scholarly journals What it is like to be a bit: An Integrated Information Decomposition account of emergent mental phenomena

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea I. Luppi ◽  
Pedro Mediano ◽  
Fernando Rosas ◽  
David J. Harrison ◽  
Robin Carhart-Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Formal Argument ◽  
Conscious Processing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Integrated Information

A central question in neuroscience concerns the relationship between consciousness and its physical substrate. Here, we argue that a richer characterisation of consciousness can be obtained by viewing it not as a monolithic construct, but rather as constituted of distinct information-theoretic elements. In other words, we propose a shift from quantification of consciousness - viewed as integrated information - to its decomposition. Through this approach, termed Integrated Information Decomposition (ΦID), we lay out a formal argument that whether the consciousness of a given system is an emergent phenomenon depends on its information-theoretic composition - thus providing a principled answer to the long-standing dispute on the relationship between consciousness and emergence. Furthermore, we show that two organisms may attain the same amount of integrated information, yet differ in its information-theoretic composition. Building on ΦID’s revised understanding of integrated information, termed ΦR, we also introduce the notion of ΦR-ing rate to quantify how efficiently an entity uses information for conscious processing. A combination of ΦR and ΦR-ing rate may provide an important way to compare the neural basis of different aspects of consciousness. Thus, decomposition of consciousness enables us to identify qualitatively different ‘modes of consciousness,’ which establish a common space for mapping the phenomenology of different conscious states. We outline both theoretical and empirical avenues to carry out such mapping between phenomenology and information-theoretic modes, starting from a central feature of everyday consciousness: selfhood. Overall, Integrated Information Decomposition yields rich new ways to explore the relationship between information, consciousness, and its emergence from neural dynamics.

scholarly journals What it is like to be a bit: an integrated information decomposition account of emergent mental phenomena

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea I Luppi ◽  
Pedro A M Mediano ◽  
Fernando E Rosas ◽  
David J Harrison ◽  
Robin L Carhart-Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Formal Argument ◽  
Conscious Processing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Integrated Information

Abstract A central question in neuroscience concerns the relationship between consciousness and its physical substrate. Here, we argue that a richer characterization of consciousness can be obtained by viewing it as constituted of distinct information-theoretic elements. In other words, we propose a shift from quantification of consciousness—viewed as integrated information—to its decomposition. Through this approach, termed Integrated Information Decomposition (ΦID), we lay out a formal argument that whether the consciousness of a given system is an emergent phenomenon depends on its information-theoretic composition—providing a principled answer to the long-standing dispute on the relationship between consciousness and emergence. Furthermore, we show that two organisms may attain the same amount of integrated information, yet differ in their information-theoretic composition. Building on ΦID’s revised understanding of integrated information, termed ΦR, we also introduce the notion of ΦR-ing ratio to quantify how efficiently an entity uses information for conscious processing. A combination of ΦR and ΦR-ing ratio may provide an important way to compare the neural basis of different aspects of consciousness. Decomposition of consciousness enables us to identify qualitatively different ‘modes of consciousness’, establishing a common space for mapping the phenomenology of different conscious states. We outline both theoretical and empirical avenues to carry out such mapping between phenomenology and information-theoretic modes, starting from a central feature of everyday consciousness: selfhood. Overall, ΦID yields rich new ways to explore the relationship between information, consciousness, and its emergence from neural dynamics.

scholarly journals Area Entropy and Quantized Mass of Black Holes from Information Theory

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 858
Author(s):  
Dongshan He ◽  
Qingyu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Quantum Corrections ◽  
Compton Wavelength ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Thermodynamic Entropy ◽  
Hole Area ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, we present a derivation of the black hole area entropy with the relationship between entropy and information. The curved space of a black hole allows objects to be imaged in the same way as camera lenses. The maximal information that a black hole can gain is limited by both the Compton wavelength of the object and the diameter of the black hole. When an object falls into a black hole, its information disappears due to the no-hair theorem, and the entropy of the black hole increases correspondingly. The area entropy of a black hole can thus be obtained, which indicates that the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is information entropy rather than thermodynamic entropy. The quantum corrections of black hole entropy are also obtained according to the limit of Compton wavelength of the captured particles, which makes the mass of a black hole naturally quantized. Our work provides an information-theoretic perspective for understanding the nature of black hole entropy.

scholarly journals On the complexity of assimilation in urban communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renita Murimi
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Information Theoretic Measures ◽  
Urban Complex ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractCities are microcosms representing a diversity of human experience. The complexity of urban systems arises from this diversity, where the services that cities offer to their inhabitants have to be tailored for their unique requirements. This paper studies the complexity of urban environments in terms of the assimilation of its communities. We examine the urban assimilation complexity with respect to the foreignness between communities and formalize the level of complexity using information-theoretic measures. Our findings contribute to a sociological perspective of the relationship between urban complex systems and the diversity of communities that make up urban systems.

scholarly journals Implementasi Metode Hot Fit Dalam Evaluasi Kesiapan Pengguna Sistem Informasi Akademik Terintegrasi

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 132-144
Author(s):  
Vivi Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Human Organization ◽  
Organizational Unit ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Integrated Information System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Integrated Information

