scholarly journals Effects of sugar and sweetener on the acute endocrine stress response in fasted women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Meier ◽  
Ulrike U. Bentele ◽  
Annika Benz ◽  
Bernadette Denk ◽  
Stephanie J. Dimitroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Endocrine Stress Response ◽  
Metabolic Properties

The endocrine stress response helps to maintain homeostasis at times of increased demand and supports survival through energy mobilization. Paradoxically, low blood glucose levels impede the endocrine stress response, yet increasing blood glucose levels through sugar consumption prior to stress restores it. This suggests that glucose availability may play a causal role in the endocrine stress response. However, sugar has other distinct properties beyond the raise of blood glucose concentration. Here, we investigated the potential role of sweetness in restoring the cortisol stress reactivity after fasting. N=152 women (mean(age)=21.53, sd(age)=2.61) participated in a psychosocial stress test for groups in the morning after an overnight fast. Prior to stress induction, participants either consumed a drink that contained a caloric sweetener (sugar, n=51), an equally sweet drink containing non-caloric sweetener (sweetener, n=46), or water (n=56). Salivary cortisol and blood glucose levels were assessed repeatedly. Former studies suggested that sugar load prior to stress leads to increased cortisol responses compared to water, and sweetener. The effects of the consumed drinks on cortisol trajectories were tested using multilevel mixed models. Unexpectedly, we found that sugar and sweetener each significantly increased cortisol stress reactivity compared to water. Indeed, sweetener lead to cortisol increases comparable to sugar. Changes in blood glucose levels after drink consumption were not significantly associated with stress-induced increases in cortisol. This suggests that not the metabolic properties of sugar, but properties of sweet taste prior to stress are critical to boost the endocrine stress response to stress.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BENTONIT PER ORAL TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS MODEL DIABETES MELITUS YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN MONOHIDRAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Galuh Alviana ◽  
Hendro Sudjono Yuwono ◽  
Nova Sylviana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate ◽  
Per Oral

In Indonesia, it is estimated that there would be increasing in number of diabetes mellitus patients become 12 million cases in 2030. The expensive cost of conventional medications motivates people to find alternative medication. Bentonite is a natural clay which is a good absorbent and frequently called as healing clay for its potency in body detoxification. This study is an experimental research to prove bentonite which is a good absorbent and adsorbent in decreasing blood glucose concentration in diabetes mellitus. Subject of this research is 20 female Wistar rats which weigh 150–250 g. These subjects were divided into two groups: control group and bentonite group. Diabetes is induced by alloxan monohydrate 150mg/kg intraperitoneally, causing β cell necrosis in pancreas. Result of independent t-test showed that bentonite could significantly lower blood glucose levels with average value of 131.30 mg/dL (p=0.010). This concludes that bentonite canreduce blood glucose level in diabetic-induced rats.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Prior Initiation of Breast Feeding on Blood Glucose Levels in Neonates Born In a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Rizwan-U- Zama ◽  
Ayesha Siddiqa ◽  
A.N. Thobbi ◽  
Tehseen Sajid Mudhol ◽  
R Shruthi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background: Hypoglycemia is the most common event of failure of metabolic adjustments in the newborn. Changes in maternal and fetal monitoring techniques, administration of glucose-containing solutions during labor, delivery and early feeding in neonates significantly alter blood glucose concentrations during the first week of postnatal life. Subjects and Methods: A total of 90 healthy (60 born by FTND, 30 born by LSCS) term, AGA infants were longitudinally evaluated at birth, at one hour after feeds (post feed), and after 6 hours of life. Plasma glucose was estimated from Heel Prick capillary samples by glucometer method. The influence of mode of delivery, the interval between feeds, sex, birth weight, on blood glucose was analyzed. Results: The way of delivery did not affect the plasma glucose concentration in neonates. There was a substantial increase in blood glucose concentration after the first feed irrespective of their birth weight. It was found that female babies had a higher blood glucose concentration than male babies during our study period. All babies maintained normal blood glucose with the continuation of breastfeeding. Conclusion: Plasma glucose levels are satisfactorily maintained in healthy term infants without resort to pre-lacteal feeds and mode of delivery did not influence plasma glucose. There is no need to check blood glucose levels routinely in an asymptomatic, healthy, term, breastfed infants.

