scholarly journals Exposure to violence as an environmental pathway linking low socioeconomic status with altered neural processing of threat and adolescent psychopathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G Weissman ◽  
Maya L. Rosen ◽  
Natalie Colich ◽  
Kelly Sambrook ◽  
Liliana Lengua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Low childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased risk for psychopathology, due in part to heightened exposure to environmental adversity. Adverse experiences can be characterized along dimensions, including threat and deprivation, that contribute to psychopathology via distinct mechanisms. The current study investigated a neural mechanism through which threat and deprivation may contribute to socioeconomic disparities in psychopathology.Methods: Participants were 177 youths (83 female) aged 10-13 years recruited from a cohort followed since age 3. SES was assessed using the income-to-needs ratio at age 3. At age 10-13, restrospective and current exposure to adverse experiences and symptoms of psychopathology were assessed. At this same timepoint, participants also completed a face processing task (passive viewing of fearful and neutral faces) during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Results: Lower childhood SES was associated with greater exposure to threat and deprivation experiences. Both threat and deprivation were associated with higher depression symptoms, whereas threat experiences were uniquely linked to PTSD symptoms. Greater exposure to threat, but not deprivation, was associated with higher activation in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and precuneus to fearful compared to neutral faces. Precuneus activation in this contrast mediated the association between SES and PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Precuneus and dmPFC are hubs of the default mode network thought to be involved in internally directed attention and cognition. Greater engagement of these regions in response to threat cues may contribute to PTSD symptomatology. Threat and contributes to socioeconomic disparities in adolescent psychopathology through distinct neural mechanisms from deprivation.

scholarly journals Relation of Sociodemographics and Personal Hygiene on Different Childhood Dermatoses

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
E Gauchan ◽  
A Kumar ◽  
G BK ◽  
P Thapa ◽  
J Pun
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Skin diseases in children contribute to significant morbidity and psychological distress. Infective dermatoses are one of the major dermatoses in children. Low socioeconomic status, overcrowding and poor personal hygiene has been linked to skin diseases.Objective To find out the prevalence of infectious skin disease in children, rate of transmissible skin disease and association of sociodemographic factors and personal hygiene on infective childhood dermatoses.Method This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatric and Dermatology Department, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. A total of 226 patients were examined over a period of one year. Relation of sociodemographics, crowding and personal hygiene on skin disease were assessed.Result The most common category was Infections and Infestations (51.3%) followed by Dermatitis (27.9%) . Transmissible skin disease was seen in 49.6%. Low socioeconomic status and overcrowding were associated with increased risk for infective dermatoses.Conclusion Skin disease in children constitutes a public health problem. Improving the socioeconomic status and personal hygiene can help to reduce the incidence of skin disease in children.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.13(1) 2015; 29-33

Prolonged elevations in haemostatic and rheological responses following psychological stress in low socioeconomic status men and women

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Kunz-Ebrecht ◽  
Ann Rumley ◽  
Gordon Lowe ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Increased Risk

SummaryLow socioeconomic status (SES) and psychological stress are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, and both may influence haemostatic responses. Von Willebrand factor (vWF), Factor VIII, plasma viscosity, haematocrit, blood viscosity, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and fibrin D-dimer were measured at rest and following stressful tasks in 238 middle-aged British civil servants. SES was defined by grade of employment. Lower SES was associated with higher resting vWF, Factor VIII and plasma viscosity. Psychological stress stimulated increases in haemostatic and rheological factors. Initial stress responses did not vary with SES, but Factor VIII, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity remained more elevated 45 minutes post-stress in lower SES participants. High blood pressure stress reactivity was also associated with greater haemostatic responses. We conclude that lower SES is characterised by more prolonged elevations in procoagulant responses following psychological stress, and that these processes might contribute to increased cardiac risk.

scholarly journals Incidence of H. pylori in all Endoscopies Done at Saveetha Medical College over the Last Two Years (2018-2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
S. Kirthika ◽  
M. Vinoth
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Prompt Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
H Pylori

Background: H. pylori infection is a major health ailment in most of the developing countries. The infection is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric malignancies. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of H. pylori among patients tested positive for the same in Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam over the period of 2018-2020 and assess the incidence with factors like socioeconomic status, age and sex of the patients. Objectives: To determine the incidence of pylori for the patients who tested positive for the same over the period of 2018-2020. To assess the patients infected with pylori for various factors like age, sex and socioeconomic status. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective type of study. The patients who tested positive for H. pylori infection in Saveetha Medical College over the period of 2018-2020 was taken into study. A total of 300 H. pylori infected patients were assessed for various factors like age, sex and socioeconomic status. Results: Out of 300 patients who tested positive for H.pylori were categorized based on age sex and socioeconomic status. Among 300 infected patients, 230 turned out to be men while only 70 cases seen among women. The prevalence was high among the age group > 60 (n=150; 50%) while the 40-60 recorded the second highest number of cases (30% n=90). 20-40 was the least affected group. Most of the cases were associated with low socioeconomic status, alcohol and smoking which contributes to the increased risk of acquiring the H. pylori infection. Conclusion: The incidence of H. pylori infection is high among the study group. Hence it is essential to provide prompt treatment and take adequate measures to prevent the risk factors.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status during youth and risk of car crash during adulthood. Findings from the DRIVE cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214083
Author(s):  
Holger Mőller ◽  
Kris Rogers ◽  
Patricia Cullen ◽  
Teresa Senserrick ◽  
Soufiane Boufous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Car Crash ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Single Vehicle

