First admissions to inpatient care in Ireland for schizophrenia 1971-2004: trends in gender and age

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Hart ◽  
Donna T Doherty ◽  
Dermot Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Admission

AbstractFirst admissions for schizophrenia to inpatient psychiatric services in Ireland are declining. The reason for this decline has been debated and it has been proposed that it could be attributable to either a decline in incidence or to policy changes or to both.Objectives: This study examines the trends in first admission numbers for schizophrenia in Ireland and the influence of gender and marital status on age at first admission over the time period 1971-2004.Method: Data were derived from the National Psychiatric Inpatient Recording System (NPIRS) for the years 1971-2004 inclusive. All first admissions with a diagnosis of schizophrenia during these years were included in the analysis.Results: The results showed a significant decline in the number of first admissions with the number of first admissions for males exceeding those for females. The average age of first admission was higher for females than males (p < 0.001). The average age of first admission showed a decline for males (p < 0.001), but not for females. Marital status was a stronger predictor of age of admission than gender (p < 0.001). Never married persons had a lower age of first admission than those married and the delaying effect of marriage on age at first admission was evident in males and females (p < 0.001).Conclusions: An examination of first admission hospital data confirm male disadvantage in schizophrenia. The study highlighted a number of areas for future research which include examining gender differences in more refined diagnostic sub groups of schizophrenia and the monitoring of first contacts with community-based mental health services.

Age and marital status predictors of binge alcohol use among adults with major depressive episode

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areen Omary
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Never Married ◽  
At Risk Populations

Aims: This study aims to examine if age and marital status can predict the risk for binge alcohol use (BAU) among adults with a major depressive episode (MDE). Methods: Data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) 2018 National Survey for Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were analyzed. The unweighted sample included 6,999 adults representing a weighted population size of 33,900,452.122 in the US. Results and Conclusions: The findings of this retrospective research confirmed that age and marital status significantly predicted BAU in the past month among adults with MDE. Adults with MDE at higher risk for BAU were adults under the age of 50, adults who were never married, and adults who were divorced/separated. Special attention must be paid to those in age groups under 50, never married, and have been separated/divorced who are particularly at-risk for future alcohol abuse. Future research should consider examining additional potential confounders for BAU among other at-risk populations.

scholarly journals Multinomial Logistic Regression Model of Demographic Predictors and Confounders of Binge Alcohol Use among Adults with Major Depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areen Omary
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk Populations

Identifying sociodemographic populations with a major depressive episode (MDE) who are at increased risk for binge alcohol use (BAU) is critical for developing focused prevention programs to meet the particular needs of each population. Thus, the goal of the current exploratory retrospective study is to examine sex, race, age, education, marital status, and income as risk predictors for BAU among adults with MDE; and if the risk for BAU changes after adjusting for demographic confounders. To achieve the study goal, data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s 2018 National Survey for Drug Use and Health were extracted and analyzed. The unweighted sample included 6,999 adults representing a weighted population size of 33,900,452.122 in the US. Results revealed that age and marital status significantly predicted BAU in the past month among adults with MDE. Adults under the age of 50, with a college degree, never married, divorced/separated, and with a high-middle income level or higher were at higher risk for BAU. The study's clinical implications are that understanding demographics of individuals with MDE at increased risk for BAU can inform improved tailored assessment and treatment of alcohol abuse and MDE among at-risk populations. Future research should consider examining additional potential risk factors for BAU among adults with MDE.

