scholarly journals A scoping review of experimental manipulations examining the impact of monetary format on gambling behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Palmer ◽  
Natalie Cringle ◽  
Luke Clark
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
Digital Options ◽  
The Impact

Gambling involves monetary bets and prizes, but the money can take a range of formats, including cash, chips, ticket-in ticket-out vouchers, and digital options including banking cards. As societies move towards cashless payment for many goods, the question arises of how emerging payment technologies might impact gambling related harms. We performed a scoping review following PRISMA guidelines to identify research testing the effects of monetary format in gambling. Our eligibility criteria focused on controlled experimental manipulations, to best establish the causal impact of monetary format. We sought to characterize different types of monetary manipulations that have been studied in a gambling context. We identified 15 eligible articles, comprising 18 individual experiments. These experiments were organized according to four distinct manipulations. The most common design (11 experiments), compared gambling under the presence or absence of money. Smaller numbers of experiments were identified manipulating monetary salience, testing Responsible Gambling tools, and testing the impact of promotional inducements. We identified no studies that compared gambling using cash against alternative payment forms. Our review highlights a paucity of research testing the possible impact of digital and cashless payment options on gambling related harms, using experimental designs that would permit causal conclusions to be drawn.

scholarly journals Scoping review of mental health in prisons through the COVID-19 pandemic

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e046547
Author(s):  
Luke Johnson ◽  
Kerry Gutridge ◽  
Julie Parkes ◽  
Anjana Roy ◽  
Emma Plugge
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo examine the extent, nature and quality of literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of imprisoned people and prison staff.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, Cochrane, PsycINFO, PsychExtra, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for any paper from 2019 onwards that focused on the mental health impact of COVID-19 on imprisoned people and prison staff. A grey literature search focused on international and government sources and professional bodies representing healthcare, public health and prison staff was also performed. We also performed hand searching of the reference lists of included studies.Eligibility criteria for selection of studiesAll papers, regardless of study design, were included if they examined the mental health of imprisoned people or prison staff specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Imprisoned people could be of any age and from any countries. All languages were included. Two independent reviewers quality assessed appropriate papers.ResultsOf 647 articles found, 83 were eligible for inclusion, the majority (58%) of which were opinion pieces. The articles focused on the challenges to prisoner mental health. Fear of COVID-19, the impact of isolation, discontinuation of prison visits and reduced mental health services were all likely to have an adverse effect on the mental well-being of imprisoned people. The limited research and poor quality of articles included mean that the findings are not conclusive. However, they suggest a significant adverse impact on the mental health and well-being of those who live and work in prisons.ConclusionsIt is key to address the mental health impacts of the pandemic on people who live and work in prisons. These findings are discussed in terms of implications for getting the balance between infection control imperatives and the fundamental human rights of prison populations.

scholarly journals RESPONSIBLE MARKETING AND ADVERTISING IN GAMBLING: A CRITICAL REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Parke ◽  
Andrew Harris ◽  
Jonathan Parke ◽  
Jane Rigbye ◽  
Alex Blaszczynski
Keyword(s):  
Online Community ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Harm Minimisation ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Impact

Marketing and advertising play a significant role in the adoption of attitudes and societal norms, which have been shown to have a direct impact on behavioural intentions, ultimately leading to behavioural execution. Concurrent with other attempts to inform policy strategy with respect to harm minimisation in gambling there is a paucity of evidence pertaining to the impact that gambling advertising has on gambling behaviour, gambling-related harm, and the efficacy of advertising regulations to minimise harm. There appears to be an overwhelming portrayal of gambling as a normative, legitimate social activity, at the expense of highlighting the potential risks involved. Furthermore, new marketing techniques utilising the social media platform are able to instil emotive and positive attitudes towards gambling brands and products, as well as enabling consumers to widely share and recommend gambling products across their online community, sometimes exposing under-age and vulnerable populations to gambling. The following paper critically reviews existing research investigating the impact of current gambling advertising and marketing campaigns on both vulnerable (i.e. adolescents and problem gamblers) and normal adult populations, looking specifically at the impact of exposure, the positive framing of gambling, and the transparency of marketing techniques. It is concluded that marketing and advertising in gambling needs to facilitate more informed choice for consumers, and a more balanced approach in the framing of gambling. It is suggested that risk information is presented asynchronously to gambling promotions, as opposed to being delivered as peripheral information, and moreover future strategies need to be based on robust empirical evidence demonstrating the impact of responsible gambling advertising and marketing on behaviour.

