scholarly journals A body of evidence : ‘feeling in seeing’ predicts realness judgments for photojournalistic images.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Azevedo ◽  
Raffaele Tucciarelli ◽  
Sophie De Beukelaer ◽  
Klaudia Ambroziak ◽  
Isla Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Affective Arousal ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
The World

Photography and photojournalism frame our experience of the world, especially in a culture powered by images at an unprecedented level. Images in the digital age and the era of alternative facts mediate our relations to other human beings and make our negotiation between what is real or fake challenging. We investigated how our visceral responses, as the basis of subjective feelings, influence our relation and responses to the authenticity of photojournalistic images. Higher neurophysiological and affective arousal at the first perception of an image predicted the probability with which participants would judge that image as ‘real’ in a subsequent session. These findings highlight the crucial role that physiology plays in engaging us with imagery, beyond cognitive processing. ‘Feeling in seeing’ seems to be a salient signal that at least partly determines our beliefs in a culture powered by images. By considering at the same time the underlying neural, physiological and cognitive mechanisms that guide our responses to images as well as the contextual cultural effects on how these mechanisms are recruited, these findings contribute to long-standing but still timely and multidisciplinary debates in visual culture.

Artificial Intelligence, Robots and Bioethical Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 140-140
Author(s):  
Renzo Pegoraro ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Prescribe Medication ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
Concrete Form ◽  
The World ◽  
Ibm Watson

"The arrival of digital research, where the object of research is transformed into numerical data, makes it possible to study the world and medicine, using new epistemological paradigms. What matters now is only the correlation between two quantities of data, with no concern for any consistent theory that explains such correlation. Today these correlations are used to predict with acceptable accuracy. What seems to be the outcome of this new revolution is the dominance of information, a conceptual labyrinth whose most common definition is based on an equally problematic category-data. The technological evolution of information and of the world seen as a series of data takes its concrete form in artificial intelligence (AI) and in robots. We are now able to construct machines that can make autonomous decisions and coexist with human beings. And in the context of healthcare it is possible to develop diagnostic approach, prescribe medication (see IBM Watson Program) or offer radiosurgery systems like Cyberknife. Contemporary society presents extremely delicate challenges where the most important variable is not intelligence but rather the little time available in which to make a decision. Here, cognitive mechanisms can have important applications. A series of anthropological and bioethical reflections can help to understand the challenges in the healthcare field: “Is it clear how this logic of hyper-individualization, governed by the use of artificial intelligence, will undermine the humanistic need for solidarity in this in deeds and mindset, in favor of private relationships between individuals and organizations?” (E. Sadin). "

6. The development of the materialist theory of history

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Peter Singer
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
World History ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
Theory Of History ◽  
Materialist Theory

For Marx the unity of theory and practice meant the resolution of theoretical problems by practical activity. ‘The development of the materialist theory of history’ examines how Marx came upon his theory of world history in which practical human activity, rather than thought, plays the crucial role. At this point in his life, Marx starts to make more use of historical data and less of abstract philosophical reasoning about the way the world should be, but his interest in alienation persists. The materialist conception of history tells us that humans are completely subject to forces they do not comprehend and are unable to control. These forces are the productive powers of human beings themselves.

scholarly journals Overlap in processing advantages for minimal ingroups and the self

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence E. Enock ◽  
Miles R. C. Hewstone ◽  
Patricia L. Lockwood ◽  
Jie Sui
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Random Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Minimal Groups ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Group Allocation

Abstract Cognitive biases shape our perception of the world and our interactions with other people. Information related to the self and our social ingroups is prioritised for cognitive processing and can therefore form some of these key biases. However, ingroup biases may be elicited not only for established social groups, but also for minimal groups assigned by novel or random social categorisation. Moreover, whether these ‘ingroup biases’ are related to self-processing is unknown. Across three experiments, we utilised a social associative matching paradigm to examine whether the cognitive mechanisms underpinning the effects of minimal groups overlapped with those that prioritise the self, and whether minimal group allocation causes early processing advantages. We found significant advantages in response time and sensitivity (dprime) for stimuli associated with newly-assigned ingroups. Further, self-biases and ingroup-biases were positively correlated across individuals (Experiments 1 and 3). However, when the task was such that ingroup and self associations competed, only the self-advantage was detected (Experiment 2). These results demonstrate that even random group allocation quickly captures attention and enhances processing. Positive correlations between the self- and ingroup-biases suggest a common cognitive mechanism across individuals. These findings have implications for understanding how social biases filter our perception of the world.

