scholarly journals Dissociations between interoceptive accuracy and attention: evidence from the interoceptive attention scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Gabriele ◽  
Ria Spooner ◽  
Rebecca Brewer ◽  
Jennifer Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Questionnaire Measure ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Questionnaire Measures

Previous evidence suggests a dissociation between self-reported interoceptive accuracy and self-reported interoceptive attention. However, it remains unclear whether such dissociations are driven by differences in the interoceptive signals rated across these questionnaires, or a genuine dissociation between different facets of interoception (accuracy and attention). Across three studies, we examined the relationship between existing measures of self-reported interoceptive accuracy and self-reported interoceptive attention by developing a novel measure of self-reported interoceptive attention – the Interoceptive Attention Scale (IATS) – designed to match the interoceptive sensations included in an existing questionnaire measure of interoceptive accuracy. In addition, we examined whether the interpretation of questionnaire measures of interoception altered associations across measures. Results support the proposed distinction between self-reported interoceptive attention and self-reported interoceptive accuracy and highlight the importance of considering the interpretation of questionnaire measures of interoception.

The Relationship Between Interoception and Metacognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Meessen ◽  
Verena Mainz ◽  
Siegfried Gauggel ◽  
Eftychia Volz-Sidiropoulou ◽  
Stefan Sütterlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Heartbeat Perception ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Recently, Garfinkel and Critchley (2013) proposed to distinguish between three facets of interoception: interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and interoceptive awareness. This pilot study investigated how these facets interrelate to each other and whether interoceptive awareness is related to the metacognitive awareness of memory performance. A sample of 24 healthy students completed a heartbeat perception task (HPT) and a memory task. Judgments of confidence were requested for each task. Participants filled in questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility, depression, anxiety, and socio-demographic characteristics. The three facets of interoception were found to be uncorrelated and interoceptive awareness was not related to metacognitive awareness of memory performance. Whereas memory performance was significantly related to metamemory awareness, interoceptive accuracy (HPT) and interoceptive awareness were not correlated. Results suggest that future research on interoception should assess all facets of interoception in order to capture the multifaceted quality of the construct.

scholarly journals Prospective memory mediated by interoceptive accuracy: a psychophysiological approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1708) ◽  
pp. 20160005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Umeda ◽  
Saiko Tochizawa ◽  
Midori Shibata ◽  
Yuri Terasawa
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cardiac Reactivity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies on prospective memory (PM), defined as memory for future intentions, suggest that psychological stress enhances successful PM retrieval. However, the mechanisms underlying this notion remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that PM retrieval is achieved through interaction with autonomic nervous activity, which is mediated by the individual accuracy of interoceptive awareness, as measured by the heartbeat detection task. In this study, the relationship between cardiac reactivity and retrieval of delayed intentions was evaluated using the event-based PM task. Participants were required to detect PM target letters while engaged in an ongoing 2-back working memory task. The results demonstrated that individuals with higher PM task performance had a greater increase in heart rate on PM target presentation. Also, higher interoceptive perceivers showed better PM task performance. This pattern was not observed for working memory task performance. These findings suggest that cardiac afferent signals enhance PM retrieval, which is mediated by individual levels of interoceptive accuracy. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health’.

scholarly journals Interoception modulates the self-prioritization effect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuru Honda ◽  
Takashi Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Self-relevant information is processed faster and more accurately than non-self-relevant information. Such a bias is developed even for newly associated information with the self, also known as the self-prioritization effect (SPE). Interoception, which refers to the overall processing of information from inside the body, is crucial for self-relevant processing; however, little is known about its role in SPE. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the magnitude of SPE and interoceptive accuracy (IAc), defined as an individual’s ability to accurately perceive one’s own interoceptive state. Additionally, to explore the causal relationship, we measured SPE by presenting self- or non-self-relevant stimuli based on the participant's cardiac cycle in the shape-label matching task. We demonstrated that IAc was negatively correlated with the magnitude of SPE in terms of discrimination of the relevance of the stimuli. In addition, a correlation was observed only when the stimuli were presented during cardiac systole. Furthermore, IAc was negatively correlated with the processing of self-relevant stimuli but not with non-self-relevant stimuli. Our findings suggest that individuals with high IAc were less able to discriminate whether an external neutral stimulus was self-relevant when the stimulus was presented at systole. Our results may reflect the tendency to recognize the self-relevance of stimuli based on interoception in individuals with high IAc. Since the present study used geometric shapes, which are not easily recognized as stimuli that can induce changes in the interoception, individuals with high IAc assigned less self-relevance to the stimuli, resulting in weaker SPE. From this perspective, we further discussed the conditions that lead to stronger SPE in individuals with high IAc, in contrast to the present study results.

