scholarly journals Filling Gaps in the Nomological Networks for Dominance and Affiliation by Examining Self-Informant Agreement on Momentary Interpersonal Behavior

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Paul A. Pilkonis ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Informant Agreement ◽  
Overt Behavior ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Interpersonal Distress ◽  
Self Reports

Interpersonal functioning involves an interplay of subjective perceptions and overt behavior. This study examines agreement between self and informant reports of behavior measured naturalistically to investigate the associations between observable behavior, self-perceptions, and others’ perceptions and to enrich the nomological networks for the domains of dominance and affiliation. We studied a sample of romantic couples (N=193) who rated their own and their partner’s interpersonal behavior during a 21-day ambulatory assessment (AA) protocol. We used a multitrait-multimethod-multirater correlation matrix including self- and informant-reported averages and variability of dominance and affiliation measured by AA and cross-sectional self-reports of dominance, affiliation, and interpersonal distress. There was no self-informant agreement on dominance measured by AA, but there was moderate agreement on affiliation averages and variability. Only AA self-reports of average dominance and affiliation, not informant reports, converged with analogous cross-sectional self-reports. Both self and informant reports of dominance and affiliation variability correlated with self-reported interpersonal distress. Results suggest that the internal versus external experiences of dominance and affiliation differ and that these differences have important implications in everyday interpersonal functioning. Our findings also show that self-perceptions of variability in dominance and affiliation, others’ perceptions of variability, and actual behavioral variability relate to interpersonal problems.

Self–Other Knowledge Asymmetry (SOKA) Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Bollich-Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
The Self ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Knowledge Asymmetry ◽  
Blind Spots

Despite the strong intuition that people know themselves well, much research in self-perception demonstrates the biases present when evaluating one’s own personality traits. What specifically are these blind spots in self-perceptions? Are self-perceptions always disconnected from reality? And under what circumstances might other people actually be more accurate about the self? The self–other knowledge asymmetry (SOKA) model suggests that because individuals and others differ in their susceptibility to biases or motivations and in the information they have access to, self- and other-knowledge will vary by trait. The present chapter outlines when and why other-perceptions are sometimes more accurate than self-perceptions, as well as when self-reports can be most trusted. Also discussed are next steps in the study of self- and other-knowledge, including practical, methodological, and interdisciplinary considerations and extensions. In sum, this chapter illustrates the importance of taking multiple perspectives in order to accurately understand a person.

scholarly journals The Pandemic and Changes in the Self-Perception of Teacher Digital Competences of Infant Grade Students: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4756
Author(s):  
Rosalía Romero-Tena ◽  
Carmen Llorente-Cejudo ◽  
María Puig-Gutiérrez ◽  
Raquel Barragán-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Group A ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Without having a reaction time, the pandemic has caused an unprecedented transformation in universities around the world, leading to a revolution from structured models anchored in the conception of transmission of training towards a teaching approach-learning saved thanks to the incorporation of technology. This study aims to verify whether the pandemic situation has influenced the digital competence self-perception of students. Comparing two groups during the academic years 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, the instrument used is the questionnaire for digital competence “DigCompEdu Check-In” for future teachers. After the educational intervention, group A (before COVID-19) presented higher self-perceptions of competence than group B (during COVID-19); the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 has negatively influenced students’ self-perception of their digital skills in the pretest in the different dimensions under study. Before receiving the training, the group that did not experience the pandemic enjoyed a higher self-perception of their competencies than the group that experienced the pandemic. The data obtained indicate that the difference exists, and that it is statistically significant, and may be a consequence of the clear relationship between self-perception and the way in which students face reality through their personal and subjective vision.

scholarly journals Can neuroscience help to understand narcissism? A systematic review of an emerging field