scholarly journals Paradigma Pendidikan Profetik dalam Konsep Pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara dan Aktualisasinya di Era Disrupsi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Rahmat Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonial Education ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
National Education ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
Educational Concept ◽  
The World ◽  
Independent Individual

The colonial education system that was authoritarian, secularistic and materialistic was still prevalent in national education activities. As a result, today's generation of nations has experienced industrial objectivation, dehumanization, moral decadence, and self-alignment from its socio-cultural effects as a result of national education that sided with market interests (capitalist and materialist). This article seeks to analyze the values of the Pancadarma Taman Siswa Ki Hajar Dewantara which underlie the idea of humanist-religious education. The idea has paradigmatic relevance with the ideals of prophetic education which are explored into three pillars namely humanization (amar ma'ruf), liberation (nahi munkar), and transcendence (al-iman billah). This research is analytical-descriptive using Kuntowijoyo's Social Ethics concept to explore prophetic epistemology in Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational concept. This research resulted in the finding that the Pancadarma Taman Siswa concept required an educational system capable of returning children to their natural self as independent and cultured human beings, as well as arousing transcendental awareness. Pancadarma Taman Siswa installs students as independent individual and social subjects in accordance with human nature (humanization). On the other hand, Ki Hajar Dewantara's education wish for liberation of the world of education from the grip of the industry which adjusts various structural oppressions in society (liberation). Then, Pancadarma positions religion as an objective source of ethics and truth so that all educational activities are only dedicated to humanity and the advancement of civilization.

Towards a Tangible Philosophy through Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle VAN DIJK ◽  
Jonne VAN BELLE ◽  
Wouter EGGINK
Keyword(s):  
Digital Age ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
First Results

The combined philosophy and design approach called Philosophy-through-Design (PtD) is proposed using an exemplary project about being-in-the-world in the digital age. PtD is a practical way to do philosophy through designing interventions, and involves various people in the exploration of philosophical concepts. It stems from the overlapping questions found in philosophy and design regarding human-technology interaction. By intertwining both, they benefit from describing, understanding and proposing human-technology interactions to unfold new questions and perspectives. In the exemplary project, being-in-the-world refers to a way of being that is embodied, active, open-ended and situational, based on the phenomenological and embodied theories of Tim Ingold. This concept questions what it means to be human in the digital age and how our lives with technology are built. The first results show the process of weaving together observation, creation and reflection, which presents Philosophy-through-Design as a promising method for designers to practice a tangible philosophy.

“Utopia First!” A Machiavellian Conception of Solidarity in More's Utopia

Moreana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (Number 209) (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Phélippeau
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
Communal Organization

This paper shows how solidarity is one of the founding principles in Thomas More's Utopia (1516). In the fictional republic of Utopia described in Book II, solidarity has a political and a moral function. The principle is at the center of the communal organization of Utopian society, exemplified in a number of practices such as the sharing of farm work, the management of surplus crops, or the democratic elections of the governor and the priests. Not only does solidarity benefit the individual Utopian, but it is a prerequisite to ensure the prosperity of the island of Utopia and its moral preeminence over its neighboring countries. However, a limit to this principle is drawn when the republic of Utopia faces specific social difficulties, and also deals with the rest of the world. In order for the principle of solidarity to function perfectly, it is necessary to apply it exclusively within the island or the republic would be at risk. War is not out of the question then, and compassion does not apply to all human beings. This conception of solidarity, summed up as “Utopia first!,” could be dubbed a Machiavellian strategy, devised to ensure the durability of the republic. We will show how some of the recommendations of Realpolitik made by Machiavelli in The Prince (1532) correspond to the Utopian policy enforced to protect their commonwealth.

