scholarly journals Redefining Groove

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Duman ◽  
Nerdinga Snape ◽  
Petri Toiviainen ◽  
Geoff Luck
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Music Psychology ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Musical Context

Groove is a popular and widely-used concept in the field of music. Yet its precise definition remains elusive. Upon closer inspection, groove appears to be used as an umbrella term with various connotations depending on the musical era, the musical context, and the individual using the term. Our aim in this paper was to explore different definitions and connotations of the term groove so as to reach a more detailed understanding of it. Consequently, in an online survey, 88 participants provided free-text descriptions of the term groove. A thematic analysis revealed that participants’ descriptions fit into three main categories: music-, experience-, and individual differences related aspects. Based upon this analysis, we propose a contemporary working definition of the term groove as used in the field of music psychology: “Groove is a participatory experience (related to immersion, movement, enjoyment, and social connection) resulting from subtle interaction of specific music- (such as time- and pitch-related features), performance- and/or individual difference-related factors.” Furthermore, we propose the terms perceived and induced groove to distinguish the different aspects of groove that are associated with its perceived musical features and induced effects on listeners. Importantly, this specification will permit further research with a common language to refer to distinct aspects of groove and thus create a more profound understanding in groove literature. Finally, we direct future studies to focus on the concept of groove under influence of different variables, such as the roles of individual differences (such as age, expertise and personality traits), execution of overt movements, or presences of others on listeners’ perceived and induced groove experiences. These will further elucidate our understanding of what groove actually is.

Reopening the Conversation Between Music Psychology and Music Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-201
Author(s):  
Emily Carlson ◽  
Ian Cross
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Music Psychology ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Common Interests

Although the fields of music psychology and music therapy share many common interests, research collaboration between the two fields is still somewhat rare. Previous work has identified that disciplinary identities and attitudes towards those in other disciplines are challenges to effective interdisciplinary research. The current study explores such attitudes in music therapy and music psychology. A sample of 123 music therapists and music psychologists answered an online survey regarding their attitudes towards potential interdisciplinary work between the two fields. Analysis of results suggested that participants’ judgements of the attitudes of members of the other discipline were not always accurate. Music therapists indicated a high degree of interest in interdisciplinary research, although in free text answers, both music psychologists and music therapists frequently characterized music therapists as disinterested in science. Music therapists reported seeing significantly greater relevance of music psychology to their own work than did music psychologists of music therapists. Participants’ attitudes were modestly related to their reported personality traits and held values. Results overall indicated interest in, and positive expectations of, interdisciplinary attitudes in both groups, and should be explored in future research.

Dynamic roles of social presence and individual differences in social TV platforms

2021 ◽  
pp. 135485652110575
Author(s):  
Jihyun Kim ◽  
Kelly Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Television Content ◽  
Social Tv ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Individual

These days, many individuals engage in a unique form of TV viewing that includes a simultaneous act of watching television content and talking about it with others in a mediated environment. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as social TV viewing. Responding to the popularity of this form of TV viewing behavior, the present study examines the individual differences of the social TV viewing experience, particularly with regard to different communication platforms (e.g. private vs. public). Based on the data collected from an online survey, primary findings indicate that extroverted and lonely individuals have different social TV viewing experiences such as preferences for a particular type of platforms for social TV viewing. Further, social presence plays an important role in the understanding of social TV enjoyment in private and public platforms.

scholarly journals Towards a definition of anti-oppressive dietetic practice in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Eric Ng ◽  
Caroline Wai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Increasingly, dietitians have found ourselves working with racialized clients, communities, and colleagues across the health and food systems in Canada. We are often asked to treat the adverse health outcomes of Black, Indigenous, and racialized communities resulting from these oppressions at the individual level. However, it is the role of dietitians to engage in efforts to "reduce health inequities and protect human rights; promote fairness and equitable treatment" (College of Dietitians of Ontario, 2019). An anti-oppression approach is required for dietitians to understand how their power and privilege shape the dietitian-client relationship. The purpose of this commentary is to propose a shift from cultural competence or diversity and inclusion in dietetics to an explicit intention of anti-oppressive dietetic practice. We begin our exploration from the Canadian context. We draw from our background working in health equity in public health, and our experiences facilitating equity training using anti-oppression approaches with dietetic learners and other public health practitioners. In creating a working definition of anti-oppressive dietetic practice, we conducted a scan of anti-oppression statements by health and social services organizations in Ontario, Canada, and literature from critical dietetics. A literature search revealed anti-oppressive practice frameworks in nursing and social work. However, this language is lacking in mainstream dietetic practice, with anti-oppression only discussed within the literature on critical dietetics and social justice. We propose that "dietitians can engage in anti-oppressive practice by providing food and nutrition care/planning/service to clients while simultaneously seeking to transform health and social systems towards social justice."

