scholarly journals Making New Year’s Resolutions that Stick: Long-Term Goal Pursuit Motivated by a Combination of Superordinate and Subordinate Goals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Höchli ◽  
Claude Messner ◽  
Adrian Brügger
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Superordinate Goal

BackgroundNew Year’s Eve is a time when people make resolutions, but, more often than not, fail to achieve them. Previous research highlighted the positive effect of subordinate goals in goal pursuit. We argue that combining superordinate and subordinate goals contributes to successful goal pursuit, especially in the long run. We test whether a simultaneous focus on both goal types helps people to keep their resolutions.MethodsUsing a 2x2 between-subjects design, participants (N = 256) formulated a resolution from which they derived either a superordinate (yes/no) or a subordinate goal (yes/no). The control group focused exclusively on a self-set resolution. Main outcome measures were effort in goal pursuit and intentions to further pursue the goal after three months.ResultsFocusing on superordinate and subordinate goals increased the amount of effort invested in goal pursuit. A group difference was found only between the group focusing on both goal types and the group focusing on a superordinate goal. No statement could be made about intentions for further goal pursuit and processes by which goal type affects goal pursuit.ConclusionThe study provides preliminary insights into how combining superordinate and subordinate goals may be a helpful strategy to pursue long-term goals.

PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR SECARA SPASIAL TERHADAP KONVERGENSI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Anisa Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Theory

Motivated by inter-regional disparities condition that occurs persistently, this study examines the Indonesian economy in the long run in order to know whether it tends to converge or diverge. This convergence is based on the Solow Neoclassical growth theory assuming the existence of diminishing returns to capital so that when the developed countries reach steady state conditions, developing countries will continuously grow up to 'catch-up' with developed countries. Based on regional economics perspective, each region can not be treated as a stand-alone unit,therefore, this study also focuses on the influence of spatial dependency and infrastructure. Economical and political situations of a region will influence policy in that region which will also have an impact to the neighboring regions. The estimation results of spatial cross-regressive model using fixed effect method consistently confirmed that the Indonesian economy in the long term will likely converge with a speed of 8.08 percent per year. Other findings are road infrastructure has a positive effect on economic growth and investment and road infrastructure are spatially showed a positive effect on economic growth. In other words, the investment and infrastructure of a region does not only affect the economic growth of that region but also to the economy of the contiguous regions. 

scholarly journals BCI-Based Rehabilitation on the Stroke in Sequela Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yangyang Miao ◽  
Shugeng Chen ◽  
Xinru Zhang ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
Ren Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Average Improvement ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Positive Effect

Background. Stroke is the leading cause of serious and long-term disability worldwide. Survivors may recover some motor functions after rehabilitation therapy. However, many stroke patients missed the best time period for recovery and entered into the sequela stage of chronic stroke. Method. Studies have shown that motor imagery- (MI-) based brain-computer interface (BCI) has a positive effect on poststroke rehabilitation. This study used both virtual limbs and functional electrical stimulation (FES) as feedback to provide patients with a closed-loop sensorimotor integration for motor rehabilitation. An MI-based BCI system acquired, analyzed, and classified motor attempts from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The FES system would be activated if the BCI detected that the user was imagining wrist dorsiflexion on the instructed side of the body. Sixteen stroke patients in the sequela stage were randomly assigned to a BCI group and a control group. All of them participated in rehabilitation training for four weeks and were assessed by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) of motor function. Results. The average improvement score of the BCI group was 3.5, which was higher than that of the control group (0.9). The active EEG patterns of the four patients in the BCI group whose FMA scores increased gradually became centralized and shifted to sensorimotor areas and premotor areas throughout the study. Conclusions. Study results showed evidence that patients in the BCI group achieved larger functional improvements than those in the control group and that the BCI-FES system is effective in restoring motor function to upper extremities in stroke patients. This study provides a more autonomous approach than traditional treatments used in stroke rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Harga Emas Dunia, Harga Minyak Mentah Dunia dan Indeks Produksi Industri Terhadap Indeks Saham di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) Dalam Jangka Panjang dan Jangka Pendek (Periode Januari 2005-Desember 2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Dwi Purnamasari ◽  
Raditya Sukmana
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

This research aims to know the influence of long-term and short-term world gold price, the price of crude oil to the world, and the index of industrial production against the stock index at the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) during the period January to December 2015-2015. The object of this research is the stock index at the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Types of data used are secondary data. This research method using technical analysis with quantitative method of Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). The results showed that significant influence world gold prices in the long term and the short term against a stock index of JII. While the price of crude oil the world significant negative effect on the long run, and a significant positive effect on the short term. The index of industrial production turned out to be only a significant effect in the long term, but not in the short term.

scholarly journals SIX YEARS (1999-2015) OF ESCALATING HOUSE PRICE: CAN FDI BE BLAMED?

