scholarly journals Real-time Internet Control of Situated Human Agents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niccolo Pescetelli ◽  
Manuel Cebrian ◽  
Iyad Rahwan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Internet Control ◽  
Scalable Internet ◽  
Simple Heuristics

We present an online platform, called BeeMe, designed to test the current boundaries of Internet collective action and problem solving. BeeMe allows a scalable internet crowd of online users to collectively control the actions of a human surrogate acting in physical space. BeeMe demonstrates how intelligent goal-oriented decision-making can emerge from large crowds in quasi real-time.We analyzed data collected from a global BeeMe live performance that involved thousands of individuals, collectively solving a sci-fi Internet mystery. We study simple heuristic algorithms that read in users' chat messages and output human actionable commands representing majority preferences, and compare their performance to the behavior of a human operator solving the same task. Results show that simple heuristics can achieve near-human performance in interpreting the democratic consensus. When human and machine's output differ, the discrepancy is often due to human bias favoring non-representative views. We discuss our results in light of previous work and the contemporary debate on democratic digital systems.

scholarly journals Mycological rationality: Heuristics, perception and decision-making in mushroom foraging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roope Oskari Kaaronen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Ecological Rationality ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Decisions Under Uncertainty ◽  
Rules Of Thumb ◽  
Intuitive Decision Making ◽  
Human Foraging ◽  
Simple Heuristics

How do mushroom foragers make safe and efficient decisions under uncertainty, or deal with the genuine risks of misiden-tification and poisoning? This article is an inquiry into ecological rationality, heuristics, perception, and decision-makingin mushroom foraging. By surveying 894 Finnish mushroom foragers, this article illustrates how socially learned rules of thumb and heuristics are used in mushroom foraging, and how simple heuristics are often complemented by more complex and intuitive decision-making. The results illustrate how traditional foraging cultures have evolved precautionary heuristics to deal with uncertainties and poisonous species, and how foragers develop selective attention through experience. The study invites us to consider whether other human foraging cultures might use heuristics similarly, how and why such traditions have culturally evolved, and whether early hunter-gatherers might have used simple heuristics to deal with uncertainty.

scholarly journals Parallel Constraint Satisfaction in Memory-Based Decisions

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Glöckner ◽  
Sara D. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Decision Strategies ◽  
Simple Heuristics ◽  
Decision Times

Three studies sought to investigate decision strategies in memory-based decisions and to test the predictions of the parallel constraint satisfaction (PCS) model for decision making (Glöckner & Betsch, 2008). Time pressure was manipulated and the model was compared against simple heuristics (take the best and equal weight) and a weighted additive strategy. From PCS we predicted that fast intuitive decision making is based on compensatory information integration and that decision time increases and confidence decreases with increasing inconsistency in the decision task. In line with these predictions we observed a predominant usage of compensatory strategies under all time-pressure conditions and even with decision times as short as 1.7 s. For a substantial number of participants, choices and decision times were best explained by PCS, but there was also evidence for use of simple heuristics. The time-pressure manipulation did not significantly affect decision strategies. Overall, the results highlight intuitive, automatic processes in decision making and support the idea that human information-processing capabilities are less severely bounded than often assumed.

Multi-objective integrated planning and scheduling model for operating rooms under uncertainty

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
pp. 930-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Ansarifar ◽  
Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam ◽  
Faezeh Akhavizadegan ◽  
Saman Hassanzadeh Amin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Operating Rooms ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Test Problems ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective

This article formulates the operating rooms considering several constraints of the real world, such as decision-making styles, multiple stages for surgeries, time windows for resources, and specialty and complexity of surgery. Based on planning, surgeries are assigned to the working days. Then, the scheduling part determines the sequence of surgeries per day. Moreover, an integrated fuzzy possibilistic–stochastic mathematical programming approach is applied to consider some sources of uncertainty, simultaneously. Net revenues of operating rooms are maximized through the first objective function. Minimizing a decision-making style inconsistency among human resources and maximizing utilization of operating rooms are considered as the second and third objectives, respectively. Two popular multi-objective meta-heuristic algorithms including Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization are utilized for solving the developed model. Moreover, different comparison metrics are applied to compare the two proposed meta-heuristics. Several test problems based on the data obtained from a public hospital located in Iran are used to display the performance of the model. According to the results, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II outperforms the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm in most of the utilized metrics. Moreover, the results indicate that our proposed model is more effective and efficient to schedule and plan surgeries and assign resources than manual scheduling.

