scholarly journals Interoception modulates the self-prioritization effect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuru Honda ◽  
Takashi Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Self-relevant information is processed faster and more accurately than non-self-relevant information. Such a bias is developed even for newly associated information with the self, also known as the self-prioritization effect (SPE). Interoception, which refers to the overall processing of information from inside the body, is crucial for self-relevant processing; however, little is known about its role in SPE. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the magnitude of SPE and interoceptive accuracy (IAc), defined as an individual’s ability to accurately perceive one’s own interoceptive state. Additionally, to explore the causal relationship, we measured SPE by presenting self- or non-self-relevant stimuli based on the participant's cardiac cycle in the shape-label matching task. We demonstrated that IAc was negatively correlated with the magnitude of SPE in terms of discrimination of the relevance of the stimuli. In addition, a correlation was observed only when the stimuli were presented during cardiac systole. Furthermore, IAc was negatively correlated with the processing of self-relevant stimuli but not with non-self-relevant stimuli. Our findings suggest that individuals with high IAc were less able to discriminate whether an external neutral stimulus was self-relevant when the stimulus was presented at systole. Our results may reflect the tendency to recognize the self-relevance of stimuli based on interoception in individuals with high IAc. Since the present study used geometric shapes, which are not easily recognized as stimuli that can induce changes in the interoception, individuals with high IAc assigned less self-relevance to the stimuli, resulting in weaker SPE. From this perspective, we further discussed the conditions that lead to stronger SPE in individuals with high IAc, in contrast to the present study results.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Walden
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The book’s epilogue explores the place of musical portraiture in the context of posthumous depictions of the deceased, and in relation to the so-called posthuman condition, which describes contemporary changes in the relationship of the individual with such aspects of life as technology and the body. It first examines Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo to view how Bernard Herrmann’s score relates to issues of portraiture and the depiction of the identity of the deceased. It then considers the work of cyborg composer-artist Neil Harbisson, who has aimed, through the use of new capabilities of hybridity between the body and technology, to convey something akin to visual likeness in his series of Sound Portraits. The epilogue shows how an examination of contemporary views of posthumous and posthuman identities helps to illuminate the ways music represents the self throughout the genre of musical portraiture.

scholarly journals Slithering CSF: Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics in the Stationary and Moving Viper Boa, Candoia aspera

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Young ◽  
Skye Greer ◽  
Michael Cramberg
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Lateral Undulation ◽  
Recovery From Anesthesia ◽  
The Relationship

In the viper boa (Candoia aspera), the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows two stable overlapping patterns of pulsations: low-frequency (0.08 Hz) pulses with a mean amplitude of 4.1 mmHg that correspond to the ventilatory cycle, and higher-frequency (0.66 Hz) pulses with a mean amplitude of 1.2 mmHg that correspond to the cardiac cycle. Manual oscillations of anesthetized C. aspera induced propagating sinusoidal body waves. These waves resulted in a different pattern of CSF pulsations with frequencies corresponding to the displacement frequency of the body and with amplitudes greater than those of the cardiac or ventilatory cycles. After recovery from anesthesia, the snakes moved independently using lateral undulation and concertina locomotion. The episodes of lateral undulation produced similar influences on the CSF pressure as were observed during the manual oscillations, though the induced CSF pulsations were of lower amplitude during lateral undulation. No impact on the CSF was found while C. aspera was performing concertina locomotion. The relationship between the propagation of the body and the CSF pulsations suggests that the body movements produce an impulse on the spinal CSF.

scholarly journals Experiences of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 2009-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Knapton
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health problem characterized by persistent obsessions and compulsions. This article provides insights into experiences of OCD through a qualitative, thematic analysis performed on a set of interviews with people with OCD. Four themes were found as central in the participants’ descriptions of OCD episodes: (a) space, (b) the body, (c) objects, and (d) interactions. The findings also show that episodes of OCD can be grouped into three broad categories: (a) activity episodes, which revolve around everyday tasks; (b) state episodes, which are concerned with the self and identity; and (c) object episodes, which are concerned with the effects of objects on the self. The relationship of this three-way classification of OCD episodes to existing cognitive models of OCD is discussed. The study also demonstrates the value of categorizing episodes, rather than people, into subtypes of OCD so that intra-participant variation can be highlighted.

scholarly journals A Biosemiotic Modeling of the Body-“Self” Synechism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Asuncion L. Magsino
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Semiotic System ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Body Self ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

