Inhibitory control hinders habit change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kata Horváth ◽  
Dezso Nemeth ◽  
Karolina Janacsek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Human Reaction ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Global Environmental

Our habits constantly influence the environment, often in negative ways that amplify global environmental and health risks. Hence, change is urgent. To facilitate habit change, inhibiting unwanted behaviors appears to be a natural human reaction. Here we use a novel experimental design to test how inhibitory control affects two key components of habit change in healthy humans: acquisition of a new habit-like behavior and the simultaneous unlearning of an old one. We found that, while the new behavior was acquired, the old behavior persisted and coexisted with the new. Critically, inhibition hindered both overcoming the old behavior and establishing the new one. Our findings highlight that suppressing unwanted behaviors is not only ineffective but can even further strengthen them. Meanwhile, actively engaging in a preferred behavior appears indispensable for its successful acquisition. Our design could be used to uncover how new approaches affect the cognitive basis of habit change.

scholarly journals УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ ІНФОРМУВАННЯ ПРО РИЗИКИ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВ’Я НАСЕЛЕННЯ ЧЕРЕЗ ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ АТМОСФЕРНОГО ПОВІТРЯ

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Horova ◽  
Yu. V. Buchavyy ◽  
V. Ye. Kolesnyk
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Objective Information ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Risks Assessment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Foreign Scientist ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

Every member of society has the right to adequate and objective information on the relative levels of the health risks caused by the influence of anthropogenic factors on the environment [1]. A lot of works devoted to risks assessment on the certain territory due to the influence of anthropogenic factors are held both Ukrainian and foreign scientist [2-4]. However, the results of their research are usually not available or not enough informative for ordinary citizens. Thus, there is a need for new approaches to informing the public about the risks of pollution.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Effects Due to Physical Exercise in Polluted Air: Evidence from Studies Conducted on Healthy Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2890
Author(s):  
Oscar F. Araneda ◽  
Franz Kosche-Cárcamo ◽  
Humberto Verdugo-Marchese ◽  
Marcelo Tuesta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Rational Practice

Physical inactivity has caused serious effects on the health of the population, having an impact on the quality of life and the cost of healthcare for many countries. This has motivated government and private institutions to promote regular physical activity, which, paradoxically, can involve health risks when it is carried out in areas with poor air quality. This review collects information from studies conducted on healthy humans related to the pulmonary effects caused by the practice of physical activity when there is poor air quality. In addition, several challenges related to the technological and educational areas, as well as to applied and basic research, have been identified to facilitate the rational practice of exercise in poor air quality conditions.

New approaches to global health governance: The evolution to public–private partnerships

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Balcius ◽  
Thomas E Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Health Objectives

Global health issues that transcend geopolitical borders are altering the nature of global health governance. Sovereign nations are more connected than ever and increasingly exposed to trans-border health risks. Traditional global health governance may not account for involvement of multi-level global health actors such as civil-society organizations, private philanthropies and new intergovernmental alliances. In addition, private entities have engaged with governments to form new public–private partnerships to further common global health objectives. As these new partnerships evolve, new approaches to transparent and accountable global health governance are necessary to assure effective, equitable and ethical actions addressing global health challenges.

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN FOSFOR DAN KADMIUM PADA TANAH DAN BERAS SERTA RISIKO KADMIUM BAGI KESEHATAN PENDUDUK DI KELURAHAN TARUS

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yovita Yasintha Bolly
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Soil Available P ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

This research was conducted in Tarus Village, Kupang regency, in May until June 2013, to find out the amount of phosphorus and cadmium content in the soil of rice, and to compare the Cd with a threshold concentration of Standard National Indonesia 7387:2009, as well as to predict the magnitude of the risk to the health. This research is descriptive experimental design with 12 samples of soil and rice. Levels of soil–available P is analyzed using the methods of Olsen, whereas, the levels of Cd from the soil and rice are analyzed in the laboratory with the method of analysis of heavy metals in soils and plants, set by Hall of geochemical soil, the Ministry of agriculture. The results of the analysis of land-available Pranging from low – high, but it is not the only deciding factor the amount of Cd in soil and rice. Laboratory analysis results towards rice Cd, shows there are six samples that undetectable levels of Cd, six other samples detected and then described the risk once compared with the standard quality raw and analysis of health risks. The results of the analysis of the levels of Cd shows all rice samples were still below standard quality raw i.e. 0,4 mg kg-1. Risk analysis indicates that there are two samples of rice produced from the paddy fields are not safe for consumption for the duration of 30 years. While the four other samples were a risk for the duration of the 60 years.

scholarly journals Consumer Valuation of Food Safety: The Case of Postharvest Processed Oysters

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Bruner ◽  
William L. Huth ◽  
David M. McEvoy ◽  
O. Ashton Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Experimental Auction ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Taste Test ◽  
Objective Information ◽  
Consumer Valuation ◽  
Objective Risk

Consumers’ willingness to pay for postharvest-processed (PHP) raw oysters—oysters without health risks—is studied in experimental auction markets. The experimental design decomposes the effects of taste, objective risk information, and information on four PHP technologies on consumer valuations. Results show that relatively uninformed consumers are willing to pay equivalent amounts for PHP and traditional raw oysters. However, after a blind taste test, consumers are willing to pay a significant premium for traditional raw oysters, and the premium persists after objective information on risk and processing technologies is provided. The results are robust across PHP technologies.

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