scholarly journals Can we recognize people based on their body-alone? The roles of body motion and whole person context.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Simhi ◽  
Galit Yovel
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Person Recognition ◽  
Facial Information ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
The Face ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

While most studies on person recognition examine the face alone, recent studies have shown evidence for the contribution of the body and gait to person recognition beyond the face. Nevertheless, little is known on whether person recognition can be performed based on the body alone. In this study, we examined two sources of information that may enhance body-based person recognition: body motion and whole person context. Body motion has been shown to contribute to person recognition especially when facial information is unclear. Additionally, generating whole person context, by attaching faceless heads to bodies, has been shown to activate face processing mechanisms and may therefore enhance body-based person recognition. To assess body-based person recognition, participants performed a sequential matching task in which they studied a video of a person walking followed by a headless image of the same or different identity. The role of body motion was examined by comparing recognition from dynamic vs. static headless bodies. The role of whole person context was examined by comparing bodies with and without faceless heads. Our findings show that body motion contributed to body-based person recognition, and person recognition from the body alone was better in dynamic vs. static displays. In addition, whole person context contributed to body-based person recognition when recognition was performed in static displays. Overall these findings show that recognizing people based on their body alone is challenging but can be performed under certain circumstances that enhance the processing of the body when seeing the whole person.

scholarly journals Dissociating gait from static appearance: A virtual reality study of the role of dynamic identity signatures in person recognition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Simhi ◽  
Galit Yovel
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Body Form ◽  
Person Recognition ◽  
Facial Information ◽  
The Face ◽  
Dynamic Identity ◽  
Close Distance

Studies on person recognition have primarily examined recognition of static faces, presented on a computer screen at a close distance. Nevertheless, in naturalistic situations we typically see the whole dynamic person, often approaching from a distance. In such cases, facial information may be less clear, and the motion pattern of an individual, their dynamic identity signature (DIS), may be used for person recognition. Studies that examined the role of motion in person recognition, presented videos of people in motion. However, such stimuli do not allow for the dissociation of gait from face and body form, as different identities differ both in their gait and static appearance. To examine the contribution of gait in person recognition, independently from static appearance, we used a virtual environment, and presented across participants, the same face and body form with different gaits. The virtual environment also enabled us to assess the distance at which a person is recognized as a continuous variable. Using this setting, we assessed the accuracy and distance at which identities are recognized based on their gait, as a function of gait distinctiveness. We find that the accuracy and distance at which people were recognized increased with gait distinctiveness. Importantly, these effects were found when recognizing identities in motion but not from static displays, indicating that DIS rather than attention, enabled more accurate person recognition. Overall these findings highlight that gait contributes to person recognition beyond the face and body and stress an important role for gait in real-life person recognition.

Dissociating identity from gait: A virtual reality study of the role of dynamic identity signatures in person recognition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Simhi ◽  
Galit Yovel
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Person Recognition ◽  
Facial Information ◽  
The Face ◽  
Dynamic Identity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Close Distance

Studies on person recognition have primarily examined recognition of static faces, presented on a computer screen at a close distance. Nevertheless, in naturalistic situations we typically see the whole dynamic person, often approaching from a distance. In such cases, facial information may be less clear, and the motion pattern of an individual, their dynamic identity signature (DIS), may be used for person recognition. Recently, several studies examined the role of motion in person recognition by presenting videos of people in motion. However, such stimuli do not allow for the dissociation of gait from identity, as different individuals differ both in their gait and their identity. To examine the role of gait independently from person identity in person recognition, we used a virtual environment, which enables presenting the same type of gait across different identities. Using this setting, we assessed the accuracy and distance at which identities are recognized based on their gait, as a function of gait distinctiveness. Furthermore, the virtual environment also enabled us to assess, for the first time, the distance at which a person is recognized as a continuous variable. We find that the accuracy and distance at which people were recognized increased with gait distinctiveness. Importantly, these effects were found when recognizing identities in motion but not from static displays, indicating that DIS rather than attention, enabled more accurate person recognition. Overall these findings highlight an important role for gait in real-life person recognition and stress that gait contributes to recognition independently from the face and body.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

scholarly journals Tracking Full-Body Motion of Multiple Fish with Midline Subspace Constrained Multicue Optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Pei Ru Zhu ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Jing Wen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Full Body