As a counterargument to the Cartesian split that has impacted both speculative and practical fields of knowledge and culture, we propose Peirce’s doctrine of synechism to show the continuity in the semiotic activity that moves from the body as an Interpretant to the emergence of another Interpretant called the “self.” Biosemiotics, a nascent field of interdisciplinary research that tackles inquiries about signs, communication, and information involving living organisms is used as the framework in the discussion. The main question of whether a non-material “self” can emerge from a material body is tackled in many stages. First, the biosemiotic continuum is established in the natural biological processes that takes place in the body. These processes can be taken as an autonomous semiotic system generating the “language” of the body or the Primary Modeling System (PMS). Second, synechism is also observed in the relationship between the mind and the body and this is evident in any physician’s clinical practice. The patient creates a Secondary Modeling System (SMS) of how she perceives what the body communicates to her regarding its state or condition. Finally, the question about whether the emergence of “self” is synechistic as well is tackled. There is one organ from which emerges an Interpretant that is capable of generating a dialog between a Subject, that is the “self,” with its Object, and that is the brain. It is the primordial seat of specifically human activities like thought and language. The recent theory on quantum consciousness supports the doctrine synechism between the body as Interpretant to the “self” as Interpretant. This synechism is crucial for the creation of Secondary Models of “reality” that will, in turn, determine the creation of Tertiary Models more familiarly called culture.

scholarly journals Lifelogging: Digital technologies of the self as the practices of contemporary biopolitics

Sociologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-549
Author(s):  
Dusan Ristic ◽  
Dusan Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
The West ◽  
Technologies Of The Self ◽  
Power And Resistance ◽  
The Relationship

In the paper we apply a theoretical concept of technologies of the self developed by Michel Foucault to the field of lifelogging practices. Lifelogging is a global social phenomenon, a part of contemporary experience of everyday, especially in the developed societies of the West. Our hypothesis is that, despite different ways of quantifying self, lifelogging practices have some characteristics in common: they all belong to the field of biopolitics. This is demonstrated on the levels of the body, identity and subjectivity, since they are influenced and changed by lifelogging. At the same time, lifelogging practices blur the relationship between coercion and consent, power and resistance. The theoretical framework for addressing lifelogging is the concept of biopolitics, also developed by, since it refers to the mechanisms, techniques and technologies, as well as the forms of rationality that regulate life and its various manifestations. In conclusion, we claim that it is still not possible to explain lifelogging exclusively in the terms of biopower, since it has a potential for the ?counter-conduct? and resistance. This also makes lifelogging practices open for development of new forms of subjectivity.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POOR DIGESTION AND DISEASE IN PERSPECTIVE OF GRECOARAB MEDICINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Tasfiya Hakeem Ansari ◽  
Mohd. Zulkifle
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Broad Term ◽  
Extensive Stage ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

Ingested food undergoes extensive stage-wise processing inside the body so that it can provide nourishment to the tissues. This stage-wise processing of food in Greco-Arab medicine is known as digestion. Innate heat plays a vital role in digestion. In Greco-Arab medicine, digestion is a broad term that includes digestion as well as the metabolism of food. Physicians like Galen, Rhazes and Avicenna, etc. believed that good digestion plays a key role in corporal and mental well being. In the classical literature of Greco-Arab medicine various diseases are described that are caused by poor digestion. Several skin diseases like acne as well as mental diseases like depression etc. are related to poor digestion. This relationship between poor digestion and disease is attributed to the production of morbid matter. Relevant literary material is collected from the classical literature of Greco-Arab medicine. Present work is an attempt to analyze and systematize the relevant information regarding the relationship between poor digestion and disease.

Bringing Gender into the Emerging Adulthood Literature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Risman
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Gendered Identities ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter begins with an overview of the thematic trends that emerged across chapters in these analyses including the relationship between gendered identities and sexuality and the subjective negativity most respondents feel toward their bodies. The analyses are summarized to help understand contemporary meanings attached to masculinities and femininities, as well as to the powerful role of culture to frame understandings about the self, even the materiality of the body. This chapter ends by returning to a discussion of gender as a social structure at this historical moment and how the Millennials wrestle with it as they emerge into adulthood. Conceptualizing gender as a social structure helps us better understand the complex reality of these young people’s lives.