scholarly journals Glycemic management via fasting-induced decrease in blood glucose concentration: A protective intervention against COVID-19?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Zohreh Eam s ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Severe Morbidity ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Glycemic Management ◽  
Protective Intervention

According to the literature, uncontrolled glycemia can be a strong predictor of severe morbidity and mortality in different types of viral infections. Hyperglycemia can make the condition worse in diabetic and nondiabetic patients infected with sever acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, maintaining blood glucose levels low (within the safe range of 70-100 mg/ mg/dl) seems to be beneficial in our battle against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Dioscorea dumetorum-Fed Rats Exhibited Decreased Body Weight, Blood Glucose, and Insulin in STZ-induced Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrietta Aritetsoma Ogbunugafor ◽  
Emmanuel Emeka Ilodigwe ◽  
Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku ◽  
Chinwe Nonyelum Ezekwesili ◽  
Chike Samuel Okafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background: Preventive measures that could slow down the rising incidences of diabetes mellitus are essential. The use of neglected local foods, which have effects on this chronic disease beyond basic nutrition as dietary controls, is desirable.Objective: The effect of Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax (Dioscoreaceae) feed on satiety, weight, blood glucose, and insulin levels were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Twenty adult male rats in four groups of five were used for the experiment. Three groups – D. dumetorum, glibenclamide, and standard pellet-fed rats were induced with diabetes by i.p. administration of 50mg kg-1 streptozotocin, while the fouth group (?) served as a non-diabetic control. D. dumetorum was fed at 15g daily for ten days before induction, and after induction, feeding continued. Glibenclamide was orally administered 5mg kg-1 daily. Both the untreated and non-diabetic rats were kept on standard rat pellets. Feed intake, weight, and blood glucose concentration were monitored daily, while insulin level was measured on day two and day six after inductions. Results: Average feed intake for non-diabetic rats was 15g for D. dumetorum per day, which dropped to 10.3g after induction of diabetes. Weight of normal non-diabetic rats consistently increased (142.61 ± 4.37g – 169.43 ± 8.61g) for the duration (17 days) of the experiment. The D. dumetorum-fed rats showed weight reduction of 5.4%, glibenclamide 4.0%, and untreated diabetic 6.15%. Non-diabetic rats blood glucose levels ranged between 70 to 100mg dL-1. Streptozotocin (STZ) (i.p.) administration increased blood glucose levels from 370% to 626% in the rats. D. dumetorum-fed rats showed reduced (p<0.05) blood glucose levels of 22.6%. Glibenclamide had 5.5% reduction (p<0.05). Insulin was absent in D. dumetorum-fed rats, whereas 0.95ng ml-1 of insulin was detected in glibenclamide-administered rats. These quantities were lower (p<0.001) than 1.40ng ml-1 in the non-diabetic rats. Conclusion: This study revealed that D. dumetorum tuber caused decreased hunger, weight reduction, and displayed hypoglycemic property in diabetic rats, even after heat treatment. Its probable mechanism of anti-hyperglycemic activity might not be through increased insulin secretion.Key words: D. dumetorum, streptozotocin-induced diabetes, weight, blood glucose, insulin.

scholarly journals Neonatal Hypoglycemia: A Continuing Debate in Definition and Management

PRILOZI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhideja Stomnaroska-Damcevski ◽  
Elizabeta Petkovska ◽  
Snezana Jancevska ◽  
Dragan Danilovski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Glucose ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Abstract Neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) is one of the most common abnormalities encountered in the newborn. Maintaining glucose homeostasis is one of the important physiological events during fetal-to-neonatal transition. Transient low blood glucose concentrations are frequently encountered in the majority of healthy newborns and are the reflections of normal metabolic adaptation processes. Nevertheless, there is a great concern that prolonged or recurrent low blood glucose levels may result in long-term neurological and developmental consequences. Strikingly, it was demonstrated that the incidence and timing of low glucose concentrations in the groups most at risk for asymptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia, did not find association between repetitive low glucose concentrations and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. On the contrary, NH due to hyperinsulinism is strongly associated with brain injury. Fundamental issue of great professional controversy is concerning the best manner to manage asymptomatic newborns NH. Both, overtreating NH and undertreating NH are poles with significant potential disadvantages. Therefore, NH is one of the most important issues in the day-to-day practice. This article appraises the critical questions of definition (widely accepted blood glucose concentration: < 2.6 mmol/l or 47 mg/dl), follow-up ad management of NH.