Capturing the body motion of fish has been gaining considerable attention from scientists of various fields. In this paper, we propose a method which is able to track the full-body motion of multiple fish with frequent interactions. We firstly propose to model the midline subspace of a fish body which gives a compact low-dimensional representation of the complex shape and motion. Then we propose a particle swarm-based optimization framework whose objective function takes into account multiple sources of information. The proposed multicue objective function is able to describe the details of fish appearance and is also effective through mutual occlusions. Excessive experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Attention to speaking mouth is reduced by face inversion in infants only from 9 months of age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Laudańska ◽  
Aleksandra Dopierała ◽  
Magdalena Szmytke ◽  
Dianna Ilyka ◽  
Anna Malinowska-Korczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Early Integration ◽  
Face Inversion ◽  
Facial Information ◽  
The Face ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Configural Face Processing ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

Abstract Configural processing is a specialised perceptual mechanism that allows adult humans to quickly process facial information. It emerges before the first birthday and can be disrupted by upside-down presentation of the face (inversion). To date, little is known about the relationship of configural face processing to the emerging knowledge of audiovisual (AV) speech in infancy. Using eye-tracking we measured attention to speaking mouth in upright and inverted faces that were either congruent or incongruent with the speech sound. Face inversion affected looking at AV speech only in older infants (9- to 11- and 12- to 14-month-olds). The youngest group of infants (5- to 7-month-olds) did not show any differences in looking durations between upright and inverted faces, while in both older groups face inversion led to reduced looking at the articulating mouth. We also observed a stronger interest in the eyes in the youngest infants, followed by an increase in looking time to the mouth in both older groups. Our findings suggest that configural face processing is involved in AV speech processing already in infancy, indicating early integration of face and speech processing mechanisms in cognitive development.

scholarly journals Independent contributions of the face, body and gait to the representation of the whole person

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Simhi ◽  
Galit Yovel
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Representational Space ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
The Face ◽  
Static Images ◽  
Complementary Analysis

Most studies on person perception have primarily investigated static images of faces. However, real-life person perception involves also the body and often the gait of the whole person. Whereas some studies indicated that the face dominates the representation of the whole person, others have emphasized the additional contribution of the body and gait. Here, we compared models of whole person perception by asking whether a model that includes the body for static whole person stimuli and also the gait for dynamic whole person stimuli accounts better for the representation of the whole person than a model that takes into account the face alone. Participants rated the distinctiveness of static or dynamic displays of different people based on either the whole person, face, body, or gait. By fitting a linear regression model to the representation of the whole person based on the face, body and gait, we revealed that the face and body contribute uniquely and independently to the representation of the static whole person, and that gait further contributes to the representation of the dynamic person. A complementary analysis examined if these components are also valid dimensions of a whole person representational space. This analysis further confirmed that the body in addition to the face, as well as the gait are valid dimensions of the static and dynamic whole person representations, respectively. These data clearly show that whole person perception goes beyond the face and is significantly influenced by the body and gait.

Oscillatory motion and wake instability of freely rising axisymmetric bodies

2007 ◽  
Vol 573 ◽  
pp. 479-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO C. FERNANDES ◽  
FRÉDÉRIC RISSO ◽  
PATRICIA ERN ◽  
JACQUES MAGNAUDET
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Axial Velocity ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Wake Instability ◽  
Moving Bodies

This paper reports on an experimental study of the motion of freely rising axisym- metric rigid bodies in a low-viscosity fluid. We consider flat cylinders with height h smaller than the diameter d and density ρb close to the density ρf of the fluid. We have investigated the role of the Reynolds number based on the mean rise velocity um in the range 80 ≤ Re = umd/ν ≤ 330 and that of the aspect ratio in the range 1.5 ≤ χ = d/h ≤ 20. Beyond a critical Reynolds number, Rec, which depends on the aspect ratio, both the body velocity and the orientation start to oscillate periodically. The body motion is observed to be essentially two-dimensional. Its description is particularly simple in the coordinate system rotating with the body and having its origin fixed in the laboratory; the axial velocity is then found to be constant whereas the rotation and the lateral velocity are described well by two harmonic functions of time having the same angular frequency, ω. In parallel, direct numerical simulations of the flow around fixed bodies were carried out. They allowed us to determine (i) the threshold, Recf1(χ), of the primary regular bifurcation that causes the breaking of the axial symmetry of the wake as well as (ii) the threshold, Recf2(χ), and frequency, ωf, of the secondary Hopf bifurcation leading to wake oscillations. As χ increases, i.e. the body becomes thinner, the critical Reynolds numbers, Recf1 and Recf2, decrease. Introducing a Reynolds number Re* based on the velocity in the recirculating wake makes it possible to obtain thresholds $\hbox{\it Re}^*_{cf1}$ and $\hbox{\it Re}^*_{cf2}$ that are independent of χ. Comparison with fixed bodies allowed us to clarify the role of the body shape. The oscillations of thick moving bodies (χ < 6) are essentially triggered by the wake instability observed for a fixed body: Rec(χ) is equal to Recf1(χ) and ω is close to ωf. However, in the range 6 ≤ χ ≤ 10 the flow corrections induced by the translation and rotation of freely moving bodies are found to be able to delay the onset of wake oscillations, causing Rec to increase strongly with χ. An analysis of the evolution of the parameters characterizing the motion in the rotating frame reveals that the constant axial velocity scales with the gravitational velocity based on the body thickness, $\sqrt{((\rho_f-\rho_b)/\rho_f)\,gh}$, while the relevant length and velocity scales for the oscillations are the body diameter d and the gravitational velocity based on d, $\sqrt{((\rho_f-\rho_b)/\rho_f)\,gd}$, respectively. Using this scaling, the dimensionless amplitudes and frequency of the body's oscillations are found to depend only on the modified Reynolds number, Re*; they no longer depend on the body shape.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Lithium as an Antiviral Agent against SARS-CoV-2 via Membrane Depolarization: Review and Hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Abdallah Barjas Qaswal ◽  
Aiman Suleiman ◽  
Hasan Guzu ◽  
Taima’a Harb ◽  
Bashir Atiyat
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Membrane Depolarization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
The Face ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Receptor Family