- Integrated Information System can provide support in providing data and information that integrates all of the organizational unit concerned. Implementation of an integrated information system in an organization will bring a change in the organization. Acceptance and rejection of the adoption and implementation of the Information System will occur and the turmoil in the organization. To see the extent of the readiness of the adoption of an integrated information system that required an evaluation of the process. Variable Human, Organization and Technology is essential and fundamental that influence the successful adoption and implementation of information systems in an organization. In this study, the method used is the method HOT fit, this model puts an important component in the information system that is human, organization and technology  and the suitability of the relationship such as the determinants for the successful adoption and implementation of a system integrated information Academic Affairs College. Analysis will be done through hypothesis testing, Test Validity and Reliability. Results of the analysis will be described in terms of quantitative tests that have been carried out.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Auditory Continuity Illusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianyi Cao ◽  
Noah Parks ◽  
Joshua H. Goldwyn
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Noise Burst ◽  
Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Continuous Responses ◽  
Conceptual Explanations

Illusions give intriguing insights into perceptual and neural dynamics. In the auditory continuity illusion, two brief tones separated by a silent gap may be heard as one continuous tone if a noise burst with appropriate characteristics fills the gap. This illusion probes the conditions under which listeners link related sounds across time and maintain perceptual continuity in the face of sudden changes in sound mixtures. Conceptual explanations of this illusion have been proposed, but its neural basis is still being investigated. In this work we provide a dynamical systems framework, grounded in principles of neural dynamics, to explain the continuity illusion. We construct an idealized firing rate model of a neural population and analyze the conditions under which firing rate responses persist during the interruption between the two tones. First, we show that sustained inputs and hysteresis dynamics (a mismatch between tone levels needed to activate and inactivate the population) can produce continuous responses. Second, we show that transient inputs and bistable dynamics (coexistence of two stable firing rate levels) can also produce continuous responses. Finally, we combine these input types together to obtain neural dynamics consistent with two requirements for the continuity illusion as articulated in a well-known theory of auditory scene analysis: responses persist through the noise-filled gap if noise provides sufficient evidence that the tone continues and if there is no evidence of discontinuities between the tones and noise. By grounding these notions in a quantitative model that incorporates elements of neural circuits (recurrent excitation, and mutual inhibition, specifically), we identify plausible mechanisms for the continuity illusion. Our findings can help guide future studies of neural correlates of this illusion and inform development of more biophysically-based models of the auditory continuity illusion.

scholarly journals Code-Switching, Language Emotionality and Identity in Junot Díaz’s “Invierno”

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
María Jesús Sánchez ◽  
Elisa Pérez-García
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
First Language ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Activity ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Code-switching (CS) is a linguistic activity typical of bilingual speakers, and thus, a central feature characterising Latino/a literature. The present study reads Junot Díaz’s “Invierno,” a short story from This Is How You Lose Her (2012), with a focus on the oral code-switches that the bilingual Latino/a characters make from English—their second language (L2)—to Spanish—their first language (L1). More specifically, it explores the relationship between CS, language emotionality and identity. The Spanish code-switches are analysed in terms of the emotionality degree they elicit and, linguistically, according to frequency and type—intersentential CS, intrasentential CS and tag-switching. The results reveal a low percentage of Spanish vocabulary, which, nevertheless, fills the story with Latino-Dominican touches and transports the reader to the Caribbean lifestyle. This is probably due to the fact that most are emotionally charged words and expressions, which supports the idea that the frequency of CS to L1 increases when talking about emotional topics with known interlocutors. Thefindings suggest that the L1 and the L2 play different roles in the characters’ lives: the former is preferred for cultural and emotional expressions and is the language the one they identify with more, while the latter is colder and more objective.

Maize and Mississippian Beginnings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber M. Vanderwarker ◽  
Dana N. Bardolph ◽  
C. Margaret Scarry
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The adoption and intensification of maize (Zea mays) farming has long been a topic of interest in Mississippian archaeology. At various times throughout the development and definition of “Mississippian” as a cultural tradition, maize has been cast as a central feature of Mississippian adaptation, alongside a suite of other traits that include long-distance exchange, platform mound building, and the development of ranked social systems. In (re-)considering the topic of Mississippian beginnings, we continue to interrogate the nature of the relationship between maize farming and Mississippian origins. Our archaeological review of regional patterns of plant production (archaeobotanical results) and plant consumption (isotopic results) reveals that Mississippians throughout southeastern and midwestern North America produced and consumed maize, but varied significantly in their levels of production and consumption.

A Portrait of the Artist

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-79
Author(s):  
David Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Central Feature ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Knowledge Of God ◽  
Great Thing ◽  
Literary Art ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides a background of Maimonides and his code of Jewish law, the Mishneh torah. Maimonides applied the highest literary art to the highest of tasks: to bequeath, as philosopher-statesman, a law that would regulate the life of the individual and of society and move people closer to the knowledge of God. The result of that art is a book to be read and experienced, not just consulted. The central feature of Mishneh torah as a work of art is the casting of the commandments of the law in the form of the cosmos. The microcosmic form suggests, in the first place, that studying Mishneh torah, like the study of the universe, can be a way to the knowledge and love of God. On the plane of ideas, this form embodies the relationship between the ‘small thing’ and the ‘great thing’, between halakhah, on the one hand, and physics and metaphysics on the other. It depicts philosophy as the matrix of halakhah, reflecting the view of the relationship between philosophy and religion in the Islamic philosophers.

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