The Relationship Between Attitudinal and Behavioral Measures of Sex Preference

This study examined the relationship between an attitudal and a behavioral measure of sex preference for offspring. In addition to looking at the relationship between these measures, their relationship to other variables was also investigated. Pregnant women and their spouses (N = 56) responded to a questionnaire measure of sex preference, a behavioral measure of sex preference, Bem's Sex Role Inventory, and the Attitudes Towards Women Scale. The behavioral and questionnaire measures of sex preference were significantly related, indicating that in the area of preferred sex of firstborn children, attitudinal measures appear to be highly related to behavioral measures. Contrary to prediction, androgynous and nonandrogynous persons did not differ significantly on preferred sex of child. However, persons with a more positive attitude toward women's movement ideology showed significantly less male preference than persons with less positive attitudes toward women's movement ideology.

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Cognitive and Affective Empathy, Personal Belief in a Just World, and Bullying Among Offenders

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260515593300 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (17) ◽

pp. 2591-2604 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Belén López-Pérez ◽

Yaniv Hanoch ◽

Kayleigh Holt ◽

Michaela Gummerum

Keyword(s):

Positive Attitude ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Affective Empathy ◽

Just World ◽

Is Research ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Personal Belief ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

The Relationship ◽

Male Prisoners

Bullying extracts a heavy toll on offenders and prison staff alike. Studying what factors may affect bullying is extremely important as this may help to minimize bullying in prison. Although there is research on the relationship between lack of empathy and positive attitude toward bullying, previous research has overlooked that age may influence this relationship. In fact, previous research has shown that there are changes in empathy across the life span. Therefore, we examined whether having a positive attitude toward bullying in offenders was predicted by age, mediated by cognitive/affective empathy. Another important factor in the prediction of positive attitudes toward bullying may be the belief in a just world, as having a weak belief is related to more aggressive outbursts. Given that there is scarce research in the topic, we examined the relationship between having a positive attitude toward bullying and personal belief in a just world. To that aim, 123 sentenced adult male prisoners, selected from a Category C prison in the United Kingdom completed different questionnaires to assess their levels of cognitive and affective empathy, positive attitude toward bullying, and personal belief in a just world. As expected, age predicted a positive attitude toward bullying, mediated by affective empathy. However, we did not find a positive relationship between a positive attitude toward bullying and a personal belief in a just world. The results are discussed in terms of their application in possible intervention programs.

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Are manipulation checks necessary?

10.31234/osf.io/afmbg ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

David Hauser ◽

Phoebe C. Ellsworth ◽

Richard Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Alternative Methods ◽

Behavioral Measure ◽

Order Effects ◽

Behavioral Measures ◽

Manipulation Check ◽

Pilot Testing ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

The Relationship ◽

Default Assumption ◽

Rule Out

Researchers are concerned about whether manipulations have the intended effects. Many journals and reviewers view manipulation checks favorably, and they are widely reported in prestigious journals. However, the prototypical manipulation check is a verbal (rather than behavioral) measure that always appears at the same point in the procedure (rather than its order being varied to assess order effects). Embedding such manipulation checks within an experiment comes with problems. While we conceptualize manipulation checks as measures, they can also act as interventions which initiate new processes that would otherwise not occur. The default assumption that manipulation checks do not affect experimental conclusions is unwarranted. They may amplify, undo, or interact with the effects of a manipulation. Further, the use of manipulation checks in mediational analyses does not rule out confounding variables, as any unmeasured variables that correlate with the manipulation check may still drive the relationship. Alternatives such as nonverbal and behavioral measures as manipulation checks and pilot testing are less problematic. Reviewers should view manipulation checks more critically, and authors should explore alternative methods to ensure the effectiveness of manipulations.

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The Influence of Sex Appeal on Consumers Attitude toward the Ads Moderated by Product Factors

Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen ◽

10.15294/jdm.v9i2.15938 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 250-258

Author(s):

Aji Cahya Nusantara ◽

Budhi Haryanto

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Attitudes Toward Advertising ◽

Product Factor ◽

The Individual ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Auto Regression

This study wants to examine the relationship between sex appeal and attitude towards the ads, and more than, this study also wants to examine the role of product factors in moderating the relationship of this two variables. Experimental design is done to control the relation among the variables observed in this study. The participants consist of 100 males’ undergraduate students of Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta-Indonesia, who are divided into 4 groups. Generalized Auto Regression Conditional Hetero-regressive (GARCH) is statistical method chosen to analysis the data. The results showed that sex appeal is an effective stimulus affects the individual positive attitude toward an advertisement. As well as product factor is another stimulus, which effectively influence positive attitudes toward advertising. But in this study also found that the product factor is not moderate the relationship between sex appeal and positive attitude toward advertising. In addition to this study also discusses the implications of both theoretical and practical, as well as the limitations of the study.