scholarly journals Barriers to effective prescribing in older adults: applying the theoretical domains framework in the ambulatory setting – a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Lau ◽  
Penny Lun ◽  
Wendy Ang ◽  
Keng Teng Tan ◽  
Yew Yoong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Ambulatory Setting ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Prescribing Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background As the population ages, potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in the older adults may become increasingly prevalent. This undermines patient safety and creates a potential source of major morbidity and mortality. Understanding the factors that influence prescribing behaviour may allow development of interventions to reduce PIP. The aim of this study is to apply the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore barriers to effective prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting. Methods A scoping review was performed based on the five-stage methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. From 30 Aug 2018 to 5 Sep 2018, we conducted our search on PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. We also searched five electronic journals, Google and Google Scholar to identify additional sources and grey literature. Two reviewers applied eligibility criteria to the title and abstract screening, followed by full text screening, before systematically charting the data. Results A total of 5731 articles were screened. Twenty-nine studies met the selection criteria for qualitative analysis. We mapped our results using the 14-domain TDF, eventually identifying 10 domains of interest for barriers to effective prescribing. Of these, significant domains include physician-related factors such as “Knowledge”, “Skills”, and “Social/Professional Role and Identity”; issues with “Environmental Context and Resources”; and the impact of “Social Influences” and “Emotion” on prescribing behaviour. Conclusion The TDF elicited multiple domains which both independently and collectively lead to barriers to effective prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting. Changing the prescribing climate will thus require interventions targeting multiple stakeholders, including physicians, patients and hospital/clinic systems. Further work is needed to explore individual domains and guide development of frameworks to aid guide prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting.

Evaluation of the impact of patient involvement in health technology assessments: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Robert J. Mason ◽  
Karlee M. Searle ◽  
Yvonne Bombard ◽  
Amanda Rahmadian ◽  
Alexandra Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesWhile involving patients in health technology assessment (HTA) has become increasingly common and important around the world, little is known about the optimal methods of evaluating patients’ involvement (PI) in HTA. This scoping review was undertaken to provide an overview of currently available methods for the evaluation of PI, specifically the impact of PI on HTA recommendations.MethodsA literature search was conducted using nine databases as well as a grey literature search of the websites of 26 organizations related to the conduct, practice or research of HTA to identify articles, reports and abstracts related to the evaluation of PI impact in HTA.ResultsWe identified 1,248 unique citations, six of which met our eligibility criteria. These six records (five articles, and one report) were all published after 2012. Four assessed the impact of patient experience submissions on final HTA recommendations; one evaluated the impact of direct involvement on HTA committees, and one assessed impact of multiple forms of involvement. Methods of evaluation included quantitative analyses of reimbursement decisions, qualitative interviews with those directly involved in an assessment, surveys of patient groups and committee members, and the review of HTA reports.ConclusionsQuantitative evaluation of PI based on associations with funding decisions may not be feasible or fully capture the relevant impact of PI in the assessment of health technologies. Rather, a combination of both qualitative and quantitative strategies may allow for the most comprehensive assessment of the impact of PI on HTA recommendations when possible.

scholarly journals Are People with Aphasia (PWA) Involved in the Creation of Quality of Life and Aphasia Impact-Related Questionnaires? A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Marina Charalambous ◽  
Maria Kambanaros ◽  
Jean-Marie Annoni
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Direct Involvement ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