scholarly journals What do doctors understand by spiritual health? A survey of UK general practitioners

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045110
Author(s):  
Orla Whitehead ◽  
Carol Jagger ◽  
Barbara Hanratty
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Question ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundIn the UK, doctors’ regulatory and professional bodies require general practitioners (GPs) to consider discussing spiritual health as part of the consultation. However, spiritual health is not defined in guidance, and it is unknown what individual doctors understand by the term.Research questionWhat do GPs understand by the term ‘spiritual health’?AimTo explore how GPs understand and define spiritual health.Design and settingSurvey of GPs in England 9 April 2019–21 May 2019.MethodA mixed-methods online survey asked practising GPs in England qualitative free text questions—‘What does the term ‘Spiritual Health’ mean to you?’ and ‘Any comments?’ after five vignettes about discussing spiritual health with patients. These were subject to thematic analysis using a priori themes from the literature on GP definitions of spiritual health, and on attitudes towards the topic.Participants177 practising GPs in England.Results177 GPs responded to the survey. Understanding of spiritual health fitted into three themes: self-actualisation and meaning, transcendence and relationships beyond the self, and expressions of spirituality. A full range of views were expressed, from a minority who challenged their role in spiritual health, through to others enthusiastic about its place in healthcare.ConclusionSpirituality and religiosity are understood by English GPs to be distinct concepts. A consensus definition of spiritual health incorporating the themes identified by working doctors, may be helpful to support GPs to follow the recommended guidance in their practice.

The concept and status of trait in research on temperament

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Strelau
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Temperament Traits ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Point Of Departure

The aim of the paper is to show that research on temperament is inescapably bound with the concept of trait as applied in personality research. It is the individual differences approach on which temperament studies are based, and traits are the basic units by means of which these differences are described. Taking as a point of departure the definition of trait understood as a relatively stable and individual‐specific generalized tendency to behave or react in a certain way expressed in a variety of situations, the hypothetical status of temperament traits is discussed. Special attention is paid to states and behaviour by means of which temperament traits are inferred as well as to the biological and environmental determinants of these traits. Temperamental traits constitute only a part of the personality structure viewed from the perspective of individual differences and this perspective is only one of the many from which the complex nature of personality should be viewed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals The Minimal Phenomenal Experience questionnaire (MPE-92M): Towards a phenomenological profile of “pure awareness” experiences in meditators

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253694
Author(s):  
Alex Gamma ◽  
Thomas Metzinger
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Phenomenal Experience ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Pure Awareness ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mental Agency

Objective To develop a fine-grained phenomenological analysis of “pure awareness” experiences in meditators. Methods An online survey in five language versions (German, English, French, Spanish, Italian) collected data from January to March 2020. A total of 92 questionnaire items on a visual analogue scale were submitted to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results Out of 3627 submitted responses, 1403 were usable. Participants had a median age of 52 years (range: 17–88) and were evenly split between men and women (48.5% vs 50.0%). The majority of meditators practiced regularly (77.3%), were free of diagnosed mental disorders (92.4%) and did not regularly use any psychoactive substances (84.0%). Vipassana (43.9%) followed by Zen (34.9%) were the most frequently practiced meditation techniques. German (63.4%) and English (31.4%) were by far the most frequent questionnaire languages. A solution with 12 factors explaining 44% of the total variance was deemed optimal under joint conceptual and statistical considerations. The factors were named “Time, Effort and Desire,” “Peace, Bliss and Silence,” “Self-Knowledge, Autonomous Cognizance and Insight,” “Wakeful Presence,” “Pure Awareness in Dream and Sleep,” “Luminosity,” “Thoughts and Feelings,” “Emptiness and Non-egoic Self-awareness,” “Sensory Perception in Body and Space,” “Touching World and Self,” “Mental Agency,” and “Witness Consciousness.” This factor structure fit the data moderately well. Conclusions We have previously posited a phenomenological prototype for the experience of “pure awareness” as it occurs in the context of meditation practice. Here we offer a tentative 12-factor model to describe its phenomenal character in a fine-grained way. The current findings are in line with an earlier study extracting semantic constraints for a working definition of minimal phenomenal experience.

