scholarly journals Cancer-related cognitive impairment in survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Vizer ◽  
Sean Mikles ◽  
Aaron Piepmeier
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Longitudinal Imaging

Objectives: Cancer-related cognitive impairments (CRCI) are common after treatment and could have importantrepercussions for adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors diagnosed between ages 15 and 39. However, mostresearch focuses on younger or older survivors so we know relatively little about CRCI among AYA cancer survivors.Here we review the research on CRCI among survivors of AYA cancer to determine prevalence, associated factors,and ongoing impact.Methods: In December 2020 we performed a systematic search in MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL,EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify peer-reviewed English language articlesdescribing original research with survivors of AYA cancer having at least one outcome concerning cognition. We screened 4090 articles and 35 met eligibility criteria. Guided by the PRISMA-ScR Checklist, we extractedinformation, assessed study quality, organized articles by study design, identified factors associated with CRCI, andidentified ongoing impacts of CRCI.Results: Most studies were cross-sectional surveys and interviews with some longitudinal and neurocognitiveassessment studies, one brain imaging study, and one intervention study. Weighted mean prevalence of CRCI was38.4%. Factors associated with CRCI included older age, female gender, higher dose chemotherapy, andcomorbidities. Ongoing impacts of CRCI included impaired role functioning, financial toxicity, and unmet needs.However, the intervention study had encouraging results for improving cognition and functioning.Conclusions: This review of literature on CRCI in survivors of AYA cancer shows a need for longitudinal, imaging,and intervention studies. Digital health technology is recommended for research and intervention implementation.

scholarly journals Factors associated with choosing fertility preservation in a pediatric, adolescent and young adult population

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. e67
Author(s):  
Megan R. Sax ◽  
Tara Schafer-Kalkhoff ◽  
Brycen Ferrara ◽  
Olivia Jaworek Frias ◽  
Lesley Breech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Young Adult Population

scholarly journals Gender disparity between authors in leading medical journals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e051224
Author(s):  
Vaidehi Misra ◽  
Frozan Safi ◽  
Kathryn A Brewerton ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Robin Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Data Elements

ObjectivesEvaluate gender differences in authorship of COVID-19 articles in high-impact medical journals compared with other topics.DesignCross-sectional review.Data sourcesMedline database.Eligibility criteriaArticles published from 1 January to 31 December 2020 in the seven leading general medical journals by impact factor. Article types included primary research, reviews, editorials and commentaries.Data extractionKey data elements were whether the study topic was related to COVID-19 and names of the principal and the senior authors. A hierarchical approach was used to determine the likely gender of authors. Logistic regression assessed the association of study characteristics, including COVID-19 status, with authors’ likely gender; this was quantified using adjusted ORs (aORs).ResultsWe included 2252 articles, of which 748 (33.2%) were COVID-19-related and 1504 (66.8%) covered other topics. A likely gender was determined for 2138 (94.9%) principal authors and 1890 (83.9%) senior authors. Men were significantly more likely to be both principal (1364 men; 63.8%) and senior (1332 men; 70.5%) authors. COVID-19-related articles were not associated with the odds of men being principal (aOR 0.99; 95% CI 0.81 to 1.21; p=0.89) or senior authors (aOR 0.96; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.19; p=0.71) relative to other topics. Articles with men as senior authors were more likely to have men as principal authors (aOR 1.49; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.83; p<0.001). Men were more likely to author articles reporting original research and those with corresponding authors based outside the USA and Europe.ConclusionsWomen were substantially under-represented as authors among articles in leading medical journals; this was not significantly different for COVID-19-related articles. Study limitations include potential for misclassification bias due to the name-based analysis. Results suggest that barriers to women’s authorship in high-impact journals during COVID-19 are not significantly larger than barriers that preceded the pandemic and that are likely to continue beyond it.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020186702.

Factors associated with delays in diagnosis of pediatric, adolescent and young adult patients with central nervous system tumors.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13532-e13532
Author(s):  
Diane Marie Puccetti ◽  
Lena Winestone ◽  
Jeffrey McPheeters ◽  
Jennifer Jill Wilkes ◽  
Henry J. Henk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Cancer Symptoms ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis

e13532 Background: Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumor in children and have the highest mortality. Delays in diagnosis (Dx) may lead to reduced survival. We identify factors associated with delays in Dx in pediatric, adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with CNS tumors. Methods: A retrospective cohort from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse, which includes claims data for privately insured enrollees in a large US health plan, was identified. Patients diagnosed with CNS tumors between 2001-17 continuously enrolled 6 months prior to diagnosis (Dx) were included. The onset of cancer symptoms was identified by the date of the first encounter associated with cancer symptoms. Time to Dx was calculated as the days between cancer symptom onset and Dx date. The likelihood of presenting with symptoms and the time to Dx (among those with symptoms) was modeled using logistic regression and included sociodemographic and clinical factors. A delay in Dx was defined as > 3 months after a symptom. Results: We identified 6,627 eligible patients, 5,637 (85%) of whom presented with symptoms prior to Dx. Likelihood of a delay appears greatest in those first presenting to a specialist (OR 1.28 vs PCP; P = .24 ) but lowest in those presenting to Urgent care/ER (OR .56 vs PCP; P < 0.001) and was greatest among children < 5 years of age were more likely to present with a symptom (table). However, among those with a symptom, children < 5 had the longest time to Dx (Median 122 days). Males were less likely to present with a symptom prior to Dx (OR .80, P = 0.040) and when experiencing a symptom they experienced shorter time to Dx compared to females (Median 85 vs 110 days). Race, income, and census region were not significant predictors of either likelihood of presenting with symptoms or delay in time to Dx. Conclusions: This study indicates that young children < 5 years had a longer delay in diagnosis compared to older patients. [Table: see text]

