Infrastructure autopoiesis: requisite variety to engage complexity

Infrastructure systems must change to match the growing complexity of the environments they operate in. Yet the models of governance and the core technologies they rely on are structured around models of relative long-term stability that appear increasingly insufficient and even problematic. As the environments in which infrastructure function become more complex, infrastructure systems must adapt to develop a repertoire of responses sufficient to respond to the increasing variety of conditions and challenges. Whereas in the past infrastructure leadership and system design has emphasized organization strategies that primarily focus on exploitation (e.g., efficiency and production, amenable to conditions of stability), in the future they must create space for exploration, the innovation of what the organization is and does. They will need to create the abilities to maintain themselves in the face of growing complexity by creating the knowledge, processes, and technologies necessary to engage environment complexity. We refer to this capacity as infrastructure autopoiesis. In doing so infrastructure organizations should focus on four key tenets. First, a shift to sustained adaptation – perpetual change in the face of destabilizing conditions often marked by uncertainty – and away from rigid processes and technologies is necessary. Second, infrastructure organizations should pursue restructuring their bureaucracies to distribute more resources and decisionmaking capacity horizontally, across the organization’s hierarchy. Third, they should build capacity for horizon scanning, the process of systematically searching the environment for opportunities and threats. Fourth, they should emphasize loose fit design, the flexibility of assets to pivot function as the environment changes. The inability to engage with complexity can be expected to result in a decoupling between what our infrastructure systems can do and what we need them to do, and autopoietic capabilities may help close this gap by creating the conditions for a sufficient repertoire to emerge.

CONSTRUCTION OF ROTOR ANGLE IDENTIFIER IN VECTOR CONTROL SYSTEMS OF DOUBLE FEED MACHINES

In asynchronous electric drives with vector control on the rotor, it is necessary to calculate the value of the sine and cosine of the angle of rotation of the rotor relative to the stator to form control actions. When using angle sensors, complex structural tasks can arise — placement and reliable mounting of the sensor on the shaft and, accordingly, the task of the overall layout of the unit. For high-power machines, the tasks of developing and creating the design of the sensor itself arise. If serial rotor angular position sensors can be used, the task of placing and mounting the sensor is no less difficult. In these cases it is necessary to deduce the second end of a shaft from the case of the engine with contact rings that complicates its design. Therefore, the urgent need to create more reliable electric drives with vector control systems on the rotor is the synthesis of identifiers of the angle of rotation of the rotor. Identifiers are known whose calculation algorithms are based on determining the projections of the flow coupling vectors. In the work with the use of coordinate transducers of projections of stator or rotor current vectors and equations of electromagnetic circuits of an asynchronous machine, the synthesis and subsequent analysis of the properties of the rotor position angle identifier in vector control systems of dual power machines is performed. New equations of the identifier of flux couplings are received, its stability is investigated and on conditions of stability types of electric drives in which it is possible to apply the offered identifier are defined. The stability of the vector control system and sufficient identification accuracy when using the proposed equations and functions are confirmed by the method of mathematical modeling of the recommended electric drive systems in different operating modes.

Second-order stochastic differential equations: stability, dissipativity, periodicity. V. - A survey

