Inclusion of the other in the self as a potential risk factor for prolonged grief disorder: A comparison of patients with matched bereaved healthy controls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavia Harrison ◽  
Sabine Windmann ◽  
Rita Rosner ◽  
Regina Steil
Keyword(s):  
Mental Distress ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Pathological Grief ◽  
The Impact

Pathological grief has received increasing attention in recent years, as about A10% of the bereaved suffer from one kind it. Pathological grief in the form of Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a relatively new diagnostic category which has been introduced into the ICD-11 beta version in 2018. To date, various risk and protective factors, as well as treatment options for pathological grief, have been proposed. Nevertheless, empirical evidence in that area is still scarce. Our aim was to identify the impact interpersonal closeness with the deceased has on bereavement outcome.Interpersonal closeness with the deceased in 54 participants (27 patients suffering from PGD and 27 bereaved healthy controls) was assessed as the overlap of pictured identities via the Inclusion of the Other in the Self Scale (IOS-scale). In addition to that, data on PGD symptomatology, general mental distress, and depression were collected.Patients suffering from PGD reported higher inclusion of the deceased in the self. By contrast, they reported feeling less close towards another living close person. Results of the IOS-scale were associated with PGD-severity, general mental distress, and depression. Inclusion of the deceased in the self is a significant statistical predictor for PGD-caseness.

Homogeneity, “glocalism” or somewhere in between?

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 288-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Cecilia de Burgh-Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pierre Loti ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This paper aims to expand current theories of globalisation to a consideration of its impact on the individual. Much work has been done on the impact of globalisation on social, political and economic structures. In this paper, globalisation, for the individual, reflects a re-conceptualisation of the Self/Other encounter. In order to explore this Self/Other dimension, the paper analyses the literary work of nineteenth-century writer Pierre Loti since his work begins to problematise this important motif. His work also provides insight into the effect on the individual when encountering the Other in a globalised context. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing from literary criticism, the paper adopts an interpretive approach. Using the fiction and non-fiction work of Pierre Loti, an integrated psychoanalytical, postcolonial analysis is conducted to draw out possible insights into how Loti conceptualises the Other and is thus transformed himself. Findings – The paper finds that the Self/Other encounter shifts in the era of globalisation. The blurring of the Self/Other is part of the impact of globalisation on the individual. Further, the paper argues that Loti was the first to problematise Self/Other at a point in history where the distinction seemed clear. Loti's work is instructive for tracing the dissolution of the Self/Other encounter since the themes and issues raised in his early work foreshadow our contemporary experience of globalisation. Research limitations/implications – This paper takes a specific view of globalisation through an interpretive lens. It also uses one specific body of work to answer the research question of what impact globalisation has on the individual. A broader sampling and application of theoretical strains out of the literary criticism canon would expand the parameters of this study. Originality/value – This paper makes an original contribution to current theorisations of globalisation in that it re-conceptualises classical understandings of the Self/Other divide. The finding that the Self/Other divide is altered in the current era of globalisation has impact for cultural and marketing theory since it re-focuses attention on the shifting nature of identity and how we encounter the Other in our daily existence.

scholarly journals Understanding The Impact Of Gender By Imagining The Self As The Other Gender: A Role-Play Writing Assignment

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Black
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Role Play ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Class Discussions ◽  
Writing Assignment ◽  
The Impact

To encourage students to think about and understand the considerable role gender plays in their lives, a writing assignment early in a gender course asks them to consider the impact of permanently becoming the other gender.  Students’ papers were examined for particular themes, which were used to illustrate course concepts and to spark class discussions.  For example, some students wrote that they must learn how to be the other gender, which leads to a discussion about the sources of gender differences.  Other themes as well as suggestions for expanding the assignment are discussed.  

scholarly journals Fragile Pluralism

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Hans-Georg Soeffner
Keyword(s):  
Social World ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Tendency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interdisciplinary Journal