Expression of the senescence biomarker p16INK4a among childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10556-10556
Author(s):  
Andrew Brian Smitherman ◽  
Vanessa L Ayer Miller ◽  
Natalia Mitin ◽  
Allison Mary Deal ◽  
Hyman B. Muss
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Young Adult Cancer Survivors ◽  
Adult Cancer Survivors ◽  
Young Adult Cancer

10556 Background: The mechanism of accelerated aging among survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer is not clearly understood. Cellular senescence may contribute to this process. We measured peripheral blood T lymphocyte p16INK4a expression, a biomarker of cellular senescence and aging, among pediatric and young adult cancer survivors hypothesizing that p16INK4a expression is higher due to chemotherapy exposure and among frail survivors. Methods: Two cohorts were enrolled from January 2018 to December 2019 at an academic medical center. One, a cross-sectional cohort of young adult cancer survivors and age-matched, cancer-free controls in whom we assessed p16INK4a expression and clinical frailty. Frailty was measured with the modified Fried Frailty Index that evaluates skeletal muscle index, weakness, slowness, leisure energy expenditure, and exhaustion. A second cohort underwent prospective measurement of p16INK4a expression before and after cancer chemotherapy. Eligibility among survivors and newly diagnosed patients required treatment with an alkylating agent, an anthracycline / anthracenedione, or both. Multivariable linear regression was used to model expression of p16INK4a by patient age at assessment, treatment intensity, and frailty status. Results: The cross-sectional cohort enrolled 60 young adult survivors and 29 age-matched, cancer-free controls with median age 21 years and range 17-29 years for both groups. Survivors were a median of 5.5 years from end of treatment. The prospective cohort enrolled nine newly diagnosed patients (range 1-18 years). Expression of p16INK4a was higher among young adult cancer survivors as compared to age-matched controls (9.6 v. 8.9 log2 p16 units, p < 0.01) representing a 25-year age acceleration in the survivors. Expression of p16INK4a increased among newly diagnosed patients from matched pre- to post-treatment samples (7.3 to 8.9 log2 p16 units, p = 0.002). Nine survivors (16%) met criteria for being frail and had higher p16INK4a expression as compared to robust survivors (10.5 [frail] v. 9.5 [robust] log2 p16 units, p = 0.055). Conclusions: Chemotherapy is associated with increased cellular senescence in pediatric and young adult cancer survivors as reflected in expression of p16INK4a indicating an increase in molecular age following chemotherapy exposure. The large proportion of frail survivors in this study also exhibited higher levels of p16INK4a suggesting that cellular senescence may be associated with early aging observed among these survivors.

scholarly journals Different phenotypes and factors associated with atopic dermatitis in the young adult Singaporean Chinese population: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 100008
Author(s):  
Sri Anusha Matta ◽  
Sandrine Blanchet-Rethore ◽  
Yang Yie Sio ◽  
Bani Kaur Suri ◽  
Anand Kumar Andiappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Digital Health Technology to Enhance Adolescent and Young Adult Clinical Preventive Services: Affordances and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. S24-S33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene A. Wong ◽  
Farrah Madanay ◽  
Elizabeth M. Ozer ◽  
Sion K. Harris ◽  
Megan Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Preventive Services ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Clinical Preventive Services

scholarly journals Associations of childhood exposure to malaria with cognition and behaviour outcomes: a systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW SENTOOGO SSEMATA ◽  
JACQUELLINE ANN NAKITENDE ◽  
SIMON KIZITO ◽  
ELIZABETH C WHIPPLE ◽  
PAUL BANGIRANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Malaria is one of the major contributing risk factors for poor development of children living in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). However, little is known about the specific domains of cognition and behaviour that are impacted by malaria, the extent of these deficits, and the different types of the malaria spectrum that are associated with these deficits. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the association of the different type of malaria infection on cognition and behavioural outcomes among children living in LMICs. Methods and analysis: We will systematically search online bibliographic databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO), PsycINFO (via EBSCO), Embase and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) as well as Google Scholar and bibliographies of pertinent articles. We will include studies with a comparison group (e.g., clinical trials, cohort, observational, cross-sectional case–control and controlled before and after or interrupted–time–series studies) involving children under 18 years of age living in LMICs, as determined by World Bank Criteria, with either an active malaria infection or history of malaria. Included articles must also measure cognitive and/or behaviour outcomes determined by standardized psychological assessments (questionnaire-based scales and or neurocognitive assessments). Studies will be excluded if they are not in English, lack a control group, take place in a high-income country, or if a standardized instrument was not used. Two reviewers will independently review all articles to determine if they meet eligibility criteria. Any conflicts will be resolved after discussion with a third reviewer. When a list of included articles is finalized, two reviewers will extract data to populate and then cross check within an electronic table. Risk of bias and the strength of evidence and recommendations will be assessed independently using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria, and a final score will be given upon consensus. For sufficiently homogeneous data on measured outcomes in multiple studies, we will investigate the possibility of pooling data to perform a meta-analysis. Discussion: This systematic review will evaluate the evidence of the association of malaria on the cognitive and behavioural outcomes. Findings from this planned review will generate insight on the domains affected by the different forms malaria infection and may inform subsequent malaria interventions and future research in paediatric care.Systematic review registration: This systematic review has been registered under the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42020154777)

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