Relationships Between Workplace Deviance Interacted With Gender and Marital Status: The Correspondence Analysis Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1494-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Chernyak-Hai ◽  
Se-Kang Kim ◽  
Aharon Tziner
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Workplace Deviance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Deviant Behaviors ◽  
Psychological Stressors ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Societal Expectations

This exploratory study employed correspondence analysis to examine how employees’ gender and marital status might affect levels of interpersonal and organizational deviant workplace behaviors in the workplace. The subjects were 122 employees from a large electricity supplier company in Israel. Four levels of deviant behaviors relating to interpersonal and organizational deviance behaviors were generated according to their “typicality” as follows: (1) “untypical” (z-score less than −1.00), (2) “somewhat untypical” (−1.00–0), (3) “somewhat typical” (0–1.00), and (4) “typical” (larger than 1.00). We assessed the marital status categories by gender: unmarried males and females, divorced males and females, and males and females who were married. Results indicated that married men and divorced women exhibited mostly typical types of deviance. Both married and divorced men reported untypical deviance for both types of deviant behaviors. Married women only reported somewhat untypical deviance for both types of deviant behaviors. Accordingly, we suggest that psychological stressors, as well as cultural and societal expectations, may account for the obtained differences. Yet, future research is needed to shed light on underlying mechanisms.

Childlessness, Parenthood, and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina M. Bures ◽  
Tanya Koropeckyj-Cox ◽  
Michael Loree
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
Social Parenthood

Prior research has examined whether parenthood is associated with higher levels of well-being among older adults, but definitions of parental status have varied. The authors examine links between parental status and depressive symptoms among older adults, comparing biological and social definitions of parenthood. The study finds few differences between biological and social parenthood but substantial variation in the relationship between parental status and depressive symptoms by gender and marital status. Biologically and socially childless adults had the lowest predicted levels of depression across all marital status groups. Widowed men averaged higher levels of depression than other men. For women, the highest predicted levels of depressive symptoms were observed among never-married biological parents and formerly married women who had outlived their children. Increased sampling of less common parental subgroups and diverse kinship relations to allow for more precise classifications and the consideration of joint marital—parental statuses in future research.

scholarly journals Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage from Retrospective Data: A Multiregional Approach

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1633-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Espenshade
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Never Married ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

In this paper the author applies the framework of multiregional population analysis to marital status changes as revealed by longitudinal retrospective data on marital histories collected as part of the June 1975 Current Population Survey supplement. Four marital statuses are used: never married, presently married, divorced, and widowed. Marital status life tables are computed for three periods: 1960–1965, 1965–1970, and 1970–1975, and, for each period, differences between males and females and between whites and blacks are described. We examine the proportion of a life-table cohort ever marrying, the mean age at first marriage, the number of marriages per person marrying, the proportion of marriages ending in divorce, the average duration of a marriage (or a divorce, or a widowhood), and the like.

Information and Support Needs of Parents With Premature Infants: An Integrative Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 105381512095773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Davis-Strauss ◽  
Ensa Johnson ◽  
Welma Lubbe
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Discharge From Hospital

International research, while mostly conducted in high-income countries, repeatedly states that parents of premature infants have increased needs and require additional information and varied support channels after the infant’s initial discharge from hospital. However, the perceived self-reported needs of parents concerned with the caregiving of premature infants during the initial time period at home after discharge are not well known. This integrative review explores all extant literature that embodies self-reported or parent-quoted perceptions, experiences, and parent testimonials related to post-discharge infant caregiving information and support needs published from January 1990 to April 2019. Generated findings from the review that reveal parents, regardless of country, consistently reported unmet information and support needs, coupled with a lack of adequate community-based and health care professional support. Current gaps in literature are identified and recommendations for future research are also addressed.

scholarly journals Changes in mortality inequalities by marital status in Lithuania during 2001-2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sauliune ◽  
O Mesceriakova-Veliuliene ◽  
R Kalediene
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Never Married ◽  
National Mortality ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Inequalities In Mortality