Donohue+: Developing performer-specific electronic improvisatory accompaniment for instrumental improvisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Sam Gillies ◽  
Maria Sappho Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Instrument Design ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Musical Language ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Collaborative Process ◽  
Creative Practice ◽  
Free Improvisation ◽  
Music Making

Electronic systems designed to improvise with a live instrumental performer are a constant mediation of musical language and artificial decision-making. Often these systems are designed to elicit a reaction in a very broad way, relying on segmenting and playing back audio material according to a fixed or mobile set of rules or analysis. As a result, such systems can produce an outcome that sounds generic across different improvisers, or restrict meaningful electroacoustic improvisation to those performers with a matching capacity for designing improvisatory electroacoustic processing. This article documents the development of an improvisatory electroacoustic instrument for pianist Maria Donohue as a collaborative process for music-making. The Donohue+ program is a bespoke electroacoustic improvisatory system designed to augment the performance capabilities of Maria, enabling her to achieve new possibilities in live performance. Through the process of development, Maria’s performative style, within the broader context of free improvisation, was analysed and used to design an interactive electronic system. The end result of this process is a meaningful augmentation of the piano in accordance with Maria’s creative practice, differing significantly from other improvising electroacoustic instruments she has previously experimented with. Through the process of development, Donohue+ identifies a practice for instrument design that engages not only with a performer’s musical materials but also with a broader free improvisation aesthetic.

scholarly journals Engaging the Senses: The Potential of Emotional Data for Participation in Urban Planning

Urban Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afif Fathullah ◽  
Katharine Willis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Information Layer ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Planning Decision

This paper presents an exploratory study on the potential for sharing urban data; one where citizens create their own data and use it to understand and influence urban planning decisions. The aim of the study is to explore new models of participation through the sharing of emotional data and focuses on the relationship between the physical space and emotions through identifying the links between stress levels and specific features of the urban environment. It addresses the problem in urban planning that, while people’s emotional connection with the physical urban setting is often valued, it is rarely recognised or used as a source of data to understand future decision making. The method involved participants using a (GSR) device linked to location data to measure participant’s emotional responses along a walking route in a city centre environment. Results show correlations between characteristics of the urban environment and stress levels, as well as how specific features of the city spaces create stress ‘peaks’. In the discussion we review how the data obtained could contribute to citizens creating their own information layer—an emotional layer—that could inform a shared approach to participation in urban planning decision-making. The future implications of the application of this method as an approach to public participation in urban planning are also considered.

A Fuzzy-Based Approach to Support Decision Making in Complex Military Environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Hanratty ◽  
E. Allison Newcomb ◽  
Robert J. Hammell II ◽  
John T. Richardson ◽  
Mark R. Mittrick
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Military Intelligence ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Cyber Intelligence ◽  
Soft Computing Techniques ◽  
The Military

Data for military intelligence operations are increasing at astronomical rates. As a result, significant cognitive and temporal resources are required to determine which information is relevant to a particular situation. Soft computing techniques, such as fuzzy logic, have recently been applied toward decision support systems to support military intelligence analysts in selecting relevant and reliable data within the military decision making process. This article examines the development of one such system and its evaluation using a constructive simulation and human performance model to provided critical understanding of how this conceptual information system might interact with personnel, organizational, and system architectures. In addition, similarities between military intelligence analysts and cyber intelligence analysts are detailed along with a plan for transitioning the current fuzzy-based system to the cyber security domain.

The Value of EEG-Based Electromagnetic Tomographic Analysis in Human Performance and Mental Health

Biofeedback ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Collura ◽  
Nancy L. Wigton ◽  
Carlos Zalaquett ◽  
SeriaShia Chatters-Smith ◽  
Ronald J. Bonnstetter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Choice Making ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tomographic Analysis ◽  
Work Done

Most work done in areas such as counseling, therapy, leadership, and coaching involves some aspect of decision making. New electroencephalographic (EEG) electromagnetic tomographic analysis (ETA) imaging techniques provide a mechanism for exploring decisions, while the individual is directly engaged in everyday choice making, by exposing our precognitive emotional responses to identified thoughts, feelings, and actions. This article discusses gamma wave activity research, at the precognitive level, and its use for describing approach-avoidance decision making. Armed with these new insights, an individual can better understand the emotional triggers that affect our daily decisions.

Objective Reduction in Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization: Theory and Applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimo Brockhoff ◽  
Eckart Zitzler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Dominance Structure ◽  
Objective Reduction ◽  
Research Questions

Many-objective problems represent a major challenge in the field of evolutionary multiobjective optimization—in terms of search efficiency, computational cost, decision making, visualization, and so on. This leads to various research questions, in particular whether certain objectives can be omitted in order to overcome or at least diminish the difficulties that arise when many, that is, more than three, objective functions are involved. This study addresses this question from different perspectives. First, we investigate how adding or omitting objectives affects the problem characteristics and propose a general notion of conflict between objective sets as a theoretical foundation for objective reduction. Second, we present both exact and heuristic algorithms to systematically reduce the number of objectives, while preserving as much as possible of the dominance structure of the underlying optimization problem. Third, we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed objective reduction method in the context of both decision making and search for a radar waveform application as well as for well-known test functions.

scholarly journals Role of human factors in pediatric cardiac surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2016 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aklaque Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Pediatric Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Intended Action ◽  
Healthcare Improvement ◽  
Attention Memory

According to the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, “human factors” refers to the discipline of engineering that details the interface of people, equipment and the environment in which they work. Issues that impact human performance and increase the risk of error include factors that directly enable decision making, such as perception, attention, memory, reasoning, judgement and factors that directly enable decision execution, such as communication and the ability to carry out the intended action. 

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