Personality and the body composition of athletes using the example of the Polish national youth female wrestling team

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 107-109
Author(s):  
Paweł Piepiora ◽  
Magdalena Superson ◽  
Kazimierz Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. A positive relationship is recognised in literature between strength and body weight. On that basis a division into weight categories has been introduced in many combat sports. Nutritional behaviours are influenced by a number of factors that indirectly affect body weight. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality and the body composition of athletes using the example of the Polish national youth female wrestling team. Material and methods. The study consisted in the performance of a personality evaluation using the NEO-FFI questionnaire and a body composition analysis using a TANITA BC-418 analyser. 15 athletes from the Polish national youth female wrestling team aged (20.26 ± 1.43 years) participated in the study. Results. The study showed a lack of relationship between personality and body composition in members of the national wrestling team. Conclusions. Research points to a relationship between nutritional behaviours and satisfying not only the physiological, but also psychological needs of the body. A thorough investigation of this mechanism and of the possibility of its application may be very helpful, especially for combat sport athletes. The ability to optimise body weight, without the necessity of ensuring its fast reduction during the pre-start period, may have a significant impact on a person’s results.

scholarly journals Organizational Behaviour: Exploring The Relationship Between Ethical Climate, Self-Efficacy And Hope

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1419
Author(s):  
Sonia Swanepoel ◽  
Petrus Botha ◽  
Rusty Rose-Innes
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Ethical Climate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Ethical Climate Questionnaire ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

This article explicates the extent to which ethical climate, self-efficacy and hope are related. The objective of the study was to determine if a relationship exist between ethical climate, hope and self-efficacy. The relationship between these constructs has not been researched previously. This research will add to the body of knowledge. Three questionnaires, namely Victor and Cullens Ethical Climate Questionnaire (ECQ) (1987), the State Hope Scale (SHS) developed by Snyder, Sympson, Ybasco, Borders, Babyak and Higgins (1996), and the Self-Efficacy Scale (SES) of Sherer, Maddux, Mercandante, Prentice-Dunn, Jacobs and Rogers (1982), were combined into one questionnaire and used to measure 97 participants responses. Various sources were compared using the Grounded Theory (GT) method. Descriptive, correlational, and inferential statistics were applied to determine the relationship between ethical climate, hope and self-efficacy. The Bravais-Pearson product-moment-correlation denotes a significant relationship between the ECQ, SHS and SES. The results demonstrate the plausibility of the integrated organizational behaviour model, which provides a new perspective on the influence of hope and self-efficacy on ethical climate.

scholarly journals Analysis of possible ratios of flux density at the shell model and its propeller in the expressions to evaluate parameters of propulsion complex at scale modeling propulsion of ships using self-propelled models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
П.А. Бимбереков
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resistance Forces

Моделирование пропульсивных характеристик судов с использованием малых самоходных моделей в опытовых бассейнах производится исходя из подобия чисел Фруда, при этом обеспечить подобие по числу Рейнольдса не удаётся. В связи с не полным моделированием параметров как потока обтекающего корпус модели, так и потока набегающего на её винт, возникает гидродинамическое несоответствие сил сопротивления самоходной модели и упора её движителя при масштабной скорости, обеспечиваемой буксировочной тележкой. Таким образом, моделирование сопряжено с рядом масштабных погрешностей, нейтрализация которых как в физическом исполнении, так и посредством введения расчётных поправок является важной задачей. Рассматривается возможность организации у корпуса и движителя самоходной модели потоков разной плотности для нейтрализации некоторых видов масштабных погрешностей. Для анализа выбрана зависимость пересчёта с модели на натуру, использующая поправочные коэффициенты в виде степенной функции масштаба для корпуса и движителя модели. Получены зависимости взаимосвязи плотностей обтекающего корпус и набегающего на гребной винт потоков в оговариваемых вариантах соотношения степеней пересчёта с модели на натурное судно. Намечаются подходы к практической реализации рассматриваемой задачи изменения натекающих потоков, обтекающих корпус и движитель самоходной модели, связанные с отсосом и подачей жидкости. Simulation of propulsive characteristics of vessels using small self-propelled models in the experimental pools is based on the similarity of Froude numbers, while it is not possible to provide similarity in the Reynolds number. Due to the incomplete modeling of the parameters of both the flow around the body of the model and the flow incident on its screw, there is a hydrodynamic mismatch of the resistance forces of the self-propelled model and the emphasis of its propulsion at the scale speed provided by the towing cart. Thus, the simulation involves a number of large-scale errors, the neutralization of which both in physical performance and through the introduction of computational corrections is an important task. The possibility of organization of self-propelled model of flows of different density for neutralization of some types of scale errors is considered. For the analysis, the dependence of the conversion from model to nature, using the correction factors in the form of a power function of the scale of the model for the body and the engine of the model, was chosen. The dependences of the relationship of the densities streams around the hull and the propeller streams to be specified embodiments, the ratio of the degree of recalculate dependencies of the model of the hull and propeller to full-scale vessel. Approaches to the practical implementation of the considered problem of changing the flowing flows around the hull and the self-propelled propulsion associated with the suction and supply of liquid are outlined.

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