Abstract Introduction Health inequalities have emerged as a big issue of public health in Lithuania. Recent studies have demonstrated increasing mortality differentials between marital status groups, occurring mainly due to a decline in mortality of the married populations. The aim of the study - to determine changes in inequalities in mortality from major causes of death by marital status in Lithuania during 2001-2014. Methods Individual records from population censuses conducted in 2001 and 2011, National Mortality Register (period of 2001-2014), and Population Register (period of 2001-2014) have been linked using personal identification number. Study included those aged 30+. Mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, external causes and digestion system diseases by the marital status (married and unmarried - never married, the widowed and the divorced) were calculated per 100 000 person years and standardized by age. Inequalities in mortality were assessed calculating rate ratio, while trends in it - conducting the Joinpoint regression analysis. Results Mortality from all analyzed causes of death among males and females in 2001 and 2014 was statistically significantly higher in unmarried compared to married. Inequalities in mortality by marital status increased statistically significantly in Lithuania throughout the period of 2001-2014 from cardiovascular diseases, cancer and external causes. The most significant increase in inequalities by 3.3% (p &lt; 0.05) on average per year was estimated from external causes among males. Inequalities in mortality from digestion system diseases did not change significantly throughout the study period. Conclusions Inequalities in mortality by marital status increased significantly in Lithuania throughout the period of 2001-2014 with the most significant increase from external causes. Key messages Mortality from all analyzed causes of death among Lithuanian males and females in 2001 and 2014 was statistically significantly higher in unmarried compared to married. Inequalities in mortality by marital status increased significantly in Lithuania throughout the period of 2001-2014 with the most significant increase from external causes.

Non-Spousal Support, Marital Status, and Mortality Risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110253
Author(s):  
Adam R. Roth ◽  
Siyun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Spousal Support ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Using Data

Objective To investigate whether the association between non-spousal support and mortality risk differs by marital status. Methods Using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 2460), we estimate a series of logistic regression models to assess how non-spousal support moderates the relationship between marital status and mortality across a 5-year period. Results Never married respondents who had minimal perceived access to non-spousal support had a greater probability of death compared to married respondents with similar levels of non-spousal support. The disparity in mortality risk between these two groups disappeared when non-spousal support was high. Discussion Although family and friends play an important role in mortality risk in later life, these findings suggest that never married older adults exhibit a heightened dependence on support from non-spousal sources. Future research and policies should explore ways in which never married older adults can be integrated into a supportive social environment.

Exploring the Relationship between Marital Status and Women's Retirement Satisfaction

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Price ◽  
Eunjee Joo
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Women's Retirement

Increased divorce rates, declining marriage rates, and a predisposition to widowhood in later life all contribute to the heterogeneous marital histories of women approaching retirement. Existing research on retirement, however, has not considered the diversity in marital status that exists among retired women. The purpose of the present study was to explore the influence of marital status (i.e., married, remarried, widowed, divorced/separated, never-married) on women's retirement satisfaction. Using a purposive sampling method, self-administered questionnaires were distributed to retired women. Participants ( N = 331) were asked to report on their retirement satisfaction, psychological well-being, and perceived health. Results revealed retirement satisfaction and perceived health differed by marital status. Psychological well-being, however, did not differ significantly between marital groups. Future research exploring diversity in marital status among retired women is suggested.

Household Charitable Giving at the Intersection of Gender, Marital Status, and Religion

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eagle ◽  
Lisa A. Keister ◽  
Jen’nan Ghazal Read
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Life Study ◽  
American Life ◽  
The Relationship

Past research reveals mixed results regarding the relationship between gender and charitable giving. We show gender plays a significant role in giving but only when considered alongside marital status and religion. Using the 2006 Portraits of American Life Study, we model a household’s propensity to give and the amount given. We extend past research by disaggregating unmarried households to look at divorced, widowed, and never-married households, and by including multiple religion measures. Results indicate households headed by never-married females have lower giving levels compared with those headed by divorced and widowed women. In households headed by single males, these differences are largely absent. Religious attendance has a stronger association with giving in male-headed households. The respondent’s gender is also related to the amount married households report giving to charity. Future research on giving should consider both gender and marital status to more fully capture increasing diversity in American families.

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