Jalan Kesempurnaan Menurut Jamaah Insan Al-Kamil di Cijati Desa Cikareo Selatan Sumedang

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Syarifudin Syarifudin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Religious Sect ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Each religious sect has its own characteristics, whether fundamental, radical, or religious. One of them is Insan Al-Kamil Congregation, which is in Cijati, South Cikareo Village, Wado District, Sumedang Regency. This congregation is Sufism with the concept of self-purification as the subject of its teachings. So, the purpose of this study is to reveal how the origin of Insan Al-Kamil Congregation, the concept of its purification, and the procedures of achieving its purification. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a normative theological approach as the blade of analysis. In addition, the data generated is the result of observation, interviews, and document studies. From the collected data, Jamaah Insan Al-Kamil adheres to the core teachings of Islam and is the tenth regeneration of Islam Teachings, which refers to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. According to this congregation, self-perfection becomes an obligation that must be achieved by human beings in order to remember Allah when life is done. The process of self-purification is done when human beings still live in the world by knowing His God. Therefore, the peak of self-purification is called Insan Kamil. 

What If It Wasn’t Kato Who Raped Diana? Representing the Yearning for Justice in As I Stood Dead Before the World: Creative Writing from Luzira Prison (2018)

Imbizo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danson Sylvester Kahyana
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Innocent People ◽  
Creative Writers ◽  
The World

The article examines how selected works in Uganda’s first anthology of prison-authored work, As I Stood Dead before the World: Creative Writing from Luzira Prison (2018), handle one of the issues of paramount importance to inmates and their families: the possibility that convictions in courts of law are not foolproof since judicial officers are human beings and therefore susceptible to error. Drawing from four examples: two poems (Jackson O’s “Letter to Aber” and Sebuuma Gadafi’s “Twenty-Years”), one short story (Rachael Pearl Orishaba’s “A Secret”), and one short play (Jennifer Janette’s “What If It Wasn’t Kato?”), I show how different inmates imagine situations where judicial officers (prosecutors and magistrates/judges) make errors of judgement that see innocent people convicted of crimes they did not commit. The article closely reads the four selected pieces with the objective of investigating how creative writers can help judicial officers realise how important it is to turn every proverbial stone before a conviction is made.

An ayurvedic tablet formulation for ulcer protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Shiva Kumar K ◽  
Purushothaman M ◽  
Soujanya H ◽  
Jagadeeshwari S
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
System A ◽  
The World

Gastric ulcers or the peptic ulcer is the primary disease that affects the gastrointestinal system. A large extent of the population in the world are suffering from the disease, and the age group of people those who suffer from ulcers are 20-55years. Herbs are known to the human beings that are useful in the treatment of diseases, and there are a lot of scientific investigations that prove the pharmacological activity of herbal drugs. Practitioners have been using the herbal material to treat the ulcers successfully, and the same had been reported scientifically. Numerous publications have been made that proves the antiulcer activity of the plants around the world. The tablets were investigated for the antiulcer activity in two doses 200 and 400mg/kg in albino Wistar rats in the artificial ulcer those are induced by the ethanol. The prepared tablets showed a better activity compared to the standard synthetic drug and the marketed ayurvedic formulation. The tablets showed a dose-dependent activity in ulcer prevention and treatment. Many synthetic drugs are available for the ulcer treatment, and the drugs pose the other problems in the body by showing the side effects and some other reactions. This limits the use of synthetic drugs to treat ulcers effectively. Herbs are known to the human beings that are useful in the treatment of diseases, and there are a lot of scientific investigations that prove the pharmacological activity of herbal drugs.

Dietary and living regimen of covid-19 with special reference to Ayurveda Varsha and Sharad Ritucharya

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 758-762
Author(s):  
Amit Biswas ◽  
KunalChandankhede
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Individual Disease ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Wuhan originated Covid-19 disease is caused by SARC-COV 2 virus. It is a contagious disease it spread all over the world. World health organization declared a global pandemic disease. In Covid-19 immunity plays an important role. In old age people or having other co-morbid conditions the mortality rate is more. Ayurveda has a big role in improved immunity or to intact immunity. The principle of Ayurveda is to keep individual swastha (diseases free). To maintain individual disease-free Ritucharya is one of the important subjects of Ayurveda. Aimed of study is to find out Ritucharya literature from the Ayurveda and modern research specifically Varsha and Sharad ritu. Ritucharya contains dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine, and contraindicated things those changing according to environmental change. Upcoming season in India is Varsha and Sharad ritu. Environmental changes are huge in this season and it directly affected human beings. So this study reveals property of ritu, dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine and contraindicated things in upcoming varsha and sharad ritu.

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