scholarly journals The Impact of Negative Symptoms and Neurocognition on Functioning in MDD and Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Feng Quek ◽  
Zixu Yang ◽  
Justin Dauwels ◽  
Jimmy Lee
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Negative symptoms, neurocognitive deficits and functional impairment are prevalent in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, unlike neurocognitive deficits, little is known about the role of negative symptoms toward functioning in individuals with MDD. On the other hand, both factors are well-studied in individuals with SCZ. Thus, this study aimed to examine the contributions of negative symptoms and neurocognitive impairments in functioning in individuals with MDD, compared to individuals with SCZ.Methods: Participants included 50 individuals with MDD, 49 individuals with SCZ and 49 healthy controls. The following measures were administered—Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA-16), Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and MIRECC-Global Assessment of Functioning (MIRECC-GAF) to evaluate negative symptoms, neurocognition, depressive symptoms, and functioning respectively.Results: Both MDD and SCZ groups had significantly more severe negative symptoms, depressive symptoms, and poorer functioning than healthy controls. Individuals with SCZ performed significantly poorer on the BACS than the other two groups. Both negative symptoms and neurocognition were significantly correlated with social and occupational functioning in SCZ. Motivation subdomain of the negative symptoms was significantly correlated with occupational functioning, while depressive symptoms correlated with functioning in MDD.Conclusion: Both negative symptoms and neurocognitive deficits appear to play differential roles on individual domains of functioning between MDD and SCZ. Future longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes should be done for a better understanding about the associations between the factors and functioning.

Depressive Symptoms in Dialysis: Prevalence and Relationship with Uremia-Related Biochemical Parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cirillo ◽  
Roberta Cutruzzulà ◽  
Chiara Somma ◽  
Marco Gregori ◽  
Giuseppe Cestone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Laboratory Variables ◽  
The Impact

Background: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in long-term dialysis patients and a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Although there is a relevance of the issue in the dialysis setting, we still know little about possible relationships between depression and uraemia-related biochemical abnormalities. Our aims were to evaluate (1) the prevalence of depression in our haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) population using a validated and easy-to-implement screening tool and (2) the association between depression and the main uraemia-related clinical and biochemical parameter changes. Methods: In this monocentric cross-sectional study, all patients of our centre with at least 3 months of dialysis were screened by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a self-administered depression-screening questionnaire validated in dialysis setting. The impact of depressive symptoms on daily life was also assessed. We then analysed relationships between the PHQ-9-derived depressive score, functional impairment score, demographic, clinical and laboratory variables. Results: In our cohort of 145 patients, depressive symptoms were found in 69 patients (46%). Stratifying for severity, mild, moderate and severe grade accounted for 31, 13 and 2% respectively. Depressive symptoms affected 36% of patients on PD versus 52% of patients on HD. Moreover, the PD patients had significantly less functional impairment derived from depressive symptoms than the HD patients. Simple and multiple regression analysis identified serum phosphorus as the only uraemia-related laboratory parameter that was high statistically associated with depressive score. Conclusions: Using a reliable, simple and fast tool, we found that depressive symptoms affect almost half of dialysis patients, particularly so the HD cohort. Severity of depressive symptoms seems related to serum levels of phosphorus possibly because depression affects compliance to therapy.

scholarly journals Mental Distress in the United States at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1628-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calliope Holingue ◽  
Luther G. Kalb ◽  
Kira E. Riehm ◽  
Daniel Bennett ◽  
Arie Kapteyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Completion Date ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental distress in US adults. Methods. Participants were 5065 adults from the Understanding America Study, a probability-based Internet panel representative of the US adult population. The main exposure was survey completion date (March 10–16, 2020). The outcome was mental distress measured via the 4-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire. Results. Among states with 50 or more COVID-19 cases as of March 10, each additional day was significantly associated with an 11% increase in the odds of moving up a category of distress (odds ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval = 1.01, 1.21; P = .02). Perceptions about the likelihood of getting infected, death from the virus, and steps taken to avoid infecting others were associated with increased mental distress in the model that included all states. Individuals with higher consumption of alcohol or cannabis or with history of depressive symptoms were at significantly higher risk for mental distress. Conclusions. These data suggest that as the COVID-19 pandemic continues, mental distress may continue to increase and should be regularly monitored. Specific populations are at high risk for mental distress, particularly those with preexisting depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms in Individuals after Stroke in a Home-Based Rehabilitation Setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Julianne Vermeer ◽  
Amanda McIntyre ◽  
Shannon Janzen ◽  
Danielle Rice ◽  
Laura Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Poststroke Depression ◽  
Rehabilitation Team ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Impact

