaged higher levels of depression than other men. For women, the highest predicted levels of depressive symptoms were observed among never-married biological parents and formerly married women who had outlived their children. Increased sampling of less common parental subgroups and diverse kinship relations to allow for more precise classifications and the consideration of joint marital—parental statuses in future research.

Abstract P213: Marital status and Risk of type 2 Diabetes in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn C Cornelis ◽  
Maria Glymour ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi ◽  
Stephanie E Chiuve ◽  
Shun-Chiao Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Married Men

Married individuals may enjoy better physical and mental health than their unmarried counterparts. Previous work has suggested that never entering marriage or marital termination by death or divorce increases risk of premature mortality and cardiovascular disease, with more pronounced effects among men. Few studies to date have investigated the role of marital status in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We tested the hypothesis that men who are not married have increased risk of incident T2D in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, an on-going cohort of men. A total of 41,379 men ages 40 to 75 without diabetes at baseline in 1986 were followed until 2008. T2D, marital status and covariates were assessed by questionnaires biennially. New cases of T2D were confirmed by a supplementary questionnaire validated by medical record review. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the effect of time-dependent measures of marital status on incident T2D. Potential confounders and components of the causal pathway were included as time-dependent covariates. During 22 years of follow-up (801,850 person-years), we documented 2952 incident cases of T2D. Strongest associations were evident for widowed men, while associations among men who were either never married or divorced/separated were less consistent. Compared to married men, RRs (95% CIs) of developing T2D for divorced/separated, widowed and never married men were 1.09 (0.94–1.27), 1.29 (1.06–1.57), and 1.17 (0.91–1.52), respectively, after adjusting for age, family history of diabetes and ethnicity. The RR of T2D associated with widowhood was attenuated after adjusting for lifestyle and dietary factors [RR: 1.21 (1.00–1.48)] and no longer significant when further adjusting for BMI [RR: 1.16 (0.95–1.41)]. The opposite trend was observed for divorced/separated men: when adjusting for lifestyle and dietary factors [RR: 1.12 (0.96–1.30)] as well as BMI [1.14 (0.98–1.32)] the RR of T2D increased slightly. Among men who were never married, diet and lifestyle did not alter RR of T2D [1.17 (0.91–1.52)], however, after further adjusting for BMI there was a notable enhanced RR of T2D [1.23 (0.95–1.60)]. When allowing for a 2-year lag period between marital status and disease, RRs of T2D for widowers were augmented and when further adjusting for BMI remained borderline significant [RR: 1.24 (1.00–1.55)]. In conclusion, being widowed is associated with an increased risk of T2D in men and this may be mediated, in part, through unfavorable changes in lifestyle, diet and adiposity. Together with prior work, our findings suggest that widowhood has important implications for metabolic functioning and greater attention to the cardiometabolic health of this population is warranted.

Non-Spousal Support, Marital Status, and Mortality Risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110253
Author(s):  
Adam R. Roth ◽  
Siyun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Spousal Support ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Using Data

Objective To investigate whether the association between non-spousal support and mortality risk differs by marital status. Methods Using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 2460), we estimate a series of logistic regression models to assess how non-spousal support moderates the relationship between marital status and mortality across a 5-year period. Results Never married respondents who had minimal perceived access to non-spousal support had a greater probability of death compared to married respondents with similar levels of non-spousal support. The disparity in mortality risk between these two groups disappeared when non-spousal support was high. Discussion Although family and friends play an important role in mortality risk in later life, these findings suggest that never married older adults exhibit a heightened dependence on support from non-spousal sources. Future research and policies should explore ways in which never married older adults can be integrated into a supportive social environment.

scholarly journals LONELINESS, MARITAL STATUS, AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG OLDER AMERICANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S378-S378
Author(s):  
Jack Lam ◽  
Anthony R Bardo ◽  
Takashi Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Status Data

Abstract Loneliness has been linked to increased risk of mortality and morbidity, and emergent research has identified a negative association between loneliness and cognitive functioning. While the determinants of loneliness are wide in scope, loneliness is closely tied to marital status in later life. At the same time, research has shown that those who are married have lower risk of cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the association between loneliness and cognitive impairment, and examine whether it is moderated by marital status. Data come from 9 waves of the RAND version of the HRS (1998 - 2014). Consistent with previous research, results from random effects logit models showed that loneliness is associated with greater risk of cognitive impairment [Odds-ratio (OR) = 1.41, p &lt; 0.01]. Additionally, those who are widowed (OR = 1.29, p &lt; 0.01), separated/divorced (OR = 1.33, p &lt; 0.01), or never married (OR = 1.70, p &lt; 0.01) are also more likely to have a cognitive impairment, compared to those who are married. However, the association between loneliness and cognitive function was found to only differ among those who are widowed. Contrary to expectations, widows who report feeling lonely are 29% (p &lt; 0.01) less likely to have a cognitive impairment. In sum, while loneliness and marital status are closely linked with one another, they are both independent determinants of cognitive impairment. The distinct theoretical mechanisms linking loneliness and marital status to cognitive function in later life are discussed.

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