Данная статья является продолжением предыдущей и представляет собой пятую, заключительную, часть работы автора. В работе делается обзор результатов исследований, касающихся свойств устойчивости, диссипативности и существования периодических решений стохастических дифференциальных уравнений и систем второго порядка. Приводятся результаты исследований, развивающие теорию устойчивости стохастических дифференциальных уравнений на основе модифицированного второго метода Ляпунова. Работа состоит из пяти частей. В первых двух частях были приведены предварительные сведения из теории вероятностей и случайных процессов, включая построение стохастических интегралов Ито и Стратоновича. В третьей части работы приведены некоторые факты из теории стохастических дифференциальных уравнений. Сформулированы теоремы существования и единственности для стохастических систем. В четвертой части приведены определения и даны основные сведения из теории устойчивости стохастических дифференциальных уравнений Ито. Общие теоремы об устойчивости, диссипативности и периодичности решений рассматриваемых систем сформулированы в терминах существования функций Ляпунова. В настоящей, пятой, части работы даны эффективные достаточные условия устойчивости по вероятности и экспоненциальной устойчивости в среднем квадратическом решений стохастических дифференциальных уравнений и систем второго порядка. Также даны достаточные условия диссипативности и периодичности случайных процессов, определяемых нелинейными дифференциальными уравнениями второго порядка со случайными правыми частями. В качестве примера рассматривается гармонический осциллятор, возмущенный белым шумом. В последнем разделе настоящей статьи сделан краткий обзор работ по стохастической устойчивости, которые характеризуют текущее состояние теории. This paper is a continuation of the previous papers and presents the fifth final part of the author’s work. The paper surveys the results concerning stability, dissipativity and periodicity properties of the second-order stochastic differential equations and systems. Some new developments in the theory of stability of stochastic differential equations based on the use of the modifying Lyapunov’s second method are presented. The work consists of five parts. In the first two parts we have introduced mathematical preliminaries from probability theory and stochastic processes including the construction of Ito and Stratonovich stochastic integrals. In the third part, some facts from the theory of stochastic differential equations are presented. The existence and uniqueness theorems for stochastic systems are formulated. In the fourth part, definitions are provided and basic facts from the theory of stability of stochastic differential equations are given. The basic general Lyapunov-like theorems on stochastic stability, dissipativity and periodicity for solutions of systems considered are formulated in the terms of the existence of Lyapunov functions. Here in the present fifth part, effective sufficient conditions of stability in probability, exponential stability in mean square for the second-order stochastic differential equations and systems are given. Also we give sufficient conditions for dissipativity and periodicity of random processes defined by nonlinear second-order differential equations with random right-hand sides. As an example the harmonic oscillator disturbed by white noise is considered. In the final section of the present paper, we briefly review some new publications related to stochastic stability that characterizes the state - of - the - art of the theory.

Transdisciplinary narrative discourse as a technological basis of financial interaction

The conditions for ensuring financial interaction based on the identification and transdisciplinary consolidation of financial resources and technologies are described. For this reason systems of interactive knowledge bases on financial resources and presentation of their semantics based on the formation of growing pyramidal networks in the analysis of financial narratives are outlined . The conditions of stability of systems of such knowledge on the basis of their representation in the format of transdisciplinary narrative discourse are determined. The conditions of atypical representation of linguistic constructs of financial knowledge in the process of their transformation into an interactive knowledge system are determined. The use of lambda calculus notation for the formation of stable states of transdisciplinary narrative discourse is proposed. Financial interaction is determined through the relationship between financial assets and related services. To formalize them, a metacategory of transdisciplinarity is introduced, which is defined in their verbal activity, reflexivity and recursiveness. Moreover, transdisciplinarity defines such hyperproperty as "consolidated information". This allows you to activate in the process of financial interaction, which is manifested in the format of a cognitive-communicative act between the relevant information resources and financial decision makers. The set of transformations of taxonomic diversity of financial documents into the format of narrative discourse is described. Taxonomic diversity is defined as a set of hierarchically related alternatives to provide multicriteria choices in financial decision making. An ontology of the choice problem is given, which provides a correct interpretation of the financial decision. It is proposed to implement financial solutions on the basis of the ontology of the problem of choice.

Solvency Evaluation Model of Insurance Company Based on Stochastic Differential Equation

Solvency assessment is the core content of insurance supervision. In this paper, from the perspective of capital flow, the insurance company’s capital flow is regarded as a dynamic system, the stochastic differential equations model is established to describe its flow characteristics, and the existence of positive equilibrium point of the system is proved, as well as the conditions of stability at equilibrium point, that is, the requirements of the insurance company’s solvency. Furthermore, by using the numerical simulation method, we get the strategy of insurance companies to deal with the solvency shortage when facing the change of external environment, and the strategy of insurance company to deal with solvency shortage is obtained.