Studies on potential treatments of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are important to improve the global situation in the face of the pandemic. This review proposes lithium as a potential drug to treat COVID-19. Our hypothesis states that lithium can suppress NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity, inhibit cell death, and exhibit immunomodulation via membrane depolarization. Our hypothesis was formulated after finding consistent correlations between these actions and membrane depolarization induced by lithium. Eventually, lithium could serve to mitigate the NLRP3-mediated cytokine storm, which is allegedly reported to be the inciting event of a series of retrogressive events associated with mortality from COVID-19. It could also inhibit cell death and modulate the immune system to attenuate its release, clear the virus from the body, and interrupt the cycle of immune-system dysregulation. Therefore, these effects are presumed to improve the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. As the numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths continue to rise exponentially without a clear consensus on potential therapeutic agents, urgent conduction of preclinical and clinical studies to prove the efficacy and safety of lithium is reasonable.

scholarly journals Tecnologia, corpo e educação física: entre a formação e a prática docente

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Evandro Antonio Corrêa ◽  
Deivide Telles de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship

ResumoEste ensaio visa refletir as relações entre a formação em Educação Física, o corpo em movimento e as tecnologias na educação escolar. Compreendemos que a Educação Física precisa compreender esse corpo e suas diferentes nuances face as tecnologias, as quais podem contribuir como ferramentas auxiliadoras no processo de emancipação dos seres humanos no sentido de se tornarem mais reflexivos, críticos e criativos. Com os avanços das tecnologias observamos mudanças rápidas na sociedade, e o mesmo com o corpo. Torna-se necessário o debate sobre as inter-relações que ocorrem na sociedade entre a tecnologia, corpo e educação como um processo histórico e contínuo de transformações que envolvem questões culturais, econômicas, políticas, sociais que tem (re)configurado a atuação do professor de Educação Física com “novos” saberes e competências no âmbito escolar.Palavras-chave: Educação Física. Corpo. Tecnologia. Educação. Technology, body and physical education: between training and teaching practiceAbstractThis essay aims to reflect the relationship between training in Physical Education, the body in movement and technologies in school education. We understand that Physical Education needs to understand this body and its different nuances in the face of technologies, which can contribute as auxiliary tools in the emancipation process of human beings in order to become more reflective, critical and creative. With advances in technologies, we observe rapid changes in society, and the same with the body. It is necessary to debate the interrelationships that occur in society between technology, body and education as a historical and continuous process of transformations involving cultural, economic, political, social issues that have (re)configured the role of the Physical Education teacher with “new” knowledge and skills in the school environment.Keywords: Physical Education. Body. Technology. Education. Tecnología, cuerpo y educación física: entre la formación y la práctica docenteResumenEste ensayo tiene como objetivo reflejar las relaciones entre la formación en Educación Física, el móvil y las tecnologías en la educación escolar. Entendemos que la Educación Física necesita comprender este cuerpo y sus diferentes matices de cara a las tecnologías, que pueden contribuir como herramientas auxiliares en el proceso de emancipación del ser humano para volverse más reflexivo, crítico y creativo. Con los avances de la tecnología observamos cambios rápidos en la sociedad, y lo mismo ocurre con el cuerpo. Es necesario debatir las interrelaciones que se dan en la sociedad entre tecnología, cuerpo y educación como un proceso histórico y continuo de transformaciones que involucran cuestiones culturales, económicas, políticas, sociales que han (re) configurado el rol del docente de Educación Física con “nuevos” saberes, competencias en el entorno escolar.Palabras clave: Educación Física. Cuerpo. Tecnología. Educación.

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