scholarly journals Situational boundary conditions of digital stress: Goal conflict and autonomy frustration make smartphone use more stressful

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Gilbert ◽  
Susanne Baumgartner ◽  
Leonard Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Goal Conflict ◽  
Media Multitasking ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Conditional Effects ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Digital Stress

Permanent connectedness via smartphones can negatively affect users by eliciting stress. Past research focused on the stress-inducing potential of overt behaviours, such as communication load and media multitasking. The cognitive engagement with online interactions (online vigilance) has only recently received attention. Additionally, previous findings were inconsistent, suggesting that conditional effects may be at play. A preregistered experience sampling study (N = 130; 1,427 use episodes) investigated relationships of cognitive (online vigilance) and behavioural (communication load, media multitasking) smartphone use patterns with perceived stress and introduced two situational boundary conditions (goal conflict, autonomy need dissatisfaction). Results demonstrate the strong potential of the mental salience of online interactions to induce stress. By increasing communication load, online vigilance indirectly predicted stress. Goal conflict and autonomy need dissatisfaction moderated the influence of online vigilance and media multitasking on perceived stress. Findings are discussed in the context of social pressures and self-control of smartphone use.

(How) Does Initial Self-Control Undermine Later Self-Control in Daily-Life?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wilkowski
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Goal Conflict ◽  
Strength Model ◽  
Subjective Fatigue

Past research suggests that self-control lapses occur more frequently following demanding experiences in daily-life. However, the reason for these effects is debated. Three studies were therefore conducted to better understand self-control lapses. Exploratory analyses were conducted in Study 1 to identify possible effects. Studies 2-3 evaluated these effects’ reliability. Two patterns were identified. First, initial desire-goal conflict predicted later increases in subjective fatigue. This was in turn related to less effective self-control-attempts. Second, initial self-control-attempts also led participants to enact desires more frequently. This latter effect occurred even when (and perhaps especially when) those later desires were not resisted. In contrast, the strength model of self-control did not receive support, as initial self-control attempts did not affect the success of subsequent self-control attempts. These studies therefore suggest initial self-control does play an important role in producing later self-control lapses - just a different role than predicted by the strength model.

(How) Does Initial Self-Control Undermine Later Self-Control in Daily Life?

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1315-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Wilkowski ◽  
Elizabeth Louise Ferguson ◽  
Laverl Z. Williamson ◽  
Shaun K. Lappi
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Goal Conflict ◽  
Strength Model ◽  
Subjective Fatigue

Past research suggests that self-control lapses occur more frequently following demanding experiences in daily life. However, the reason for these effects is debated. Three studies were therefore conducted to better understand self-control lapses. Exploratory analyses were conducted in Study 1 to identify possible effects. Studies 2 and 3 evaluated these effects’ reliability. Two patterns were identified. First, initial desire–goal conflict predicted later increases in subjective fatigue. This was in turn related to less effective self-control attempts. Second, initial self-control attempts also led participants to enact desires more frequently. This latter effect occurred even when (and perhaps especially when) those later desires were not resisted. In contrast, the strength model of self-control did not receive support, as initial self-control attempts did not affect the success of subsequent self-control attempts. These studies therefore suggest initial self-control does play an important role in producing later self-control lapses—just a different role than predicted by the strength model.

scholarly journals Digital detox: An effective solution in the smartphone era? A systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 205015792110286
Author(s):  
Theda Radtke ◽  
Theresa Apel ◽  
Konstantin Schenkel ◽  
Jan Keller ◽  
Eike von Lindern
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Digital Detox

Smartphone use, e.g., on social network sites or instant messaging, can impair well-being and is related to clinical phenomena, like depression. Digital detox interventions have been suggested as a solution to reduce negative impacts from smartphone use on outcomes like well-being or social relationships. Digital detox is defined as timeouts from using electronic devices (e.g., smartphones), either completely or for specific subsets of smartphone use. However, until now, it has been unclear whether digital detox interventions are effective at promoting a healthy way of life in the digital era. This systematic literature review aimed to answer the question of whether digital detox interventions are effective at improving outcomes like health and well-being, social relationships, self-control or performance. Systematic searches of seven databases were carried out according to PRISMA guidelines, and intervention studies were extracted that examined timeouts from smartphone use and/or smartphone-related use of social network sites and instant messaging. The review yielded k = 21 extracted studies (total N = 3,625 participants). The studies included interventions in the field, from which 12 were identified as randomized controlled trials. The results showed that the effects from digital detox interventions varied across studies on health and well-being, social relationships, self-control, or performance. For example, some studies found positive intervention effects, whereas others found no effect or even negative consequences for well-being. Reasons for these mixed findings are discussed. Research is needed to examine mechanisms of change to derive implications for the development of successful digital detox interventions.