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Jauk ◽  
Philipp Kanske
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pathological Narcissism ◽  
Ego Threat ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Narcissism is a Janusian personality construct, associated with both grandiose self-assuredness and dominance, as well as vulnerable insecurity and reactivity. Central questions of intra- and interpersonal functioning in narcissism are still a matter of debate. Neuroscience could help to understand the paradoxical patterns of experience and behavior beyond the limitations of self-reports. We provide a systematic review of 34 neuroscience studies on grandiose, vulnerable, pathological narcissism, and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), spanning experimental investigations of intra- and interpersonal mechanisms, research on neurophysiological and neuroendocrine aspects of baseline function, and brain structural correlates. While neuroscience has scarcely directly studied vulnerable narcissism, grandiose narcissism is associated with heightened vigilance to ego threat and stress responses following ego threat, as well as heightened stress indicators in baseline measures. Such responses are not commonly observed in self-reports, highlighting the potential of neuroscience to augment our understanding of self-regulatory dynamics in narcissism. Interpersonal functioning is characterized by deficits in social–affective processes. Both involve altered activity within the salience network, pointing to a double dissociation regarding the expression of narcissism and self/other oriented situational focus. Findings are summarized in an integrative model providing testable hypotheses for future research along with methodological recommendations.

scholarly journals The Association Between Recent Family Death and Self-Perceptions of Aging Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 450-450
Author(s):  
Shu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Child Death ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Perceptions Of Aging ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Family Loss

Abstract The loss of a family member may have a significant influence on one’s aging experience in life. Self-perceptions of aging, which are an individual’s beliefs or evaluation of their experiences of aging, have been described as an important factor for one’s health and daily life. However, there is little research on the association between family death and self-perceptions of aging. This study examines the relationships between recent family death, self-perceptions of aging, and gender of the bereaved among middle-aged and older adults. Using nationally representative data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we conducted cross-sectional analysis on adults age 50 years and older (n=1,839). Self-perceptions of aging were accessed by 8 items derived from the Attitudes Toward Own Aging subscale of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale and the Berlin Aging Study, and we considered recent family death (i.e., parental death, spousal death, sibling death and child death), as well as gender of the bereaved. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that respondents who experienced recent family death report less positive self-perceptions of aging compared to those who did not experience recent family death (t = 12.40, p < .01). Recent parental death was more negatively related with self-perceptions of aging for bereaved women than for bereaved men (χ2 = 4.28, p < .05). Findings suggest that middle-aged and older adults experiencing recent family loss have less positive self-perceptions of aging, and gender of the bereaved plays an important role in the relationship between parental death and self-perceptions of aging.

Uncertainty orientation in Chinese children: Relations with school and psychological adjustment

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyan Wang ◽  
Xinyin Chen ◽  
Richard Sorrentino ◽  
Andrew C. H. Szeto
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Uncertainty Orientation ◽  
Self Reports

The purpose of this study was to examine uncertainty orientation and its relations with school and psychological adjustment in Chinese children. A sample of elementary school children in P.R. China, aged 10 to 12 years, participated in the study. Data concerning uncertainty orientation, academic performance and socio-emotional adjustment were obtained from multiple sources including projective assessments, teacher ratings and self-reports. It was found that children in grade 6 had higher scores on uncertainty orientation than those in grades 4 and 5. Uncertainty orientation was positively associated with school-related competence, academic achievement and self-perceptions of competence, and negatively associated with learning problems and loneliness. The results suggest that uncertainty orientation is an adaptive characteristic in Chinese children.

Do teacher ideals distort the self-reports of their interpersonal behavior?

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Wubbels ◽  
Mieke Brekelmans ◽  
Herman P. Hooymayers
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Self Reports

scholarly journals Personality development from 12 to 18 years of age: changes in mean levels and structure of traits

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jüri Allik ◽  
Kaia Laidra ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Helle Pullmann
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
The Self ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean

The Estonian NEO‐FFI was administered to 2650 Estonian adolescents (1420 girls and 1230 boys) aged from 12 to 18 years and attending 6th, 8th, 10th, or 12th grade at secondary schools all over Estonia. Although the mean levels of personality traits of Estonian adolescents were quite similar to the respective scores of Estonian adults, there was a developmental gap in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Three of the five personality dispositions demonstrated a modest cross‐sectional change in the mean level of the trait scores: the level of Openness increased and the levels of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness decreased between 12 and 18 years of age. Although the five‐factor structure of personality was already recognizable in the sample of 12‐year‐old children, it demonstrated only an approximate congruence with the adult structure, suggesting that not all children of that age have developed abilities required for observing one's own personality dispositions and for giving reliable self‐reports on the basis of these observations. The self‐reported personality trait structure matures and becomes sufficiently differentiated around age 14–15 and grows to be practically indistinguishable from adult personality by the age of 16. Personality of adolescents becomes more differentiated with age: along with the growth of mental capacities the correlations among the personality traits and intelligence become smaller. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Is Specialized Training a Basic Necessity for Special Students Teaching?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Samuel Chege Kinuthia ◽  
Anne Christine Wanjiru Kabui
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Overt Behavior ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
National Examination ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Behaviorist Theory ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Every individual irrespective of their profession, requires requisite training to enable them to do a particular job with reasonable accuracy, achieving desired results. Mid-school is the stage between primary basic education and the tertiary level and in Kenya it is referred to as secondary education that is evaluated with a national examination (KCSE) at the end of the four years. Teachers’ role in a students’ performance cannot be underestimated where students with or without disabilities are subjected to the same national examinations. Performance in the national special schools in Kenya does not compare favorably with that of ordinary national schools irrespective of same caliber of teachers in both. This necessitated an empirical inquiry into whether there is need for extra training for teachers in special schools. The study sought to establish the influence of teacher training on the performance of special schools in Kenya. The performance of a school is measured based on the overall mean attained in KSCE examinations. The study focused on the national schools that are in the category of special schools in Kenya. The study is anchored on Behaviorist theory which states that learning is a function of change in overt behavior. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out where data was collected using a self-administered semi structured questionnaire. Study findings indicate that 76.6% of variation in performance is predicted by training implying that relevant training of teachers in special schools is critical in achieving the expected learning outcomes with quality grades in KCSE that are pivotal in determining learners’ career paths. The study recommends creating an enabling environment and support to teachers willing to pursue training in special education. Further research should be done to determine how the subsector can be adequately funded both for initial and on-the-job special teacher training for special needs schools.

scholarly journals Subjective social mobility and health: Mind over matter?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Präg ◽  
Alexi Gugushvili
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Status Mobility ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Subjective Appraisals

One’s current socioeconomic position is intimately tied to one’s health status. Further, childhood living conditions also exert lasting effects on the health of adults. However, studies on changes in one’s socioeconomic position over the life course rarely find important effects of social mobility for individual health and wellbeing. Such studies always draw on objective measures of social mobility and do not consider subjective appraisals of social mobility by individuals themselves. Using cross-sectional, representative German survey data, we explore the question as to how subjective perceptions as opposed to objective accounts of occupational status mobility affect five self-reported health and wellbeing outcomes differently. We show that objective and subjective accounts of social mobility overlap, yet this association is far from perfect. Further, there are relatively small associations between objective and subjective mobility accounts and health outcomes. Associations between subjective mobility perceptions and health outcomes are intriguingly independent of objective social mobility trajectories. Mismatches between objective and subjective mobility are also correlated with some health outcomes. We discuss implications of our finding that social mobility is associated with those aspects of health which are more closely related to psychological wellbeing rather than physical health.

scholarly journals Examination of Actual and Ideal Body-Related Characteristics and Body-Related Pride in Adult Males

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 155798831987464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mackowiak ◽  
Kristen M. Lucibello ◽  
Jenna D. Gilchrist ◽  
Catherine M. Sabiston
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Polynomial Regressions

Body image concerns are becoming more prevalent in males. Discrepancies between actual and ideal body muscularity and thinness have been studied from a pathological perspective whereby perceiving the body as discrepant from an internalized ideal is associated with body dissatisfaction, negative emotions, and harmful body-altering behaviors. It is unclear if agreement among actual and ideal self-perceptions is associated with positive emotion in males. The present study examined the associations between actual and ideal congruence and discrepancies in muscularity and thinness, and two facets of pride (i.e., authentic and hubristic pride) in male adults. Participants ( n = 294; Mage = 34.80 years; MBMI = 27.31 kg/m2) completed a cross-sectional self-report survey. Results from polynomial regressions indicated that actual and ideal self-perceptions of muscularity and thinness were significant predictors of both authentic ( R2 = .37 and .20) and hubristic pride ( R2 = .33 and .19), respectively. Response surface values demonstrated that extremely high or low scores that were congruent for muscularity ( a2 = .35 and .40) and thinness ( a2 = .18 and .18) perceptions were associated with higher reports of authentic and hubristic pride. These findings demonstrated that congruence in actual and ideal self-perceptions contribute to feelings of pride, suggesting interventions that promote actual and ideal self-perception congruence may be important for fostering positive emotional experiences in males.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document