scholarly journals Snakes vs. Guns: A Systematic Review of Comparisons Between Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic Threats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Shapouri
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Stimulus Selection ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Illusory Correlation ◽  
Specific Phobias

The potential differences between phylogenetic threats (e.g., snakes) and ontogenetic threats (e.g., guns) can have a wide-ranging impact on a variety of theoretical and practical issues, from etiology of specific phobias to stimulus selection in psychophysiological studies, yet this line of research has not been systematically reviewed. Here, we summarize and synthesize findings from fear conditioning, illusory correlation, attention bias and neuroimaging studies that have compared these two types of threats to human survival. While a few brain imaging studies reveals preliminary evidence for different brain networks involved in the processing of phylogenetic and ontogenetic threats, attention bias studies tentatively show faster reaction time for modern threats, illusory correlation bias is evident for both types of threats, and fear conditioning studies are far from conclusive. The results of behavioral experiments, especially attention bias research, pose a challenge to established theories like biological preparedness and fear module. We discuss the findings in terms of other theories that might explain the same results and conclude with potential future directions.

One-Session Treatment of Specific Phobias in Children: Recent Developments and a Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thompson E. Davis ◽  
Thomas H. Ollendick ◽  
Lars-Göran Öst
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Specific Phobias ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Graduated Exposure

One-Session Treatment is a well-established evidence-based treatment for specific phobias in youths that incorporates reinforcement, cognitive challenges, participant modeling, psychoeducation, and skills training into a single, massed session of graduated exposure. This review begins by briefly examining the phenomenology, etiology, epidemiology, and assessment of specific phobias and then pivots to a description of One-Session Treatment. We examine the use of One-Session Treatment with children and adolescents, briefly discussing its components and application, and subsequently review almost two decades of research supporting its efficacy. Finally, we propose future directions for research and practice.

Association between muscle strength and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago R. de Lima ◽  
Priscila C. Martins ◽  
Giuseppe L. Torre ◽  
Alice Mannocci ◽  
Kelly S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reference List

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize evidence for the association between muscle strength (MS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents. Five databases (Medline/PubMed, EBSCO, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) were searched up to November 2019 with complementary reference list searches. Inclusion criteria were studies that investigated the relationship between MS and MetS or MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents (≤19 years of age). Risk of bias was assessed using standard procedures. From the total of 15,599 articles initially identified, 13 articles were included, representing 11,641 children and adolescents. Higher MS values were associated with lower risk for MetS or combinations of risk factors for MetS (n=11/13 studies). Of the total of included studies, about 23.1% (03/13) were longitudinal and all included studies were classified as having a moderate risk of bias. This review provides preliminary evidence for a beneficial relationship between MS and MetS among children and adolescents. Additionally, although the body of evidence points to the beneficial relationship between higher MS and lower risk for combination of factors for MetS in children and adolescents, this relationship is inconclusive.

scholarly journals Systematic review of research design and reporting of imaging studies applying convolutional neural networks for radiological cancer diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. O’Shea ◽  
Amy Rose Sharkey ◽  
Gary J. R. Cook ◽  
Vicky Goh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Data Partitions

Abstract Objectives To perform a systematic review of design and reporting of imaging studies applying convolutional neural network models for radiological cancer diagnosis. Methods A comprehensive search of PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE and SCOPUS was performed for published studies applying convolutional neural network models to radiological cancer diagnosis from January 1, 2016, to August 1, 2020. Two independent reviewers measured compliance with the Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM). Compliance was defined as the proportion of applicable CLAIM items satisfied. Results One hundred eighty-six of 655 screened studies were included. Many studies did not meet the criteria for current design and reporting guidelines. Twenty-seven percent of studies documented eligibility criteria for their data (50/186, 95% CI 21–34%), 31% reported demographics for their study population (58/186, 95% CI 25–39%) and 49% of studies assessed model performance on test data partitions (91/186, 95% CI 42–57%). Median CLAIM compliance was 0.40 (IQR 0.33–0.49). Compliance correlated positively with publication year (ρ = 0.15, p = .04) and journal H-index (ρ = 0.27, p < .001). Clinical journals demonstrated higher mean compliance than technical journals (0.44 vs. 0.37, p < .001). Conclusions Our findings highlight opportunities for improved design and reporting of convolutional neural network research for radiological cancer diagnosis. Key Points • Imaging studies applying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for cancer diagnosis frequently omit key clinical information including eligibility criteria and population demographics. • Fewer than half of imaging studies assessed model performance on explicitly unobserved test data partitions. • Design and reporting standards have improved in CNN research for radiological cancer diagnosis, though many opportunities remain for further progress.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Behavioral Responses by Stored-Product Arthropods to Individual or Blends of Microbially Produced Volatile Cues