This essay first appeared in German in Magdalena Tzaneva, ed. Nachtflug der Eule: 150 Stimmen zum Werk von Niklas Luhmann. Gedenkbuch zum 15. Todestag von Niklas Luhmann (8. Dezember 1927 Lüneburg – 6. November 1998 Oerlinghausen). Berlin: LiDi EuropEdition (2013), 73–100. A shorter version of the essay was published in Hans-Georg Soeffner, and Thea D. Boldt, eds. Fragiler Pluralismus, Wiesbaden: VS Springer (2014), 207–24. The present translation for Entangled Religions – Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Religious Contact and Transfer is by Nicola Morris.   The article describes the emergence of pluralism within the process of globalization and the impact of this development upon individuals communication and the definitions of the ‘self’ and the ‘Other’. The author illustrates the pitfalls of the human tendency to view the world from an ethnocentric perspective and with the corresponding attitude. He argues that in ‘open societies’, successful citizens will be capable of recognising and articulating distinctions between individuals, as well as between groups, beliefs, lifestyles and attitudes. These citizens must also be aware and capable of adapting for their purposes the full repertoire of language games and role games in their social world, in order to perceive and utilise comprehensive systems such as frameworks for cooperation. These skills will help them implement ‘maxims of communication’ and ‘existential hypotheses’.

Survivor Guilt and Chronic Illness

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Vamos
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survivor Guilt ◽  
Endstage Renal Disease ◽  
Supportive Psychotherapy ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Survivor Syndrome ◽  
Pathological Grief ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grief Reactions

Objective: To examine the grief reactions that may result in patients after a death occurs within a treatment setting for chronic illness, and in particular to look at the applicability of the concept of survivor guilt in these situations. Clinical picture: Two patients with endstage renal disease are described. Both presented states of pathological grief for fellow patients. Vulnerability existed in both patients in terms of previous unresolved mourning and in terms of strong feelings of comradeship with the dead patients. Both demonstrated features reminiscent of what has been termed the ‘survivor syndrome’. Treatment: The treatment involved supportive psychotherapy allowing exploration of grief and its relationship to current psychosomatic crises. Outcome: Supportive psychotherapy successfully aided the resolution in one patient and made some difference in the other. Conclusion: The impact of death within a treatment unit is emphasised. Surviving patients may have significant distress relating to such bereavement and may need appropriate intervention.

Prolonged Grief Disorder and Depression in Widows Due to the Rwandan Genocide

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schaal ◽  
Thomas Elbert ◽  
Frank Neuner
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Rwandan Genocide ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Pathological Grief ◽  
Nosological Entity ◽  
Correlational Matrix ◽  
Grief Reactions

Should pathological grief be viewed as a nosological category, separate from other forms of mental diseases? Diagnostic criteria for “Prolonged Grief Disorder” (PGD) have recently been specified by Prigerson and her coworkers. We interviewed a total of 40 widows who had lost their husbands during the Rwandan genocide in 1994. We assessed Major Depression using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) and prolonged grief reactions with the PG-13. In order to examine the distinctiveness of the two syndromes we performed a multitrait correlational matrix analysis using modified versions of Generalized Proximity Functions (GPFs). 12.5% ( n = 5) of the sample fulfilled the criteria for a diagnosis of PGD; 40% ( n = 16) met criteria for Major Depressive Episode. The two syndromes were strongly associated. No discriminant validity was found between the two constructs suggesting that PGD may rather be an appearance of depression than a separate nosological entity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Negative Symptoms and Neurocognition on Functioning in MDD and Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Feng Quek ◽  
Zixu Yang ◽  
Justin Dauwels ◽  
Jimmy Lee
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Negative symptoms, neurocognitive deficits and functional impairment are prevalent in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, unlike neurocognitive deficits, little is known about the role of negative symptoms toward functioning in individuals with MDD. On the other hand, both factors are well-studied in individuals with SCZ. Thus, this study aimed to examine the contributions of negative symptoms and neurocognitive impairments in functioning in individuals with MDD, compared to individuals with SCZ.Methods: Participants included 50 individuals with MDD, 49 individuals with SCZ and 49 healthy controls. The following measures were administered—Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA-16), Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and MIRECC-Global Assessment of Functioning (MIRECC-GAF) to evaluate negative symptoms, neurocognition, depressive symptoms, and functioning respectively.Results: Both MDD and SCZ groups had significantly more severe negative symptoms, depressive symptoms, and poorer functioning than healthy controls. Individuals with SCZ performed significantly poorer on the BACS than the other two groups. Both negative symptoms and neurocognition were significantly correlated with social and occupational functioning in SCZ. Motivation subdomain of the negative symptoms was significantly correlated with occupational functioning, while depressive symptoms correlated with functioning in MDD.Conclusion: Both negative symptoms and neurocognitive deficits appear to play differential roles on individual domains of functioning between MDD and SCZ. Future longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes should be done for a better understanding about the associations between the factors and functioning.

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