BackgroundYoung drivers of low socioeconomic status (SES) have a disproportionally high risk of crashing compared with their more affluent counterparts. Little is known if this risk persists into adulthood and if it differs between men and women.MethodsWe used data from a 2003/2004 Australian survey of young drivers (n=20 806), which included measures of drivers’ demographics and established crash risk factors. These data were linked to police-reported crash, hospital and death data up to 2016. We used negative binomial regression models to estimate the association between participants’ SES, with car crash.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding, drivers of lowest SES had 1.30 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.42), 1.90 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.88), 3.09 (95% CI 2.41 to 3.95) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.85 to 2.82) times higher rate of crash, crash-related hospitalisation, crash in country areas and crash on streets with a speed limit of 80 km/hour or above compared with drivers of highest SES, respectively. For single-vehicle crashes, women in the lowest SES groups had 2.88 (95% CI 1.83 to 4.54) times higher rate of crash compared with those in the highest SES group, but no differences were observed for men from different SES groups.ConclusionYoung drivers who lived in areas of low SES at the time of the survey had a sustained increased risk of crash over the following 13 years compared with drivers from the most affluent areas. Our findings suggest that in addition to traditional measures, road transport injury prevention needs to consider the wider social determinants of health.

scholarly journals Low socioeconomic status relates to asthma and wheeze, especially in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 00258-2019
Author(s):  
Christian Schyllert ◽  
Anne Lindberg ◽  
Linnea Hedman ◽  
Caroline Stridsman ◽  
Martin Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Increased Risk

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with asthma and wheezing. Occupational group, educational level and income are commonly used indicators for SES, but no single indicator can illustrate the entire complexity of SES. The aim was to investigate how different indicators of SES associate with current asthma, allergic and nonallergic, and asthmatic wheeze.In 2016, a random sample of the population aged 20–79 years in Northern Sweden were invited to a postal questionnaire survey, with 58% participating (n=6854). The survey data were linked to the national Integrated Database for Labour Market Research by Statistics Sweden for the previous calendar year, 2015. Included SES indicators were occupation, educational level and income.Manual workers had increased risk for asthmatic wheeze, and manual workers in service for current asthma, especially allergic asthma. Primary school education associated with nonallergic asthma, whereas it tended to be inversely associated with allergic asthma. Low income was associated with asthmatic wheeze. Overall, the findings were more prominent among women, and interaction analyses between sex and income revealed that women, but not men, with low income had an increased risk both for asthmatic wheeze and current asthma, especially allergic asthma.To summarise, the different indicators of socioeconomic status illustrated various aspects of associations between low SES and asthma and wheeze, and the most prominent associations were found among women.

scholarly journals Social Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Risk and Survival: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Steven S. Coughlin ◽  
Steven S. Coughlin ◽  
Lufei Young
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Social determinants of health that have been examined in relation to myocardial infarction incidence and survival include socioeconomic status (income, education), neighbourhood disadvantage, immigration status, social support, and social network. Other social determinants of health include geographic factors such as neighbourhood access to health services. Socioeconomic factors influence risk of myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction incidence rates tend to be inversely associated with socioeconomic status. In addition, studies have shown that low socioeconomic status is associated with increased risk of poorer survival. There are well-documented disparities in myocardial infarction survival by socioeconomic status, race, education, and census-tract-level poverty. The results of this review indicate that social determinants such as neighbourhood disadvantage, immigration status, lack of social support, and social isolation also play an important role in myocardial infarction risk and survival. To address these social determinants and eliminate disparities, effective interventions are needed that account for the social and environmental contexts in which heart attack patients live and are treated.

Abstract 13852: Socioeconomic Status is Associated With Recurrent Cardiovascular Disease Events in People With Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Mathews ◽  
Ning Ding ◽  
Yejin Mok ◽  
Matthew S Loop ◽  
Amira Collison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Income Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: While low socioeconomic status (SES) is an established risk factor for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), there is scarce data regarding the association between SES and recurrent CVD events. Hypothesis: SES measures are associated with recurrent CVD events and mortality among those with prevalent CVD. Methods: We examined 3,031 individuals in the ARIC Study who developed CVD (either myocardial infarction [MI], heart failure [HF] or stroke) from the baseline visit (1987-1989) through 2013 to allow 5 years follow-up for recurrent CVD. SES was defined using baseline measures of income, education and area deprivation index (ADI), modeled individually and combined in a cumulative SES score. We used adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression to evaluate the associations of SES with composite and individual outcomes of first recurrent CVD and mortality. Results: Median age was 69 years, 49% were female, 29% Black. Over a median follow up of 4.6 years, 2,033 participants (67%) had a recurrent CVD event, and 2,202 (73%) died. Relative to the highest income group, being in the lowest income group was associated with higher risk for recurrent CVD (HR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07-1.51) and mortality (HR 1.32; 95% CI: 1.12-1.56) ( Table ). Similarly, less than high school education was associated with increased risk of recurrent CVD (HR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04-1.51) and mortality (HR 1.21; 95% CI: 1.01-1.45). No significant outcome associations were seen for ADI. Low cumulative SES was associated with approximately 20% higher risk of recurrent CVD, total mortality and the composite of recurrent CVD and mortality. Similar patterns were seen for individual subtypes of CVD, with the strongest SES-mortality associations for MI and stroke. Conclusions: In the high-risk group of individuals with existing CVD, low SES was linked to greater likelihood of recurrent CVD events and death. SES should be a focus in the design of secondary prevention efforts to improve outcomes in CVD.

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