Poststroke depression has been shown to affect rehabilitation progress. This study evaluated patients after stroke who actively participated in a home-based rehabilitation program to determine variables that correlated with depressive symptoms in this population. A retrospective review of patients who were provided rehabilitation by Community Stroke Rehabilitation Team clinicians between January 1, 2009, and September 30, 2015, was completed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine which demographic and outcome variables (Functional Independence Measure [FIM™] and Reintegration to Normal Living Index [RNLI]) were independently associated with depressive symptoms, as defined by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores. 889 patients (53.2% male, mean age = 69.8 years) were included. Based on PHQ-9 scores, 89.7% of patients presented with no or mild depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 < 10) and 10.3% were considered to have moderate to severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). The regression demonstrated that referral from outpatient, community care access centre, or community settings (OR = 1.89, p=0.04), low RNLI scores (OR = 0.92; p=0.001), and younger age (OR = 0.96; p<0.001) predicted patients having moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Given the impact of poststroke depression on rehabilitation, clinicians should consider the potential impact of referral source, community reintegration, and age when monitoring and treating depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Insight as a social identity process in the evolution of psychosocial functioning in the early phase of psychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Klaas ◽  
A. Clémence ◽  
R. Marion-Veyron ◽  
J.-P. Antonietti ◽  
L. Alameda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Early Intervention In Psychosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundAwareness of illness (insight) has been found to have contradictory effects for different functional outcomes after the early course of psychosis. Whereas it is related to psychotic symptom reduction and medication adherence, it is also associated with increased depressive symptoms. In this line, the specific effects of insight on the evolution of functioning over time have not been identified, and social indicators, such as socio-occupational functioning have barely been considered. Drawing from social identity theory we investigated the impact of insight on the development of psychosocial outcomes and the interactions of these variables over time.MethodThe participants, 240 patients in early phase of psychosis from the Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP) of the University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland, were assessed at eight time points over 3 years. Cross-lagged panel analyses and multilevel analyses were conducted on socio-occupational and general functioning [Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)] with insight, time and depressive symptoms as independent variables.ResultsResults from multilevel analyses point to an overall positive impact of insight on psychosocial functioning, which increases over time. Yet the cross-lagged panel analysis did not reveal a systematic positive and causal effect of insight on SOFAS and GAF scores. Depressive symptoms seem only to be relevant in the beginning of the treatment process.ConclusionsOur results point to a complex process in which the positive impact of insight on psychosocial functioning increases over time, even when considering depressive symptoms. Future studies and treatment approaches should consider the procedural aspect of insight.

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationships of P3b with Negative Symptoms and Neurocognition in Subjects with Chronic Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1632
Author(s):  
Giulia M. Giordano ◽  
Andrea Perrottelli ◽  
Armida Mucci ◽  
Giorgio Di Lorenzo ◽  
Mario Altamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Attention To Task ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Neurocognitive deficits and negative symptoms (NS) have a pivotal role in subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ) due to their impact on patients’ functioning in everyday life and their influence on goal-directed behavior and decision-making. P3b is considered an optimal electrophysiological candidate biomarker of neurocognitive impairment for its association with the allocation of attentional resources to task-relevant stimuli, an important factor for efficient decision-making, as well as for motivation-related processes. Furthermore, associations between P3b deficits and NS have been reported. The current research aims to fill the lack of studies investigating, in the same subjects, the associations of P3b with multiple cognitive domains and the expressive and motivation-related domains of NS, evaluated with state-of-the-art instruments. One hundred and fourteen SCZ and 63 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. P3b amplitude was significantly reduced and P3b latency prolonged in SCZ as compared to HCs. In SCZ, a positive correlation was found between P3b latency and age and between P3b amplitude and the Attention-vigilance domain, while no significant correlations were found between P3b and the two NS domains. Our results indicate that the effortful allocation of attention to task-relevant stimuli, an important component of decision-making, is compromised in SCZ, independently of motivation deficits or other NS.

