scholarly journals Is the National Study of Learning Mindsets Nationally-Representative?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maithreyi Gopalan ◽  
Elizabeth Tipton
Keyword(s):  
School Achievement ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
National Study ◽  
Public High Schools ◽  
Achievement Level ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Conditional Estimates ◽  
High Degree

The National Study of Learning Mindsets (NSLM) is a randomized trial evaluating an intervention in a national sample of schools that were selected to participate via probability sampling methods. The response rate for this study was 56%. This paper evaluates whether site-level non-response compromises the generalizability of the results from the achieved sample of schools in the NSLM. Comparisons of characteristics of schools taking part in the NSLM relative to national benchmarks shows that the NSLM sample has a high degree of similarity to the population of all regular, U.S. public high schools with at least 25 students in 9th grade and in which 9th grade is the lowest grade, via two metrics. First, comparisons of school- and district-level characteristics between the NSLM and the national population of inference show few statistically significant differences. Second, applying an empirical method to quantify the degree of generalizability—the Tipton (2014) generalizability index—found that the analytic sample is generalizable to the population overall (generalizability index = .98 on a 0 to 1 scale) and to four other theoretically-relevant inference populations identified based on school achievement level and school minority concentration measures (generalizability indices > .93). Thus, full-sample estimates and conditional estimates (within school achievement and racial composition subgroups) are likely to be highly generalizable to the corresponding populations of inference.

scholarly journals Estimating the Impact of Growth Mindset on High School Mathematics Performance and Course-Taking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soobin Kim ◽  
Barbara Schneider ◽  
John Yun
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
School Context ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
National Study ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growth Mindset Intervention ◽  
Mindset Intervention

Using a randomized controlled trial in a nationally representative sample of 65 public high schools (N = 13,660), we tested the effects of a growth mindset intervention on math course- taking patterns and student achievement and explored whether school context was related to the success of the intervention. Students were randomly assigned to complete either the growth mindset intervention or a control activity during two 25-minute sessions. After participating in the growth mindset program used in the National Study of Learning Mindsets, students’ 9th- grade mathematics GPA increased by an average of 0.05 grade points on a 4.3-point scale. We found distinct patterns of treatment effects that depend on level of math preparation, course intensity, school context, and changes in students’ mindset.

scholarly journals Childhood Adversities and Traumata in Lebanon: A National Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Itani ◽  
Youmna C Haddad ◽  
John Fayyad ◽  
Aimee Karam ◽  
Elie Karam
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
National Study ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Personal Trauma

Background: The goal of this paper is to map the total occurrence and evaluate the risk of co-occurrence of childhood adversities (CA) and a wide variety of childhood traumatic events (including war) in a national sample. Method: The nationally representative sample included 2,857 respondents and the instrument used was the Composite International Diagnostic Interview which screened for all CAs and traumatic events. Results: 27.9% experienced CAs; the most common were parental death and parental mental/substance use disorder. 70.6% experienced a war-related traumatic event during their lifetime, and around half of them (38.1%) experienced it below the age of 18 years. 51.3% of the subjects experienced a traumatic event not related to war during their lifetime, and 19.2% experienced it before the age of 18 years. Sexual abuse, being a refugee during war, and experiencing a natural disaster were associated with female gender. Having any CA was associated with active war exposure (OR: 4.2, CI: 2.0-8.6); war-related direct personal trauma (OR: 3.9, CI: 1.5-10.0); war-related trauma to others (OR: 2.4, CI: 1.3-4.4); non-war direct personal trauma (OR: 3.8, CI: 2.0-7.4); and any non-war childhood traumatic event (OR: 1.9, CI: 1.1-3.1). Conclusion:Childhood is awash with adversities and traumatic events that co-occur and should be measured simultaneously; otherwise, the effects of a subset of traumata or adversities could be wrongly thought to be the contributor to negative outcomes under study.