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema Izati Zull ◽  
Tajul Ariffin Masron
Keyword(s):  
House Price ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Price ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Liberalization Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

In Malaysia, house price has increased drastically. Problem arises in areas that received relatively lower number of FDI. The house price in these areas accelerated at growth which are somewhat equivalent to areas which benefit from FDI spillover. As the relationship between FDI and locals’ well-being is becoming crucial due to the escalating high price, this paper intends to examine the long-term impact of FDI on house price in Malaysia. Our long-run estimation results showed that FDI inflows have affected house price in Malaysia negatively between the period of 1999 and 2015. The effect however reversed when liberalization policy is included. With the presence of liberalization policy, FDI inflows have actually caused house price in KL and Penang (highly dynamic states) to increase in the long-run. The positive effect of FDI inflows on house price are also found in relatively slow-progressive states like Pahang and Kedah confirming the nationwide effect of liberalization policy regardless of economy level of a state. Other than FDI inflows, this study also examined house supply, gross domestic per capita and interest rate as independent variables.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mind Subtraction Meditation Intervention on Smartphone Addiction and the Psychological Wellbeing among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3263
Author(s):  
Eun-Hi Choi ◽  
Min Young Chun ◽  
Insoo Lee ◽  
Yang-Gyeong Yoo ◽  
Min-Jae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
School Based ◽  
Stress Coping Strategies ◽  
Control Section ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

As the smartphone has become an indispensable device in modern lives, consequential psychosocial problems such as smartphone addiction have been getting attention worldwide, especially regarding adolescents. Based on its positive effect on young individuals’ mental health, mind subtraction meditation has been widely applied to many school-based programs in South Korea. This study aims to identify the effects of a school program based on mind subtraction on the smartphone addiction of adolescents. A total of 49 high school sophomores, 24 from the experimental group (mean age = 16), and 25 from the control group (mean age = 16) are included in this case-control study. The experimental group is given the meditation program sessions in the morning, two times a week for 20 min per session, for a total of 12 weeks. The experimental group shows improvements regarding the ‘smartphone addiction’ section (p < 0.001), for instant satisfaction (p < 0.001) and long-term satisfaction (p < 0.001). Concerning the ‘self-control’ section and decreasing stress (p < 0.001), problem focusing (p < 0.001), and social support navigation (p = 0.018), there are improvements in these ‘stress coping strategies’ sections. This study directly shows the positive effect of mind subtraction meditation on smartphone addiction in adolescents and, thus, provides guidance to the future development of smartphone addiction prevention programs for young individuals.

scholarly journals A twelve-week randomized controlled study of the cognitive-behavioral Integrated Psychological Therapy program: positive effect on the social functioning of schizophrenic patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilene Zimmer ◽  
Adriana Veríssimo Duncan ◽  
Daniela Laitano ◽  
Eloisa Elena Ferreira ◽  
Paulo Belmonte-de-Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Positive Effect

OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of twelve weekly sessions of the cognitive-behavioral program originally known as the Integriertes Psychologisches Therapieprogramm für Schizophrene Patienten, designated the Integrated Psychological Therapy (IPT) program in English, on cognition, social adjustment and quality of life in schizophrenic outpatients, comparing it to the effect of treating such patients as usual. METHOD: Fifty-six adult outpatients (from 18 to 65 years of age) with ICD-10-based diagnoses of schizophrenia were randomly assigned to two different groups: active intervention (IPT group); and treatment as usual (control group). Outcome measures were quality of life (as determined using the WHOQOL-Bref), cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination and Word Recall Test), global functioning (DSM-IV Global Assessment of Functioning Scale), social functioning (Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale) and social adjustment (Social Adjustment Scale). RESULTS: The findings suggest that, in comparison with treatment as usual (control group), the twelve-session IPT program had a positive effect on several outcome measures: cognition in the domains of spatiotemporal orientation (p = 0.051) and memory (p = 0.031); overall social adjustment (p = 0.037), leisure/social life (p = 0.051) and family relations (p = 0.008); overall functioning (p = 0.000); social-occupational functioning (p = 0.000); and quality of life in the psychological domain (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: The twelve-session cognitive-behavioral IPT intervention demonstrated superiority over treatment as usual in its effects on cognition, social adjustment and quality of life. Studies involving larger samples, longer follow-up periods and additional outcome measures are needed in order to assess the specific effects on dimensions of social functioning, cognitive functioning and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia.

Relationship Satisfaction Can Help to Maintain the Positive Effect of Childbirth on Parental Self-Esteem

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062097153
Author(s):  
Mario Wenzel ◽  
Doris Staab ◽  
Zarah Rowland ◽  
Manon A. van Scheppingen
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Positive Effect

The transition to parenthood is accompanied by declined self-esteem levels, which may be explained by parents’ relationship satisfaction. However, prior research examined self-esteem only shortly before and after childbirth and had no or only unmatched childless respondents as a control group, limiting the possibility to examine long-term adaptive processes and the causal interpretation of the associations. Thus, we used panel data (10 years, 4,075 individuals, and 16,122 observations) to compare self-esteem and relationship satisfaction trajectories of parents with matched childless respondents using propensity score matching. We found a quadratic trajectory for parents’ self-esteem, which declined and increased before birth and declined and returned to baseline levels after birth. In contrast, matched childless respondents’ self-esteem decreased linearly before childbirth and then recovered. The quadratic postpartum process in parents was significantly associated with reduced relationship satisfaction. Thus, a fulfilling relationship may help to maintain the positive effects of childbirth on self-esteem in parents.