Background: Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaires are used to describe the impact of aphasia on stroke survivors’ life. People with aphasia (PWA) are traditionally excluded from research, potentially leading to a mismatch between the factors chosen in the tools and the realistic needs of PWA. The purpose of this review was to determine the direct involvement of PWA in the creation of QoL and aphasia impact-related questionnaires (AIR-Qs). Methods: A scoping review methodology was conducted by an expert librarian and two independent reviewers on health sciences based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) protocol, through a literature search in five databases: Medline Complete, PubMed, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Search terms included ‘stroke’, ‘people with aphasia’, ‘communication’, ‘well-being’, and ‘quality of life’. Results: Of 952 results, 20 studies met the eligibility criteria. Of these, only four AIR-Qs studies (20%) were found reporting the direct involvement of PWA, while no QoL tools did so. Evidence showed involvement in the creation phase of AIR-Q, mainly in a consultation role. Conclusions: There is an absence of a framework for conducting and reporting the involvement of PWA in qualitative participatory research studies, which limits effectiveness to promote equitable best practice in aphasia rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Barriers to Effective Prescribing in Older Adults: Applying the Theoretical Domains Framework in the Ambulatory Setting – A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Lau ◽  
Penny Lun ◽  
Wendy Ang ◽  
Keng Teng Tan ◽  
Yew Yoong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Ambulatory Setting ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Prescribing Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: As the population ages, potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in the older adults may become increasingly prevalent. This undermines patient safety and creates a potential source of major morbidity and mortality. Understanding the factors that influence prescribing behaviour may allow development of interventions to reduce PIP. The aim of this study is to apply the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore barriers to effective prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting. Methods: A scoping review was performed based on the five-stage methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. From 30 Aug 2018 to 5 Sep 2018, we conducted our search on PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. We also searched five electronic journals, Google and Google Scholar to identify additional sources and grey literature. Two reviewers applied eligibility criteria to the title and abstract screening, followed by full text screening, before systematically charting the data. Results: A total of 5,731 articles were screened. 29 studies met the selection criteria for qualitative analysis. We mapped our results using the 14-domain TDF, eventually identifying 10 domains of interest for barriers to effective prescribing. Of these, significant domains include physician-related factors such as “Knowledge”, “Skills”, and “Social/Professional Role and Identity”; issues with “Environmental Context and Resources”; and the impact of “Social Influences” and “Emotion” on prescribing behaviour. Conclusion: The TDF elicited multiple domains which both independently and collectively lead to barriers to effective prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting. Changing the prescribing climate will thus require interventions targeting multiple stakeholders, including physicians, patients and hospital/clinic systems. Further work is needed to explore individual domains and guide development of frameworks to aid guide prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting.

scholarly journals Differences in the impact of precarious employment on health across population subgroups: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
BJ Gray ◽  
CNB Grey ◽  
A Hookway ◽  
L Homolova ◽  
AR Davies
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
The Impact

Aim: Precarious employment is known to be detrimental to health, and some population subgroups (young individuals, migrant workers, and females) are at higher risk of precarious employment. However, it is not known if the risk to poor health outcomes is consistent across population subgroups. This scoping review explores differential impacts of precarious employment on health. Methods: Relevant studies published between 2009 and February 2019 were identified across PubMed, OVID Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Articles were included if (1) they presented original data, (2) examined precarious employment within one of the subpopulations of interest, and (3) examined health outcomes. Results: Searches yielded 279 unique results, of which 14 met the eligibility criteria. Of the included studies, 12 studies examined differences between gender, 3 examined the health impacts on young individuals, and 3 examined the health of migrant workers. Mental health was explored in nine studies, general health in four studies, and mortality in two studies. Conclusion: Mental health was generally poorer in both male and female employees as a result of precarious employment, and males were also at higher risk of mortality. There was limited evidence that met our inclusion criteria, examining the health impacts on young individuals or migrant workers.