When Religion Hurts: Structural Sexism and Health in Religious Congregations

2021 ◽  
pp. 000312242199668
Author(s):  
Patricia Homan ◽  
Amy Burdette
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
State Level ◽  
Religious Participation ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

An emerging line of research has begun to document the relationship between structural sexism and health. This work shows that structural sexism—defined as systematic gender inequality in power and resources—within U.S. state-level institutions and within marriages can shape individuals’ physical health. In the present study, we use a novel dataset created by linking two nationally representative surveys (the General Social Survey and the National Congregations Study) to explore the health consequences of structural sexism within another setting: religious institutions. Although religious participation is generally associated with positive health outcomes, many religious institutions create and reinforce a high degree of structural sexism, which is harmful for health. Prior research has not reconciled these seemingly conflicting patterns. We find that among religious participants, women who attend sexist religious institutions report significantly worse self-rated health than do those who attend more inclusive congregations. Furthermore, only women who attend inclusive religious institutions exhibit a health advantage relative to non-participants. We observe marginal to no statistically significant effects among men. Our results suggest the health benefits of religious participation do not extend to groups that are systematically excluded from power and status within their religious institutions.

Young Adult Reports of the Victim–Offender Overlap in Intimate and Nonintimate Relationships: A Nationally Representative Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Taylor ◽  
Elizabeth A. Mumford ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Mark Berg ◽  
Maria Bohri
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Management Styles ◽  
Conflict Management Styles ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Overlap

Little is known about the role of conflict management in explaining the victim–offender overlap. This article assesses the victim–offender overlap for adults (18-32) in intimate and nonintimate relationships, covering their relationship with their partner and with friends and acquaintances/strangers. Controlling for conceptually important variables, we explore whether different conflict management styles are associated with a respondent being in the victim-only, offender-only, both, or neither group (separately for verbal aggression, physical abuse for intimate and nonintimate relationships, and sexual abuse for intimate relationships). Data are from a nationally representative panel of U.S. households ( N = 2,284 respondents of whom 871 women and 690 men report being in an intimate partnership). We observed a high degree of overlap between victimization and offending across our abuse measures. We found a range of modestly consistent set of risk factors, for example, conflict management styles and self-control, for the victim–offender overlap for partner and nonpartner abuse experiences.

How Mothers and Fathers Share Childcare

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Craig ◽  
Killian Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
National Study ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

In most families today, childcare remains divided unequally between fathers and mothers. Scholars argue that persistence of the gendered division of childcare is due to multiple causes, including values about gender and family, disparities in paid work, class, and social context. It is likely that all of these factors interact, but to date researchers have not explored such interactions. To address this gap, we analyze nationally representative time-use data from Australia, Denmark, France, and Italy. These countries have different employment patterns, social and family policies, and cultural attitudes toward parenting and gender equality. Using data from matched married couples, we conduct a cross-national study of mothers’ and fathers’ relative time in childcare, divided along dimensions of task (i.e., routine versus non-routine activities) and co-presence (i.e., caring for children together as a couple versus caring solo). Results show that mothers’ and fathers’ work arrangements and education relate modestly to shares of childcare, and this relationship differs across countries. We find cross-national variation in whether more equal shares result from the behavior of mothers, fathers, or both spouses. Results illustrate the relevance of social context in accentuating or minimizing the impact of individual- and household-level characteristics.

Nonfarm diversification and the well-being of rural farm households in developing countries: Evidence from Ghana using new dataset

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-229
Author(s):  
Bernardin Senadza ◽  
Edward Nketiah-Amponsah ◽  
Samuel Ampaw
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Rural Ghana ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper examines the impact of participation in both farm and nonfarm activities on both household consumption expenditure per adult equivalent and household per capita income, in rural Ghana. The objective is to ascertain whether the results are sensitive to the choice of well-being measure. We use a nationally representative dataset on 8,059 rural farm households collected in 2012/13. In order to account for potential selectivity and endogeneity biases, which previous studies failed to correct for, we adopt the endogenous switching regression (ESR) estimation technique. We find diversified households to be systematically different from their undiversified counterparts in terms of socioeconomic and demographic centeracteristics, thus justifying the empirical method used. Our results indicate a higher observed mean consumption for the diversified sub-sample compared to its counterfactual, implying that households participating in nonfarm enterprise activities in addition to farming have greater mean consumption compared to households engaged solely in farming. Similar conclusions are reached when income instead is used as the well-being indicator. Our findings, thus, indicate that the well-being implication of farm-nonfarm diversification is insensitive to the choice of well-being measure.