Insulin therapy in the intensive care unit

2011 ◽  
pp. 1900-1905
Author(s):  
Greet Van den Berghe ◽  
Yoo-Mee Vanwijngaerden ◽  
Dieter Mesotten
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Critical illness triggers an acute stress response, of which the inflammatory reaction has always been in the forefront of clinical interest. Nevertheless, the changes in metabolism during acute critical illness have also been well characterized for a long time. Increased metabolic rate and release of large quantities of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids from the body’s stores result in hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and increased protein turnover. Until recently, these metabolic changes have been deemed adaptive or even beneficial, and metabolic intervention studies have been limited. Metabolism needs to redirect energy supply to vital organs, such as the brain and the blood cells, which rely mainly on glucose as their source of energy. The mobilization of amino acids for example supports healing of wounded tissues and synthesis of acute phase proteins in the liver. Although the acute metabolic changes may have beneficial connotations, it is also well established that a prolonged stress response triggers a sustained and irreversible catabolic state, with excessive breakdown of lean body mass, which may hamper recovery (1). Until recently, blood glucose control has not been a major focus for the intensive care physician. Only in patients with known diabetes mellitus were blood glucose levels more regularly measured, and even then without a widely accepted treatment policy. Nevertheless, patients without established diabetes mellitus develop hyperglycaemia too. The practice of ‘permissive hyperglycaemia’, tolerating blood glucose levels up to 12 mmol/l (215 mg/dl) in fed critically ill patients, was considered standard care. Blood glucose concentrations of 9–11 mmol/l (160–200 mg/dl) were recommended to maximize cellular glucose uptake while avoiding hyperosmolarity, osmotic diuresis, and fluid shifts. In addition, moderate hyperglycaemia was often viewed as a buffer against hypoglycaemia-induced brain damage. Consequently, intravenous insulin infusions, and certainly clear-cut blood glucose targets, were rarely used. Nevertheless, hyperglycaemia is clearly associated with adverse outcome. Large observational studies in critically ill patients and patients with a myocardial infarction reveal a J-shaped relationship between blood glucose level and the risk of mortality. In all those studies, the lowest risk of death is when admission or mean circulating glucose levels are between 5 and 8 mmol/l (90 and 140 mg/dl). Remarkably, in patients with established diabetes mellitus prior to intensive care admission, the relationship between hyperglycaemia and mortality is significantly blunted and shifted to the right (Fig. 13.4.10.4.1). As these associations are derived from observational studies, hyperglycaemia could still either reflect an adaptive, beneficial response (‘just a marker of severity of illness’), or could actively induce complications, as in diabetes mellitus, and hereby contribute to adverse outcomes (‘cause of disease’). In order to show a causal relationship between hyperglycaemia and mortality risk, randomized controlled trials that target and achieve different blood glucose levels had to be done.

Analysis of ultrasonically extracted interstitial fluid as a predictor of blood glucose levels

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Mitragotri ◽  
Matthew Coleman ◽  
Joseph Kost ◽  
Robert Langer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Noninvasive Diagnostics ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Transdermal extraction of clinically relevant analytes offers a potentially noninvasive method of diagnostics. However, development of such a method is limited by the low permeability of skin. In this paper, we present a potential method for noninvasive diagnostics based on ultrasonic skin permeabilization and subsequent extraction of interstitial fluid (ISF) across the skin using vacuum. ISF extracted by this method was collected and analyzed for glucose and other analytes. Glucose concentration in the extracted fluid correlates well with blood glucose concentration over a range of 50–250 mg/dl. A mathematical model describing vacuum-induced transport of ISF through ultrasonically permeabilized skin is presented as well. The model accounts for convective, as well as diffusive, transport processes across blood capillaries, epidermis, and the stratum corneum. The overall predictions of the model compare favorably with the experimental observations.