scholarly journals Impact of Insomnia Symptoms on the Clinical Presentation of Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Population Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Ho Choi ◽  
Kwang Ik Yang ◽  
Chang-Ho Yun ◽  
Won-Joo Kim ◽  
Kyoung Heo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Objective: Insomnia and depression are prevalent disorders that often co-occur. This study aimed to investigate the impact of clinically significant insomnia symptoms on the prevalence and clinical presentation of clinically significant depressive symptoms and vice versa.Methods: This study used data from the Korean Headache-Sleep Study (KHSS), a nationwide cross-sectional population-based survey regarding headache and sleep. Clinically significant insomnia symptoms were defined as Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores ≥ 10 and clinically significant depressive symptoms were defined as Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores ≥ 10, respectively. We referred clinically significant insomnia symptoms and clinically significant depressive symptoms as insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms, respectively.Results: Of 2,695 participants, 290 (10.8%) and 116 (4.3%) were classified as having insomnia and depressive symptoms, respectively. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher among participants with insomnia symptoms than in those without insomnia symptoms (25.9 vs. 1.7%, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). Among participants with depressive symptoms, the PHQ-9 scores were not significantly different between participants with and without insomnia symptoms (P = 0.124). The prevalence of insomnia symptoms was significantly higher among participants with depressive symptoms than in those without depressive symptoms (64.7 vs. 8.3%, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). The ISI scores were significantly higher among participants with insomnia and depressive symptoms than in participants with insomnia symptoms alone (P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: Participants with depressive symptoms had a higher risk of insomnia symptoms than did those without depressive symptoms. The severity of depressive symptoms did not significantly differ based on insomnia symptoms among participants with depressive symptoms; however, the severity of insomnia symptoms was significantly higher in participants with depressive symptoms than in those without depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Naturalistic follow-up of co-morbid substance use in schizophrenia: the West London first-episode study

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Harrison ◽  
E. M. Joyce ◽  
S. H. Mutsatsa ◽  
S. B. Hutton ◽  
V. Huddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe impact of co-morbid substance use in first-episode schizophrenia has not been fully explored.MethodThis naturalistic follow-up of a cohort of 152 people with first-episode schizophrenia examined substance use and clinical outcome in terms of symptoms and social and neuropsychological function.ResultsData were collected on 85 (56%) of the patient cohort after a median period of 14 months. Over the follow-up period, the proportion of smokers rose from 60% at baseline to 64%. While 30% reported lifetime problem drinking of alcohol at baseline, only 15% had problem drinking at follow-up. Furthermore, while at baseline 63% reported lifetime cannabis use and 32% were currently using the drug, by the follow-up assessment the latter figure had fallen to 18.5%. At follow-up, persistent substance users had significantly more severe positive and depressive symptoms and greater overall severity of illness. A report of no lifetime substance use at baseline was associated with greater improvement in spatial working memory (SWM) at follow-up.ConclusionsPast substance use may impede recovery of SWM performance in people with schizophrenia in the year or so following first presentation to psychiatric services. The prevalence of substance use other than tobacco tends to diminish over this period, in the absence of specific interventions. Persistent substance use in first-episode schizophrenia is associated with more severe positive and depressive symptoms but not negative symptoms, and should be a target for specific treatment intervention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depressive symptoms in urban primary care settings: Botswana

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keneilwe Motlhatlhedi ◽  
Keneilwe Molebatsi ◽  
Grace N. Wambua
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Impact