Permanently Online—Always Stressed Out? The Effects of Permanent Connectedness on Stress Experiences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Freytag ◽  
Katharina Knop-Huelss ◽  
Adrian Meier ◽  
Leonard Reinecke ◽  
Dorothée Hefner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Media Multitasking ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Cognitive Orientation ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Cognitive Salience

Abstract Concerns have been expressed that permanent online connectedness might negatively affect media user’s stress levels. Most research has focused on negative effects of specific media usage patterns, such as media multitasking or communication load. In contrast, users’ cognitive orientation toward online content and communication has rarely been investigated. Against this backdrop, we examined whether this cognitive orientation (i.e., online vigilance with its three dimensions salience, reactibility, monitoring) is related to perceived stress at different timescales (person, day, and situation level), while accounting for the effects of multitasking and communication load. Results across three studies showed that, in addition to multitasking (but not communication load), especially the cognitive salience of online communication is positively related to stress. Our findings are discussed regarding mental health implications and the origins of stress.

scholarly journals Linking Phubbing Behavior to Self-Reported Attentional Failures and Media Multitasking

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Kayla S. Sansevere ◽  
Nathan Ward
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Media Multitasking ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Attentional Lapses ◽  
Use Behavior

Phubbing, or using a phone to snub another person, has been investigated through social and personality frameworks. Phubbing involves attending to and performing competing tasks, implying the involvement of attentional abilities. Yet, past research has not yet used a cognitive framework to establish a link between phubbing and attention. Using self-report data from a large online sample, we explored the associations between phubbing and everyday attentional failures. Phubbing was associated with difficulties in attentional shifting and distractibility, frequent attentional lapses, spontaneous and deliberate mind wandering, and attention-related cognitive errors. When examining these attention variables alongside several psychosocial and personality variables, attention-related cognitive errors acted as the biggest predictor of phubbing behavior. Phubbing was also positively correlated with media multitasking, which is a conceptually similar yet distinct technology use behavior. The results suggest that perceived everyday attentional failures are strongly associated with, and to an extent can predict, phubbing behavior, even more so than some social and personality variables. Technology has incorporated itself as a necessity, or at the very least a favored convenience, in most people’s lives. Characterizing technology multitasking behaviors from a variety of frameworks can help us better understand who is engaging in these behaviors and why.

scholarly journals Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies of Healthcare Workers in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-83
Author(s):  
T.V. Doronina ◽  
A.E. Okulova ◽  
E.V. Arcishevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Behavior Strategies

In 2020, the world faced the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical workers who are fighting for the lives and health of patients in the "red zones" were on the front line in this struggle. The huge level of responsibility, the increasing duration of shifts, difficult working conditions, fears for their health and the health of their loved ones, and many other factors determined the fact that doctors themselves began to need support for their physical and psychological well-being. The purpose of our work was to study the level of perceived stress in the context of the features of coping strategies in medical professionals with different practical experience (students, practicing doctors) in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The total number of study participants was 59 people, including 35 experienced medical workers aged 33 to 72 years (M=47,88; SD=9,44) and 24 medical students aged 20 to 29 years (M=24,16; SD=3,21) without professional experience, but who voluntarily went to work in the "red zones" during the pandemic. As a result of the study, data were obtained on high levels of perceived stress and overstrain by medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is especially pronounced in students. The differences between experienced doctors and medical students were revealed according to the criterion of their preference for certain coping strategies, namely, the predominance of "Escape–avoidance" coping among students. The connection of dominant coping behavior strategies with the level of perceived stress is also established: students who resort to confrontational coping experience a higher level of perceived stress, and a decrease in their level of overexertion is associated with a greater degree of self-control strategy. Experienced doctors do not have both of these connections.

scholarly journals The Italian Version of Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-I) for Adolescents: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Relation with Self-Control and Internalized-Externalized Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Bassi ◽  
Adriana Lis ◽  
Tatiana Marci ◽  
Silvia Salcuni
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe increased smartphone use in adolescence has led clinicians and researchers to carry out in-depth studies on the matter. Adolescents seem to be at risk of smartphone addiction because they are yet to develop self-control in smartphone use. This psychometric study aimed at examining the levels of validity evidence for the Smartphone Addiction Inventory-Italian (SPAI-I) version for adults, among adolescents. Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the factor structure of the SPAI-I version for adults among adolescents but not the exploratory factor structure for adults of the original Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI). Convergent validity was assessed by examining the relationship between SPAI-I, self-control, and internalized and externalized problems. A total of 446 Italian adolescents (mean age = 16.04, SD = 1.72, 36.3% males) completed the Self-Restraint Subscale of the Adolescent Self-Consciousness and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires—with a specific focus on the subscales of internalized and externalized problems. Present findings suggested that the SPAI-I version could be used to assess smartphone overuse among adolescents according to a multidimensional perspective.

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