scholarly journals Correlation between Taste Threshold Sensitivity and MMP-9, Salivary Secretion, Blood Pressure, and Blood Glucose Levels in Smoking and Nonsmoking Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sri Tjahajawati ◽  
Anggun Rafisa ◽  
Nani Murniati ◽  
Cucu Zubaedah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Taste Threshold ◽  
Salt Taste ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Combined Data

Cigarette smoking can cause taste receptors to increase the taste threshold value. Consequently, the consumption of sugar and salt will not be controlled, therefore causing systemic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Nicotine and tobacco in cigarettes can stimulate MMP-9 which plays vital physiological roles in normal tissue growth and repair processes. This study aimed to find the correlation between taste threshold sensitivity and MMP-9, salivary secretion, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels in smoking and nonsmoking women. This was a cross-sectional study consisting of young adult women aged 18–24 years. Subjects were divided into two groups: the nonsmoking and smoking groups. In the combined data of both groups, the sweet taste threshold was correlated with age (r = 0.308, p=0.008), blood glucose levels (r = 0.238, p=0.043), and MMP-9 (r = –0.297, p=0.011). The salt taste threshold was only correlated with systolic blood pressure in the smoking (r = 0.440, p=0.032) and combined data groups (r = 0.260, p=0.026). By using partial correlation, it was shown that the relationship between the salt taste threshold and systolic blood pressure was influenced by smoking habits. The sweet taste threshold in women was found to correlate with age, blood glucose levels, and MMP-9 levels. On the other hand, there was a significant relationship between the salt taste threshold in women with systolic blood pressure, which was the only correlation analyzed in sthis study that was found to be influenced by smoking. However, both sweet and salt taste thresholds were not statistically correlated with salivary secretion.

Treatment of pregnant insulin-dependent diabetic women

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S74-S76 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fuhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Normal Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract. The treatment of 620 insulin-dependent diabetic pregnant women is reported. The goal of treatment was to achieve a normal blood glucose concentration as soon as possibly during early, or even before pregnancy. When intensified conventional insulin therapy was started before conception, about 88% of the patients achieved normal blood glucose levels during the first weeks of pregnancy. In only about 20% of the pregnant diabetics without intensified preconceptional treatment a normal blood glucose level was obtained during their first hospitalization in pregnancy. The rate of congenital malformations was 1.1% in the former and 7.1% in the latter group.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Bonggol Nanas (Ananas comusus L.) pada Tikus yang Di induksi Aloksan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ayu Rochmawati ◽  
Syahrul Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Stem Extract

This research aims to knowing about decrease glucose levels in rat induced alloxan with the provision of pineapple stem extract (Ananas comusus L.). Previous studies have shown that bromelin can significantly reduce CD4+ lymphocytes, which are included in inflammatory diseases. One of the inflammatory diseases is diabetes mellitus. Blood glucose levels can be lowered by pineapple extract as it contains bromelin, and bromelin most widely found on the stem. The test animals used white rat strain wistar (Rattus norvegicus L.) with weight is 250-300 gram acclimated for seven days. The research was divided  six treatment groups: positive control, negative control, P1 (25% concentration), P2 (50% concentration), P3 (75% concentration), P4 (100% concentration). After treatment for rat in category or sampel was administered pineapple stem extract for 14 days after that experiment status blood glucose level. The results showed that rat had  increased (hyperglicemic) after alloxan induced,and also in blood glucose levels in all treatment. the biggest decrease was in P4 is 44 mgdl. The statistic of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the decrease of rat blood glucose concentration at various concentration of pineapple extract influence  signifificantly. According to the result  that conclusion is  the difference of pineapple extract concentration (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) influence for decrease blood glucose levels and decreasing blood glucose level after 14 days, but in this  time blood glucose  not returned as normal conditions.  

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