scholarly journals Biopsychosocial Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescents’ Psychological Wellbeing during COVID-19: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamble JH
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Healthy Habits ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of COVID-19 on psychological well-being has gained the increasing attention of scholars and mental health practitioners. Given the fears, restrictions, and lifestyle changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents are a vulnerable population in terms of psychological well-being. Moreover, given the emergence of new and more transmissible variants of SARS-CoV-2, such as the omicron variant (B.1.1.529), preparations for third, fourth, and further waves of the pandemic and accompanying upheavals to daily life must be made, including actions to protect vulnerable populations, such as adolescents. Objectives: The purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate the protective and risk factors which influence the impact of COVID-19 on adolescents’ psychological well-being in order to, in turn, provide clearer suggestions and implications for healthcare professionals. Eligibility Criteria: Studies included in this review were required to meet the following criteria: include empirical findings related to either risk or protective factors for psychological wellbeing; be reported in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; include adolescent participants; and be available in full-text in the English language. Results: From a total of 6,696 articles, after excluding those with missing data, not being available in English, using nonempirical methods, or not being relevant to adolescents psychological wellbeing in the context of COVID-19, a total of 32 articles were selected for inclusion. Biological factors included gender, physical and mental disorders, and healthy habits and behaviors. Psychological factors included coping strategies, worry, resilience, other cognitive factors, and proactive behaviors. Social factors, including COVID-19 cases in the community, social support, family functioning or conflicts in the home, and routines. Conclusion: Implications for practitioners are provided, including care in making decisions regarding opening of schools, promotion of basic health behaviors, allocating resources to individuals with pre-existing physical and mental conditions, proving educational and financial resources for parents at risk of family dysfunction, and the provision of teacher support to reduce negative emotions and develop adolescents’ resilience.

scholarly journals Can social robots help children in healthcare contexts? A scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Dawe ◽  
Craig Sutherland ◽  
Alex Barco ◽  
Elizabeth Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Conference Proceedings ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

ObjectiveTo review research on social robots to help children in healthcare contexts in order to describe the current state of the literature and explore future directions for research and practice.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesEngineering Village, IEEE Xplore, Medline, PsycINFO and Scopus databases were searched up until 10 July 2017. Only publications written in English were considered. Identified publications were initially screened by title and abstract, and the full texts of remaining publications were then subsequently screened.Eligibility criteriaPublications were included if they were journal articles, conference proceedings or conference proceedings published as monographs that described the conceptualisation, development, testing or evaluation of social robots for use with children with any mental or physical health condition or disability. Publications on autism exclusively, robots for use with children without identified health conditions, physically assistive or mechanical robots, non-physical hardware robots and surgical robots were excluded.ResultsSeventy-three publications were included in the review, of which 50 included user studies with a range of samples. Most were feasibility studies with small sample sizes, suggesting that the robots were generally accepted. At least 26 different robots were used, with many of these still in development. The most commonly used robot was NAO. The evidence quality was low, with only one randomised controlled trial and a limited number of experimental designs.ConclusionsSocial robots hold significant promise and potential to help children in healthcare contexts, but higher quality research is required with experimental designs and larger sample sizes.

scholarly journals Time for more evidence: a scoping review of the effects of sanctions on Iranian health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Majdzadeh ◽  
Faeze Yahyaei ◽  
Haniye Sadat Sajadi ◽  
Goodarz Danaei
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Islamic Republic of Iran has been the target of massive sanctions since 1979, which got intensified in 2005, 2012, and also in 2015 following JCPOA cancellation. Long-term economic sanctions have impacted Iran’s health system. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of sanctions on health system in Iran, and Iranian people’s health. Methods A scoping review was performed. PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scientific Information Database were searched from 2012 using the sanction, health and Iran keywords to find the studies that examined the impacts of sanctions on health in Iran. After screening, only original studies, namely studies which collected data through experiments, surveys, observation, interviews, or review of the literature were included, and letters to the editors and secondary reports were excluded. Final listings of articles were supplemented with hand searches of reference listings to ensure completeness. Data on study characteristics and the impacts of sanctions on health were extracted and summarized. Result The preliminary search has identified 273 documents among which 11 articles had the eligibility criteria to be included. They showed remarkable effects of sanctions on access to medicines for the treatment of cancers, non-communicable diseases, asthma, epilepsy, addiction, and hemophilia. Conclusion While there is a scarcity of evidence in quantifying the sanction’s impact and also the potential impact on different dimensions of people’s health, it seems that innocent people suffered from the economic downturn caused by sanction. The exact impact of sanctions on different health related areas could be the subject of further studies. Furthermore, more vigorous monitoring and evaluation systems are needed to investigate the effects of sanctions on health outcomes and system to be sure that they do not violate people’s fundamental human right to health.

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