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How does the type of product moderate consumers’ buying intentions towards traditional foods? (Study of consumer behavior in Indonesia)

Journal of Asia Business Studies ◽

10.1108/jabs-10-2018-0299 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 525-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Budhi Haryanto ◽

Djoko Purwanto ◽

Amina Sukma Dewi ◽

Edi Cahyono

Keyword(s):

Product Quality ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Structural Equations ◽

Product Type ◽

Snack Food ◽

Test Results ◽

Traditional Foods ◽

Content Type ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to explain the relationship between product quality, price and convenience with a positive attitude and intention to buy traditional food. In addition, it also aims to explain the role of the product type in moderating the relationship between these variables. Design/methodology/approach Samples were taken non-randomly, consisting of 500 snack food buyers and 500 restaurant food buyers. Some of the places chosen for sampling include Paragon Mall, Solo Grand Mall, Matahari Mall, Hartono Mall or other places in Surakarta-Indonesia, where people spend time relaxing. Furthermore, multiple structural equations model (multi group SEM) is a statistical method used to explain the relationship between the conceptual variables. Findings Some of the findings are as follows: before the product as a moderator, price and quality are the variables that influence the positive attitude and the intention to buy, while the convenience is the variable found not affecting both the positive attitude and the intention to buy. After the product type as a moderator, for snacks, the test results indicate that the price, product quality and convenience are the variables that affect the positive attitude but do not affect the intention to buy. For restaurant food, test results indicate that only prices and qualities affect positive attitudes, whereas convenience is found not to affect positive attitudes. Furthermore, only price and quality affect the intention to buy, while convenience is found not to affect the intention to buy. Originality/value This paper underlines that the type of product is a moderating variable in the buying behavior process of traditional foods. Regarding its role as a moderator variable, the relationships between variables that are conceptualized can be explained in detail, along with their significance.

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Studying the Relationship between Workplace Incivility and Employees’ Job Positive Attitude in Rafsanjan Tejarat Banks

International Journal of Human Resource Studies ◽

10.5296/ijhrs.v3i4.4770 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 216

Author(s):

Mohammad Ziaddini ◽

Hamid Mohammadi

Keyword(s):

Positive Attitude ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Workplace Incivility ◽

Measuring Instruments ◽

Spearman Correlation ◽

Statistical Software ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Meaningful Relationship ◽

Statistical Sample ◽

The Relationship

Workplace Incivility is one of negative and deviational behaviors involved in present organizations and can affect on employees’ attitudes. This research aims to study the relationship between Workplace Incivility and employees’ job positive attitude in Rafsanjan Tejarat banks. Statistical society of the research includes employed employees of Rafsanjan Tejarat banks containing 152 people and regarding limitation of statistical society, statistical sample is selected equal to statistical society. Measuring instruments are two questionnaires. Questionnaire of discourtesy behavior that was designed and organized by Hasani (2013) is 0.92. Also to measure job positive attitudes, standard questionnaire of Saeedi (2012) is used for which validity is 0.98. Using Cronbach alpha method reliabilities for every questionnaire are 0.87 and 0.94 respectively. To test hypotheses Kendal and Spearman correlation coefficients are used. All statistical analyses are done by SPSS statistical software. Regarding the results it is determined that there is no meaningful relationship between Workplace Incivility and its components ( excluding others, gossiping, roughness and hostility) with employees’ job positive attitudes in Rafsanjan Tejarat banks.

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Interaction of Anxiety and Sex-Role Identification Characteristics in American Male Sex-Role Behavior

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1973.32.3c.1135 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1135-1142 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

George P. Morris ◽

C. E. Zoerner

Keyword(s):

Sex Role ◽

College Males ◽

Role Identification ◽

Role Behavior ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Subsequent Measurement ◽

Male Sex ◽

Manifest Anxiety ◽

The Relationship

This study examined the interaction between anxiety and sex-role identification as these variables contribute to the determination of differences in individual male sex-role behavior. The relationship between manifest anxiety and sex-role identification was explored through measurements on 223 college males and through subsequent measurement of their attitudes toward hair spray, a feminine classified product. Significant interaction occurred between the three levels of anxiety; less positive attitudes were associated with the more highly anxious males.

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Counselor Attitude Toward Disabled Persons and Client Program Completion: A Pilot Study

Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling ◽

10.1891/0047-2220.7.1.50 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 50-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Conrad C. Krauft ◽

Stanford E. Rubin ◽

Daniel W. Cook ◽

Jerold D. Bozarth

Keyword(s):

Positive Attitude ◽

Disabled Persons ◽

Program Completion ◽

Rehabilitation Outcome ◽

Counselor Attitudes ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

The Disabled ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Client Program

Discussions of attitudes toward the disabled have suggested that counselor attitude toward disability may affect client rehabilitation outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of counselor attitudes toward the disabled and client rehabilitation success. Counselors who held more positive attitudes toward the disabled experienced greater success than less positive counselors when working with clients perceived to have those disabilities most different from the able-bodied. Characteristics which differentiated the more and less positive attitude counselors are given. Discussion and implications of the findings are presented.

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The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Gender-Role Orientation in Four National Samples

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001.28.2.78 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 78-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Stefan J. Troche ◽

Nina Weber ◽

Karina Hennigs ◽

Carl-René Andresen ◽

Thomas H. Rammsayer

Keyword(s):

Gender Role ◽

Sex Role ◽

Role Orientation ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Gender Role Orientation ◽

Left Hand ◽

Fourth Finger ◽

And Gender ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. The ratio of second to fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is sexually dimorphic with women having higher 2D:4D ratio than men. Recent studies on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation yielded rather inconsistent results. The present study examines the moderating influence of nationality on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation, as assessed with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Participants were 176 female and 171 male university students from Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden ranging in age from 19 to 32 years. Left-hand 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in men than in women across all nationalities. Right-hand 2D:4D ratio differed only between Swedish males and females indicating that nationality might effectively moderate the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D ratio. In none of the examined nationalities was a reliable relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation obtained. Thus, the assumption of nationality-related between-population differences does not seem to account for the inconsistent results on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation.

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