scholarly journals How does adopting a Growth Mindset Improve Academic Performance? Probing the Underlying Mechanisms in a Nationally- Representative Sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maithreyi Gopalan ◽  
David Scott Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
National Study ◽  
Student Behaviors ◽  
Low Achieving Students ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Students who are taught that intellectual abilities are not fixed but can be developed—a growth mindset of intelligence—show improvements in their academic outcomes. Specifically, the mindset treatment effects are strongest for low-achieving students and vary across school contexts, as demonstrated by several lab and field-experimental studies including the largest randomized control trial (RCT) evaluation in a nationally- representative sample of 9th graders in the US as shown by the National Study of Learning Mindsets (NSLM). Yet, the mechanisms through which a growth mindset brings about positive academic outcomes remains unclear. Past research posits a role for challenge-seeking/learning-oriented behaviors exhibited by students exposed to a growth mindset intervention. However, research illuminating this pathway from mindset to academic outcomes through student behaviors are sparse. For the first time, given the multisite RCT design and the inclusion of a rich set of mediators—especially, a mediator measured using a novel behavioral task that elicits learning-oriented behavior in the NSLM, rather than relying on just self-reported mindset measures, this research tests the complete mediational pathway and highlights a key mechanism through which growth mindset interventions may work.

scholarly journals A national report of nursing home information technology: year 1 results

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L Alexander ◽  
Richard W Madsen ◽  
Erin L Miller ◽  
Melissa K Schaumberg ◽  
Allison E Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Study ◽  
It Adoption ◽  
Nursing Home Administrators ◽  
Resident Care ◽  
Clinical Support ◽  
It Capabilities ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective To provide a report on year 1 results of a national study investigating nursing home information technology (IT) adoption, called IT sophistication. Methods A reliable and valid survey was used to measure IT sophistication. The target goal was 10% from each state in the United States, 1570 nursing homes. A random sample of homes from each state was recruited from Nursing Home Compare. Results The team reached 2627 nursing home administrators, among whom 1799 administrators agreed to participate and were sent a survey. A total of 815 surveys were completed (45.3% response rate), which was below the goal. Facilities in the participating sample have similar demographic characteristics (ownership, total population in a location, and bed size) to the remaining homes not participating. There are greater IT capabilities in resident care and administrative activities, less in clinical support. The extent of use of these capabilities appears to be highest in administrative activities and lowest in clinical support. IT in resident care appears to be the most integrated with internal and external stakeholders. IT capabilities appear to be greater than IT extent of use in all health domains, with the greatest difference in resident care. Discussion National evaluations of nursing home IT are rare. Measuring trends in IT adoption in a nationally representative sample provides meaningful analytics that could be more useful for policy makers and nursing home leaders in the future. Conclusion Discovering national baseline assessments is a first step toward recognizing nursing home trends in IT adoption.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of psychological distress among a national sample of in-school adolescents in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Abstract Background The goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among adolescent school children in Morocco. Methods Nationally representative cross-sectional data were analysed from 6745 adolescents (15 years median age) that responded to questions on a two-item measure of psychological distress from “2016 Morocco Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS).” Results The prevalence of psychological distress was 23.3, 18.0% among males and 29.2% among females. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, female sex, older age, bullying victimization, infrequently physically attacked, frequent participation in physical fights, having no close friends, frequent experience of hunger, parental emotional neglect, parental disrespect of privacy, school truancy, sedentary behaviour and having sustained a single or multiple serious injuries (past year) were associated with psychological distress. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, low peer support, parents never check homework, exposure to passive smoking, substance use (current tobacco use, current cannabis use and ever used amphetamine), frequent soft drink and frequent fast food consumption were positively and fruit and vegetable intake was negatively associated with psychological distress. Conclusion Almost one in four students reported psychological distress and several associated factors were identified which can aid prevention and control strategies.

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