scholarly journals The paranormal

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristoffer Tidelius
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

In this article, I explore previous conceptualizations of ‘the paranormal’ within religious studies and the social sciences. Introducing some statistics on paranormal variables in Western populations, I argue that the empirical data make a strong case for future studies of paranormal variables, as well as warranting conceptual clarification. Sketching an outline of previous conceptualizations of ‘the paranormal’, I conclude that definitions tend to stress that purportedly paranormal phenomena transgress the boundaries of scientific explanation, as well as demonstrate a degree of tension towards both mainstream or institutionalized science and religion. Lastly, I present the main contribution of the article: an attempt at a new working definition of the term ‘the paranormal’ based on the conceptualizations reviewed, encompassing substantial and discursive components and, possibly, functional ones.

Aesthetics

2019 ◽  
pp. 401-409
Author(s):  
Patrik N. Juslin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Aesthetic Response ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Aesthetic Judgments

This chapter sets out the aims and objectives of Part 4 of this book, which is to look closer at the nature of aesthetic judgment. It addresses questions such as: are listeners' judgments of music reliable? What criteria do listeners rely on in such judgments? Are there individual differences in how these criteria are weighted? Could individual differences be explained by expertise? Which aesthetic criteria tend to be most influential? How are aesthetic judgments affected by contextual factors? How do aesthetic judgment, preference, and emotion relate to one another? The chapter then discusses what a working definition of aesthetic response may look like.

scholarly journals Success factors for introducing industrial human-robot interaction in practice: an empirically driven framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kopp ◽  
Marco Baumgartner ◽  
Steffen Kinkel
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHuman-robot interaction (HRI) promises to be a means whereby manufacturing companies will be able to address current challenges like a higher demand for customization. However, despite comparably low costs, there are only few applications in practice. To date, it remains unclear which factors facilitate or hinder the successful introduction of industrial collaborative robots (cobots). In a three-step approach, we first developed a comprehensive two-dimensional framework covering three separate phases and four essential components for human-robot working systems. Secondly, we reviewed related literature to identify relevant success factors. Thirdly, in an online survey we asked leading representatives of German manufacturing companies (n = 81) to assess the importance of these factors from a practical point of view. The results reveal that besides technology-related factors like occupational safety and appropriate cobot configuration, employee-centered factors like the fear of job loss and ensuring an appropriate level of trust in the robot are considered important. However, company representatives seem to underestimate the impact of subtle measures to increase employee acceptance which could be incorporated into internal communication strategies prior to and during the introduction of cobots. Comparative analysis based on three distinct application scenarios suggests that most success factors’ practical importance is independent of the motivation for implementing HRI. Furthermore, answers from practitioners in free-text fields reveal that success factors which intuitively come to their mind such as financial factors are not necessarily perceived most important. Finally, we argue for more application-oriented research that focuses on practically relevant factors to guide HRI research, inform cobot development, and support companies in overcoming apparent barriers.

Modifying Fault Diagnosis Strategies

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
Marc A. Sullivan ◽  
George J. Boggs ◽  
Kathryn M. Dobroth
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Problem Domain ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Testing Efficiency

This study investigated the ability of trained diagnosticians to alter their strategies in situations where either time or testing must be kept to a minimum. Four subjects, extensively trained in previous experiments on fault diagnosis, participated in time bonus and testing efficiency bonus conditions. They isolated faults in networks of 25 nodes connected by links. In the time bonus condition, subjects were rewarded for the number of problems completed within a time limit. In the test bonus condition, subjects were rewarded for minimizing the number of tests used to diagnose a fault. Total diagnosis time was lower in the time bonus condition, and the number of tests was lower in the test bonus condition. In the time bonus condition, subjects tended to make initial tests more rapidly than they did in the test bonus condition, and the location of initial tests was relatively “shallow” in the network. The between-subject variability in diagnosis time was larger in the test bonus condition than in the time bonus condition. There was no significant difference for between-subject variability in testing efficiency. These results suggest two important conclusions regarding fault diagnosis. First, trained diagnosticians can rapidly adapt their diagnosis strategies to changes in their problem domain. Second, explicit payoffs can, in some cases, reduce the individual differences in fault diagnosis performance. This appears to be partly due to strategies becoming more similar under explicit payoffs. It is suggested that in future studies the use of explicit payoffs should be considered.

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