Analysis of the conditions for the exhaustion of the stability margin in the rail track of freight cars with three-piece bogies

The research on improvement of methodical approaches to definition of the probable reasons of infringement of conditions of stability of freight cars from derailment is carried out. Using a basic computer model of the dy-namics of a freight car, the influence of the characteristics of the technical condition of their running gear and track on the indicators of empty cars stability from derailment was studied through the computational experi-ment. The article presents the main statements of the research methodology, which provides the analysis of probable causes of derailment of freight cars by conducting a series of numerical experiments with logging the progress of calculations and saving the results. Factor analysis was used to interpret the calculated data with an assessment of each of the factors influence or their combination on the probability of derailment. The developed procedure of the simulation experiment provides a step-by-step study of the freight cars derail-ment conditions, including factors structuring and ranking, development of experimental plan, calculating coef-ficients of wheel pairs resistance to derailment from rails, provided that the wheel flange rolls onto the rail head, and determining the degree of influence of relevant factors on the dynamic stability of cars from derailment. A comparative analysis of the stability of cars in rail tracks was performed using the introduced concept of the combined coefficient of stability of wheel pairs against derailment. Determining the probable causes of car derailment is based on scanning the parameter field. The results of the parametric study revealed the degree of influence on the freight cars stability of running gear technical condition characteristics. In particular, it is determined that the most dangerous in terms of stability loss of empty cars in the track is the exceeding of the wedges of the vibration dampers.

Heuristic Potential of Sammy Smooha Ethnic Democracy Concept

The article next to the hermeneutic methodology examines the key aspects of a special model of political regime: the "ethnic democracy" of S. Smooha, which is based on the idea of the development of an ethnic nation in a state. According to this author's point of view, the main idea of this form of stability is the absolute control of the ethnic majority over the minority. It examines the reasons for the emergence of "ethnic democracy", the characteristics of its implementation in practice and the conditions of stability. When this model is implemented in practice, the State pursues the objective of central ethnic-national development in the country, as well as its isolation from other ethnic groups. Under the concept of "ethnic democracy" the ethnic minority is granted limited rights, the state constantly monitors its scope, considering the interests of the "main" nation. It is concluded that the implementation of the "ethnic democracy" model deliberately violates the right to self-identification of a part of the population (ethnic minority), therefore "ethnic democracy" is an element of state policy that addresses inequality or a desire for total assimilation.

The effects of bed topography and strength on stability of marine ice sheets

<p>The "marine ice-sheet instability hypothesis", which states that unconfined marine ice sheets are unconditionally unstable on retrograde slopes, was developed under assumptions of negligible bed slopes. Realistic ice sheets, however, flow over beds which topographies have a wide range of bed slopes (for example, Thwaites Glacier in the Amundsen Sea sector, West Antarctica). Reexamining the original model of marine ice sheets proposed by Schoof (2007), and relaxing an assumption of negligible bed slopes, we find that a steady-state ice flux at the grounding line is an implicit function of the grounding-line ice thickness, bed slope and accumulation rate. Depending on the sliding conditions, the magnitudes of the ice flux at the grounding line differ by one-to-three orders of magnitudes from that computed with a power-law expression derived by Schoof (2007) under assumptions of the negligible bed slopes. Non-negligible bed slopes also result in conditions of stability of the grounding line that are significantly more complex than those associated with the "marine ice sheet instability hypothesis". Bed slopes are no longer the sole determinant of whether the grounding line is stable or unstable. We find that the grounding line can be stable on beds with retrograde slopes and unstable on beds with prograde slopes. </p>

On Comparing between Two Nonlinear Cournot Duopoly Models

The comparison between two nonlinear duopoly models constructed based on symmetric utility function that is derived from Cobb–Douglas is investigated in this paper. The first model consists of two firms which update their outputs using gradient-based mechanism called bounded rationality. The second model contains a bounded rational firm that is competing with a firm whose outputs depend on a trade-off between market share maximization and profit maximization. For the two models, the fixed points are calculated and their conditions of stability are analyzed. The obtained results show that the second model is more stabilizing provided that the second firm adopts low weights of trade-offs. We show that the two models can be destabilized via flip bifurcation only. Furthermore, the noninvertibility of the two models that can give rise to several stable attractors is discussed.