The cyclical effect of advertising

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1386-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangmin Park ◽  
SooCheong (Shawn) Jang
Keyword(s):  
Restaurant Industry ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Restaurant Managers ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of the effects of advertising based on economic cycles. To comprehend advertising effects in the restaurant industry from an economic cycle perspective, this study investigated both short- and long-run advertising effects under periods of economic contraction and expansion and compared those effects between the two economic periods. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected from the COMPUSTAT database for the restaurant industry (SIC 5,812) from 1979 to 2010. To estimate the economic cycles, the 2005 year-based real gross domestic product (GDP) was used from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Also, all variables were depreciated by the value of the US dollar in 2005. For estimation, a single equation error correction model was used to examine the short-term and long-term effects of advertising. Findings – The results of this study indicated that both the short- and long-term effects of advertising on sales growth were more obvious in contraction periods than in expansion periods. However, the short-run effects of advertising on brand equity did not significantly differ between expansion and contraction periods. Further, the long-term effects of advertising on brand equity were greater in expansion periods than in contraction periods. The findings suggest that restaurant firms should not reduce their advertising budgets during periods of economic contraction to take advantage of superior sales growth outcomes during these periods. Practical implications – The results of this study provide restaurant managers with useful practical implications. During economic contraction periods, restaurant managers should not reduce advertising budgets to take an ascendant position in terms of sales growth. Though the net positive effect at year t + 1 of contraction periods was smaller than that of expansion periods for sales growth, this is temporal and the long-run positive effect on sales growth spreads into future periods. Thus, a counter-cyclical advertising strategy could compensate for reduced sales from weak customer demands during economic contraction periods. Originality/value – There have been many empirical studies on the advertising effect in the literature. However, this study examined whether the effects of advertising differ between economic expansion and contraction periods. This specificity is helpful for industrial practitioners as well as academic researchers.

scholarly journals Enterprise characteristics, capital structure and operational performance: The case of listed enterprises in Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
Doan Ngoc Phi Anh
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper examines the relationship between enterprise characteristics, capital structure and operational performance among a sample of 592 companies listed on the Vietnamese stock exchange during the three years 2012-2014. Whilst most previous studies in this area have used multiple regression as the main method of analysis, the paper follows the examples of Titman and Wessels (1988) and Chang et al. (2009) and adopts a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Specifically, path analysis was employed to analyze simultaneous relationships among the various variables. The results suggest that for listed enterprises in Vietnam, operational performance has a negative effect on both of the measures of capital structure considered, namely long-term debt/total assets ratio (LDR) and short-term debt/total assets ratio (SDR), while the extent of state ownership has a positive effect on LDR and enterprise age has a positive effect on SDR only. The ratio of long-run to total assets affects the two capital structure measures in opposite ways: the effect is positive on LDR and negative on SDR. The evidence was considered to be inconclusive on the question of direction of causality between operational performance and LDR.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of using the drug “Bolus rozröd +” for prevention of obstetric polymorbid pathology of cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Olexandr Zubkov ◽  
Pavlo Skliarov
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Financial Losses

To prevent postpartum pathologies in cows, the study used the drug “Bolus rozröd +” – boluses containing ionized iodine (1.0%), selenium (0.15%), cobalt (0.50%) and copper (13.4%) and their long-term digestibility (within 6-8 months). The choice of the drug “Bolus rozröd +” as a means of prevention of postpartum pathologies is due to the fact that it contains trace elements that are deficient in the diet of the dairy complex “Ekaterinoslavsky”, the lack of which is a leading link in the etiopathogenesis of postpartum pathologies. A significant advantage is that the drug is relatively inexpensive (~ 10 $), and its components have a long digestibility (within 6-8 months), which can significantly reduce the frequency of injections (single, repeated ─ if necessary), and hence the total cost for preventive measures, treatment of sick animals and reduction of their stress during active milking, which will also reduce financial losses from unproduced milk. The experimental group (25) was given the drug “Bolus rozröd +”, heated to a temperature of 15-200C, orally, using an applicator (bolus) at the rate of 1 bolus per animal. The effectiveness of the drug “Bolus rozröd +” was determined according to the dynamics of biochemical blood tests and clinical evaluation of the postpartum period in cows. It was established that the method of prevention of postpartum pathologies in cows using the drug “Bolus rozrod +” is therapeutically effective, because it improves the biochemical parameters of the blood of animals, in particular, and reduces the incidence of postpartum pathology in general. Thus, the drug reduced the clinical manifestations of the following diseases: ketosis-metritis, placental delay and ketosis, and the number of healthy animals was 20% higher than in the control group, which proves the positive effect of the drug “Bolus rozröd +”.

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