scholarly journals The relationship between proactive coping with difficult life situations and the level of mindfulness: A cross-cultural analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Elena Belinskaya ◽  
◽  
Malika Djuraeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Proactive Coping ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Relationship

The modern understanding of the processes of coping with difficult life situations, emphasizing the provision of subjective well-being as their function, raises the question of what factors ensure the final effectiveness of coping strategies. The inconsistency of the available empirical data on the relationship between personal and situational predictors as well as effective coping allows us to assume the presence of mediating variables. Their search can be centered both on the inclusion of parameters of a higher socio-cognitive level in the analysis, and on the procedural characteristics of coping, one of which is proactivity in coping. The mindfulness construct seems to meet both of these requirements. The article presents the results of the preliminary and main stages of an empirical study of the relationship between mindfulness and proactive coping strategies. During the preliminary stage, the questionnaire “scale of awareness” was adapted to correspond to the “Western” model of awareness. During the main stage, the results of the relationship of mindfulness indicators according to the “Eastern” and “Western” models with proactivity strategies in two samples (Moscow — Tashkent) were obtained, which allowed us to identify certain cultural differences. The results indicate that there are partial correlations between the indicators of the two mindfulness questionnaires, which is consistent with existing theoretical concepts and allows us to consider the two models of mindfulness as stages of a single process. It is shown that in both samples, indicators of “Western” awareness are associated with the attitude to potential difficulties as a source of positive experience and with reflection in the event of the occurrence of possible variants of behavior, cognitive assessment of one’s own resources and prediction of results, as well as with a proactivity strategy such as the search for instrumental support. Cross-cultural differences were noted on a scale corresponding to “Eastern” awareness: in the sample of Tashkent, it was associated with a strategy of proactive coping, and in the sample of Moscow — with reflexive coping. The obtained relationship between the two types of mindfulness and proactive coping strategies allows us to conclude that mindfulness has the potential of meta-cognitive function in the structure of human activity, especially in the situation of evaluating possible life difficulties.

Why Do Easterners Have Lower Well-Being Than Westerners? The Role of Others’ Approval Contingencies of Self-Worth in the Cross-Cultural Differences in Subjective Well-Being

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hong Liu ◽  
Yi-Hsing Claire Chiu ◽  
Jen-Ho Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Cross

Previous studies have shown that Easterners generally perceive themselves as having lower subjective well-being compared with Westerners, and several mechanisms causing such differences have been identified. However, few studies have analyzed the causes of such differences from the perspective of the cross-cultural differences in the meanings of important life events such as whether people receive approval from others. Specifically, events regarding others’ approval might have different meanings to and influences on Easterners and Westerners. Thus, the degree of fluctuation of people’s views of self-worth in response to these events (i.e., others’ approval contingencies of self-worth [CSW]) probably differs between Easterners and Westerners. This may be a reason for cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. We investigated two samples of undergraduate students from Taiwan and the United States to examine the mediating role of others’ approval CSW in forming cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. The results revealed that Taiwanese participants exhibited lower subjective well-being and higher others’ approval CSW than American participants. In addition, others’ approval CSW partially mediated the cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. Thus, one reason for lower subjective well-being among Easterners was likely that their self-esteem was more prone to larger fluctuations depending on whether they receive approval from others in everyday life.

scholarly journals Partner Commitment in Close Relationships Mitigates Social Class Differences in Subjective Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinth Jia Xin Tan ◽  
Michael W. Kraus ◽  
Emily Impett ◽  
Dacher Keltner
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Relationship

Close relationships can be a source of positive subjective well-being for lower-class individuals, but stresses of lower-class environments tend to negatively impact those relationships. The present research demonstrates that a partner’s commitment in close relationships buffers against the negative impact of lower-class environments on relationships, mitigating social class differences in subjective well-being. In two samples of close relationship dyads, we found that when partners reported low commitment to the relationship, relatively lower-class individuals experienced poorer well-being than their upper-class counterparts, assessed as life satisfaction among romantic couples (Study 1) and negative affect linked to depression among ethnically diverse close friendships (Study 2). Conversely, when partners reported high commitment to the relationship, deficits in the well-being of lower-class relative to upper-class individuals were attenuated. Implications of these findings for upending the class divide in subjective well-being are discussed.

scholarly journals Work Engagement among Prison Officers. The Role of Individual and Organizational Factors in the Polish and Indonesian Penitentiary Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8206
Author(s):  
Andrzej Piotrowski ◽  
Ewa Sygit-Kowalkowska ◽  
Imaduddin Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Active Coping ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Utrecht Work Engagement Scale ◽  
The Relationship

The literature on work engagement among prison officers (POs) remains rather scarce, and there are no analyses on the factors determining this phenomenon. The current study aimed to examine the relationships between work engagement, subjective well-being, coping strategies, and organizational factors utilizing the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE), and Cantril’s Ladder of Health Scale (CLHS), and involving 312 POs from Poland and 467 POs from Indonesia. Results showed a statistically significant relationship between active coping and work engagement in both groups. Subjective well-being was moderately related to work engagement among Polish POs. Mean work engagement and subjective well-being scores were higher among Indonesian POs. The analyses showed a significant indirect effect of subjective well-being for the relationship between penitentiary unit type, active coping, as well as avoidant behaviors and work engagement in the Polish group. Closed prison officers more often declared higher subjective well-being. Work engagement is a complex psychological phenomenon. There exists a justified need for the analyses to consider personal determinants (e.g., coping strategies) as well as organizational factors related to the POs’ work environment. The literature presents a broad picture of the benefits of studying this phenomenon.