A meta-analysis on the relationship between interoceptive awareness and alexithymia: Distinguishing interoceptive accuracy and sensibility.

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (8) ◽  
pp. 765-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic A. Trevisan ◽  
Melody R. Altschuler ◽  
Armen Bagdasarov ◽  
Carter Carlos ◽  
Suqian Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Mediating Roles of Disgust Sensitivity and Danger Expectancy in Relation to Hand Washing Behaviour

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Thorpe ◽  
Julie Barnett ◽  
Katy Friend ◽  
Kate Nottingham
Keyword(s):  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Questionnaire Measure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development

Background: Recent interest in the role of vulnerability factors in obsessional washing has suggested that disgust sensitivity, danger expectancy and health anxiety may be of interest. Aims: This study explores the differential impact of these factors on both behavioural and cognitive measures of washing behaviour and is based on a replication of the Jones and Menzies (1997) experiment, during which participants immersed their hands in a noxious compound while rating themselves on a range of measures: the time they subsequently took to wash their hands was measured and danger expectancies were found to be the best predictor of this. Method: The present study added measures of disgust sensitivity and health anxiety to this experimental methodology while removing factors they found to be of little import to compulsive washing. Thirty non-clinical participants took part. Results: Results confirmed that disgust sensitivity was related to the behavioural measure of washing time, but that this relationship was almost entirely mediated by the danger expectancy concerning judgements of severity of consequent disease. However, a different pattern emerged when the outcome measure was questionnaire based: danger expectancy was not at all related to this. Disgust sensitivity mediated the relationship between health anxiety and scores on a questionnaire measure of washing compulsions. Interestingly, these scores were not related to the behavioural measure of washing time. Conclusions: The implications of these relationships to the further development of subtypes of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are discussed.

scholarly journals The Nexus Between Hedge Fund Size and Risk-Adjusted Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Daniela Catan
Keyword(s):  
Hedge Funds ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Hedge Fund ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Fund Size ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper explores the relationship between hedge fund size and risk-adjusted performance employing a data sample of 245 US hedge funds classified into eight different investment strategies. The studied period spans from January 2005 to February 2021, with calculations performed both on the whole coverage period as well as three sub-periods, to isolate the pre-crisis, crisis, and post-crisis funds’ behavior. Similar to previous evidence found in the literature, the results reveal an inverse relationship between hedge fund size and risk-adjusted performance (as measured by the Sharpe, Treynor and Black-Treynor ratios) in most of the cases.

Interoceptive predictors of time estimation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryne Van Hedger ◽  
Kelly E. Faig ◽  
Elizabeth A. Necka ◽  
Greg Norman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Baseline Heart Rate ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Time Reproduction ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Time estimation accuracy is essential for many activities in daily life. Interoception, the process of detecting internal bodily signals, has been theorized to contribute to accurate time estimation. The present study examines the relationship between interoception, broadly conceptualized to incorporate both interoceptive accuracy and self-reported body perception, and time estimation accuracy at short (sub-second) and long (multi-second) intervals. We assessed baseline heart rate and high frequency heart rate variability, then participants (n = 63) completed a heartbeat detection task to measure interoceptive accuracy, a self-reported measure of body perception, and time reproduction and production estimation tasks. Using multivariate regression, we found that interoceptive accuracy significantly predicted long interval accuracy on the production task; however, individuals with higher interoceptive accuracy produced shorter, not necessarily more accurate, intervals on this task. Body perception was not related to time estimation. Our findings provide limited support for the role of interoception in time estimation.

The Relationship Between Attitudinal and Behavioral Measures of Sex Preference

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Calway-Fagen ◽  
Barbara Strudler Wallston ◽  
Harris Gabel
Keyword(s):  
Women's Movement ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Male Preference ◽  
Sex Preference ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Questionnaire Measure ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between an attitudal and a behavioral measure of sex preference for offspring. In addition to looking at the relationship between these measures, their relationship to other variables was also investigated. Pregnant women and their spouses (N = 56) responded to a questionnaire measure of sex preference, a behavioral measure of sex preference, Bem's Sex Role Inventory, and the Attitudes Towards Women Scale. The behavioral and questionnaire measures of sex preference were significantly related, indicating that in the area of preferred sex of firstborn children, attitudinal measures appear to be highly related to behavioral measures. Contrary to prediction, androgynous and nonandrogynous persons did not differ significantly on preferred sex of child. However, persons with a more positive attitude toward women's movement ideology showed significantly less male preference than persons with less positive attitudes toward women's movement ideology.

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