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Marco A. Ponce ◽  
Tania N. Kim ◽  
William R. Morrison III
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Cues ◽  
Neutral Effect

Microbes are ubiquitous and play important ecological roles in a variety of habitats. While research has been largely focused on arthropods and microbes separately in the post-harvest supply chain, less attention has been paid to their interactions with each other. Up to this point, there has been no attempt to systematically describe the patterns of behavioral responses by stored-product insects to microbially produced volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). Thus, our aims were to evaluate whether stored-product arthropods were primarily and significantly attracted, repelled, or had a net neutral effect (e.g., unaffected or mixed) by MVOCs presented as (1) complex headspace blends or (2) single constituents and known mixtures. In total, we found 43 articles that contained 384 sets of tests with different combinations of methodology and/or qualitative findings, describing the behavioral responses of 24 stored-product arthropod species from two classes, four orders, and 14 families to 58 individual microbial compounds and the complex headspace blends from at least 78 microbial taxa. A total of five and four stored-product arthropod species were significantly attracted and repelled by MVOCs across odor sources, respectively, while 13 were unaffected or exhibited mixed effects. We summarize the biases in the literature, including that the majority of tests have occurred in the laboratory with a limited subset of methodology and has largely only assessed the preference of adult arthropods. Finally, we identify foundational hypotheses for the roles that MVOCs play for stored-product arthropods as well as gaps in research and future directions, while highlighting that the behavioral responses to MVOCs are complex, context-, and taxon-dependent, which warrants further investigation.

Prevalence and features of elongated styloid process on imaging studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Nogueira-Reis ◽  
Larissa de Oliveira Reis ◽  
Rocharles Cavalcante Fontenele ◽  
Deborah Queiroz Freitas ◽  
Cinthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process

Value co-creation: a review of literature and future research agenda

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Saha ◽  
Praveen Goyal ◽  
Charles Jebarajakirthy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic review of the available literature on value co-creation (VCC) and provide insightful future directions for research in this domain. Design/methodology/approach The extant literature on VCC has been reviewed by collecting relevant research papers based on certain specified delimiting criteria. A total of 110 research papers have been analysed to gain useful insights into VCC literature. Findings The study analyses the literature on VCC and provides a clear distinction between VCC and its closely related constructs in the literature. The study also draws significant insights from the VCC literature based on some specific parameters. Some frequently used theoretical perspectives have been discussed in the study, thus pointing towards a few alternative theories that can be used for future research. Finally, specific trends emerging from the literature have been discussed that provide a comprehensive understanding of the research inclinations of this concept, along with future scopes of research in the VCC domain. Research limitations/implications The papers were selected for this study based on some delimiting criteria. Thus, the findings cannot be generalised for the entire research on VCC. Originality/value This paper fulfils the need for a systematic review of the extant literature on VCC. The study synthesises literature and bibliography on VCC from 2004 to 2019 to benefit both academics and practitioners and gives some directions to advance this domain of literature.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological effects of acute oxytocin administration: systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled imaging studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. E1-E22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah Wigton ◽  
Jocham Radua ◽  
Paul Allen ◽  
Bruno Averbeck ◽  
Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Imaging Studies
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