scholarly journals SUPPORT AND COPING AS MODERATORS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED STRESS AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF TRANSGENDER PEOPLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Gerymski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

This study was conducted in order to verify the role of social support and coping strategies as moderators of the relationship between perceived stress and the subjective well-being of transgender people, which is lower than cisgenders’ people. 355 people took part in this study (124 transgender people and 231 cisgender people) between age of 18 and 53. Subjective well-being has been operationalized using the Satisfaction With life Scale SWLS. Measurement of the perceived stress was made using the Perceived Stress Scale PSS-10. Coping strategies were examined using the Mini-COPE inventory. Additionally, two subscales of the Berlin Social Support Scales BSSS were used to measure received and perceived social support. Transgender people scored on the SWB scale significantly lower than cisgender people. Received and perceived social support did not turn out to be a significant moderators of the relationship between perceived stress and the subjective well-being. Only one of the coping strategies turned out to be an significant moderator of this relationship – venting of emotions. Key words: transgenderism, perceived stress, quality of life, social support, coping strategies

scholarly journals Life Satisfaction and Intercultural Tolerance Interrelations in Different Cultures

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Chebotareva
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Jewish Religion

Summarizing the results of different researches on intercultural interaction, we can state that people feel tension in intercultural contacts when they perceive the situation as threatening their well-being. There are also many empirical evidences that people belonging to different cultures understand well-being in different ways. This understanding depends also on social, economic and other factors. Thereby it is important to study general relationships of subjective well-being and intercultural tolerance and cultural specifics of these relationships. Objectives of the empirical study was to analyze the satisfaction with life as an important factor of cross-cultural interaction; to reveal cultural specifics of modern representations of subjective well-being, and interrelations of the styles of intercultural interaction with subjective well-being in different cultures. Methods: Scales of: Psychological well-being (Ryff), Life Satisfaction (Neugarten, Havighurst, - Tobin), Subjective Happiness (Lyubomirsky - Lepper), General Communicative Tolerance (Boiko) and Ethnic Identity Types (Soldatova, Ryzhova), Student’s T-test, Spearman's rank correlation. Sample: 330 persons (18-55 years old) of 10 different nations and 5 religions. By the time of the survey, all the participants had lived in Russia for some (not less than 3) years, all of them lived in some biggest Russian cities.Results: It was discovered, that people’s satisfaction with their lives directly relates to general and intercultural tolerance. People, more satisfied with their lives, are usually better control their negative emotions, adapt to changing situations, forgive others’ mistakes. Such people admit their and others’ ethnicity and more rarely exhibit extremism in inter-ethnic relations, although they often avoid contact with other ethnic groups. Cross-cultural differences in well-being were revealed among residents of modern Russian big cities. In particular, people belonging to the Jewish religion, were significantly more satisfied with their lives than all the others were. People brought up in the Orthodox culture, were the least satisfied. In many subjective well-being indicators, representatives of the Buddhist and Muslim cultures showed quite good results. Different statistically significant connections between subjective well-being and tolerance were revealed in cultural subgroups. For example, for people belonging to Jewish religion, general tolerance is associated mostly with meaningfulness of life and openness to the world; and ethnic tolerance is associated to environmental mastery and personal growth. For Buddhists meaningfulness of life positively correlates with general and ethnic tolerance, and personal growth correlates only with ethnic tolerance. Muslims showed the similar results, but besides – the correlations of both types of tolerance with ppurposefulness and overall mood tone. For Orthodox Christians, both types of tolerance is mostly related to positive relations with others and overall level of subjective well-being. Conclusions: the life satisfaction and subjective well-being are important factors of intercultural interactions. There are common and culturally specific mechanisms of these factors interaction. In psychological support of cross-cultural interaction it is important to take into consideration cultural differences in well-being understanding and its relations with general and intercultural tolerance.

scholarly journals Partner Commitment in Close Relationships Mitigates Social Class Differences in Subjective Well-Being

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinth J. X. Tan ◽  
Michael W. Kraus ◽  
Emily A. Impett ◽  
Dacher Keltner
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Romantic Couples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The present exploratory research examined the possibility that commitment in close relationships among lower class individuals, despite greater strains on those relationships, buffers them from poorer subjective well-being (SWB). In two samples of close relationship dyads, we found that when partners reported high commitment to the relationship, the typical deficits in relatively lower class individuals’ well-being compared to their upper-class counterparts, assessed as life satisfaction among romantic couples (Study 1) and negative affect linked to depression among ethnically diverse close friendships (Study 2), were mitigated. Conversely, when partners reported low commitment to the relationship, relatively lower class individuals reported poorer well-being than their upper-class counterparts. These patterns were not found with actors’ commitment. Implications of these findings for upending the class divide in SWB are discussed.

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