Background: The prevalence of depression is estimated to be high in primary care settings, especially amongst people with chronic diseases. Early identification and management of depression can improve chronic disease outcomes and quality of life, however, there are many missed opportunities in primary care.Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of depression and depressive symptoms in two urban primary care settings.Setting: The study was conducted at two primary care facilities in the capital city of Botswana.Methods: We administered a demographic questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to adults attending two primary care facilities. The association between depressive symptoms and demographic variables was determined using Chi-square; level of significance was set at 0.05. We carried out a multivariate analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the association between demographic characteristics and depression.Results: A sample of 259 participants were recruited (66.8% women, median age 32). The mean PHQ-9 score was 8.71. A total of 39.8% of participants screened positive for depression at a cut-off of 9.0% and 35.1% at a cut-off of 10. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with employment status and income using the Kruskal-Wallis test, χ2 (1) = 5.649, p = 0.017.Conclusion: The high rates of depressive symptoms amongst the study population highlight the need for depression screening in primary care settings. The association between unemployment and income underscore the impact of socio-economic status on mental health in this setting.

scholarly journals Predicting Real-World Functioning in Schizophrenia: The Relative Contributions of Neurocognition, Functional Capacity, and Negative Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixu Yang ◽  
Soon Hong Lee ◽  
Nur Amirah Abdul Rashid ◽  
Yuen Mei See ◽  
Justin Dauwels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Real World ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Multnomah Community Ability Scale ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Objective Outcome ◽  
Additional Variance

Neurocognition and functional capacity are commonly reported predictors of real-world functioning in schizophrenia. However, the additional impact of negative symptoms, specifically its subdomains, i.e., diminished expression (DE) and avolition-apathy (AA), on real-world functioning remains unclear. The current study assessed 58 individuals with schizophrenia. Neurocognition was assessed with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, functional capacity with the UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment (UPSA-B), and negative symptoms with the Negative Symptom Assessment-16. Real-world functioning was assessed with the Multnomah Community Ability Scale (MCAS) with employment status as an additional objective outcome. Hierarchical regressions and sequential logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between the variables of interest. The results show that global negative symptoms contribute substantial additional variance in predicting MCAS and employment status above and beyond the variance accounted for by neurocognition and functional capacity. In addition, both AA and DE predict the MCAS after controlling for cognition and functional capacity. Only AA accounts for additional variance in employment status beyond that by UPSA-B. In summary, negative symptoms contribute substantial additional variance in predicting both real-world functioning and employment outcomes after accounting for neurocognition and functional capacity. Our findings emphasize both DE and AA as important treatment targets in functional recovery for people with schizophrenia.

Identifying depressive symptoms among diabetes type and the impact on hemoglobin A1c

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany A. Glick ◽  
K. Ming Chan Hong ◽  
Kathryn Obrynba ◽  
Manmohan K. Kamboj ◽  
Robert P. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Counseling Intervention ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackground:This study was designed to determine the effects of diabetes type and gender on depression risk determined by a highly sensitive screening questionnaire in adolescents. Glycemic control and counseling affect were also studied.Methods:A retrospective chart review of patients seen between 2013 and 2015 was performed. Five hundred and thirty adolescents with type 1 (T1DM) or 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to identify depressive symptoms. Hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) was measured when the PHQ-9 was given, and at 1 year. Patients with increased depression risk were referred for counseling and comparisons were made between those who did and did not attend.Results:Females with T2DM, but not males, had increased depression compared to T1DM. Females had increased depression compared to males in T1DM (p = 0.046) and a near significant increase in T2DM (p = 0.069). In T1DM, but not T2DM, HbA1clevels were increased in high and moderate, compared to low, risk depression risk groups (p = 0.007). Follow-up HbA1cwas unchanged 1 year later and there were no differences between those involved in counseling and those who refused to attend. Sex and type of diabetes had no effect on response to counseling.Conclusions:These results demonstrate increased depression in adolescents with T2DM compared to T1DM and in females compared to controls. Glycemic control did not change in adolescents who reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression and received counseling intervention compared to adolescents who declined counseling.

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