scholarly journals Predicting subjective liking of bitter and sweet liquid solutions using facial electromyography during emptying, swirling, and while thinking about the taste

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Robert Cannon ◽  
Bei Li ◽  
John M. Grigor
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Facial Muscle ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Major Activity ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Liquid Solutions ◽  
Oral Processing

Hedonic responses to foods are often measured using subjective liking ratings scales. This is problematic because food behaviours are complex and single measurements points that occur after tasting are unable to capture an individual’s dynamic affective state. To address this limitation, techniques have been developed to sample subjective affective responses during oral processing, such as temporal dominance of emotion. These methods are also limited because they interrupt natural behaviours associated with food and oral processing. The present research investigates the potential use of electromyography as a means to predict subjective liking ratings using affective facial muscle activity recorded at different phases of oral processing while tasting liquids. Using linear mixed models, muscle activity recorded while emptying into the mouth, swirling, and thinking about the taste of bitter and sweet liquid solutions was used to predict subjective liking ratings. During different phases of the tasting, these mixed models demonstrate that zygomaticus major activity predicted increased liking and that corrugator supercilii and levator labii superioris predicted decreased liking. The change in liking ratings predicted by each muscle varied depending on whether participants were emptying, swirling, or thinking about the taste. We conclude that facial muscle activity is a valuable measure of affective responses during dynamic food behaviours.

scholarly journals Associations between Cognitive Concepts of Self and Emotional Facial Expressions with an Emphasis on Emotion Awareness

Psych ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Peter Walla ◽  
Aimee Mavratzakis
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
The Self ◽  
Facial Muscle ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Emotional Pictures

Recognising our own and others’ emotions is vital for healthy social development. The aim of the current study was to determine how emotions related to the self or to another influence behavioural expressions of emotion. Facial electromyography (EMG) was used to record spontaneous facial muscle activity in nineteen participants while they passively viewed negative, positive and neutral emotional pictures during three blocks of referential instructions. Each participant imagined themself, another person or no one experiencing the emotional scenario, with the priming words “You”, “Him” or “None” presented before each picture for the respective block of instructions. Emotion awareness (EA) was also recorded using the TAS-20 alexithymia questionnaire. Corrugator supercilii (cs) muscle activity increased significantly between 500 and 1000 ms post stimulus onset during negative and neutral picture presentations, regardless of ownership. Independent of emotion, cs activity was greatest during the “no one” task and lowest during the “self” task from less than 250 to 1000 ms. Interestingly, the degree of cs activation during referential tasks was further modulated by EA. Low EA corresponded to significantly stronger cs activity overall compared with high EA, and this effect was even more pronounced during the “no one” task. The findings suggest that cognitive processes related to the perception of emotion ownership can influence spontaneous facial muscle activity, but that a greater degree of integration between higher cognitive and lower affective levels of information may interrupt or suppress these behavioural expressions of emotion.

scholarly journals The perception of time is dynamically interlocked with the facial muscle activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre C. Fernandes ◽  
Teresa Garcia-Marques
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Afferent Feedback ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Facial Muscle ◽  
Subjective Duration ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Perceptual Timing ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Zygomaticus Major

AbstractTime perception relies on the motor system. Involves core brain regions of this system, including those associated with feelings generated from sensorimotor states. Perceptual timing is also distorted when movement occurs during timing tasks, possibly by interfering with sensorimotor afferent feedback. However, it is unknown if the perception of time is an active process associated with specific patterns of muscle activity. We explored this idea based on the phenomenon of electromyographic gradients, which consists of the dynamic increase of muscle activity during cognitive tasks that require sustained attention, a critical function in perceptual timing. We aimed to determine whether facial muscle dynamic activity indexes the subjective representation of time. We asked participants to judge stimuli durations (varying in familiarity) while we monitored the time course of the activity of the zygomaticus-major and corrugator-supercilii muscles, both associated with cognitive and affective feelings. The dynamic electromyographic activity in corrugator-supercilii over time reflected objective time and this relationship predicted subjective judgments of duration. Furthermore, the zygomaticus-major muscle signaled the bias that familiarity introduces in duration judgments. This suggests that subjective duration could be an embodiment process based in motor information changing over time and their associated feelings.

scholarly journals Learning of Facial Responses to Faces Associated with Positive or Negative Emotional Expressions

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Aguado ◽  
Francisco J. Román ◽  
Sonia Rodríguez ◽  
Teresa Diéguez-Risco ◽  
Verónica Romero-Ferreiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Affective Meaning ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion

AbstractThe possibility that facial expressions of emotion change the affective valence of faces through associative learning was explored using facial electromyography (EMG). In Experiment 1, EMG activity was registered while the participants (N = 57) viewed sequences of neutral faces (Stimulus 1 or S1) changing to either a happy or an angry expression (Stimulus 2 or S2). As a consequence of learning, participants who showed patterning of facial responses in the presence of angry and happy faces, that is, higher Corrugator Supercilii (CS) activity in the presence of angry faces and higher Zygomaticus Major (ZM) activity in the presence of happy faces, showed also a similar pattern when viewing the corresponding S1 faces. Explicit evaluations made by an independent sample of participants (Experiment 2) showed that evaluation of S1 faces was changed according to the emotional expression with which they had been associated. These results are consistent with an interpretation of rapid facial reactions to faces as affective responses that reflect the valence of the stimulus and that are sensitive to learned changes in the affective meaning of faces.

scholarly journals Language That Puts You in Touch With Your Bodily Feelings

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 974-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Foroni ◽  
Gün R. Semin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Facial Muscle ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Bodily Feelings ◽  
Action Verbs

Observing and producing a smile activate the very same facial muscles. In Experiment 1, we predicted and found that verbal stimuli (action verbs) that refer to emotional expressions elicit the same facial muscle activity (facial electromyography) as visual stimuli do. These results are evidence that language referring to facial muscular activity is not amodal, as traditionally assumed, but is instead bodily grounded. These findings were extended in Experiment 2, in which subliminally presented verbal stimuli were shown to drive muscle activation and to shape judgments, but not when muscle activation was blocked. These experiments provide an important bridge between research on the neurobiological basis of language and related behavioral research. The implications of these findings for theories of language and other domains of cognitive psychology (e.g., priming) are discussed.

Signal-To-Noise Ratio Calculations to Validate Sensor Positioning for Facial Muscle Assessment Using Noninvasive Facial Electromyography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Frank ◽  
Nicholas Moellhoff ◽  
Antonia Kaiser ◽  
Michael Alfertshofer ◽  
Robert H. Gotkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Facial Muscle ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Baseline Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio

AbstractThe evaluation of neuromodulator treatment outcomes can be performed by noninvasive surface-derived facial electromyography (fEMG) which can detect cumulative muscle fiber activity deep to the skin. The objective of the present study is to identify the most reliable facial locations where the motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) of various facial muscles can be quantified during fEMG measurements. The study population consisted of five males and seven females (31.0 [12.9] years, body mass index of 22.15 [1.6] kg/m2). Facial muscle activity was assessed in several facial regions in each patient for their respective muscle activity utilizing noninvasive surface-derived fEMG. Variables of interest were the average root mean square of three performed muscle contractions (= signal) (µV), mean root mean square between those contraction with the face in a relaxed facial expression (= baseline noise) (µV), and the signal to noise ratio (SNR). A total of 1,709 processed fEMG signals revealed one specific reliable location in each investigated region based on each muscle's anatomy, on the highest value of the SNR, on the lowest value for the baseline noise, and on the practicability to position the sensor while performing a facial expression. The results of this exploratory study may help guiding future researchers and practitioners in designing study protocols and measuring individual facial MUAP when utilizing fEMG. The locations presented herein were selected based on the measured parameters (SNR, signal, baseline noise) and on the practicability and reproducibility of sensor placement.

scholarly journals Reading About Us and Them: Moral but no Minimal Group Effects on Language-Induced Emotion

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn 't Hart ◽  
Marijn Struiksma ◽  
Anton van Boxtel ◽  
Jos J. A. van Berkum
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Good Person ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Minimal Group ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
New Evidence

Many of our everyday emotional responses are triggered by language, and a full understanding of how people use language therefore also requires an analysis of how words elicit emotion as they are heard or read. We report a facial electromyography experiment in which we recorded corrugator supercilii, or “frowning muscle”, activity to assess how readers processed emotion-describing language in moral and minimal in/outgroup contexts. Participants read sentence-initial phrases like “Mark is angry” or “Mark is happy” after descriptions that defined the character at hand as a good person, a bad person, a member of a minimal ingroup, or a member of a minimal outgroup (realizing the latter two by classifying participants as personality “type P” and having them read about characters of “type P” or “type O”). As in our earlier work, moral group status of the character clearly modulated how readers responded to descriptions of character emotions, with more frowning to “Mark is angry” than to “Mark is happy” when the character had previously been described as morally good, but not when the character had been described as morally bad. Minimal group status, however, did not matter to how the critical phrases were processed, with more frowning to “Mark is angry” than to “Mark is happy” across the board. Our morality-based findings are compatible with a model in which readers use their emotion systems to simultaneously simulate a character’s emotion and evaluate that emotion against their own social standards. The minimal-group result does not contradict this model, but also does not provide new evidence for it.

scholarly journals The facial feedback hypothesis and automatic mimicry in perception of sung emotion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Chan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Facial Feedback ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Imagery Group ◽  
Expressed Emotions ◽  
Perception Group

Facial mimicry in response to emotional and neutral singing was tested in the context of an emotion judgment task. Participants were tested in two conditions, Perception (n=16) and Imagery (n=21). Participants were presented with video clips showing a singer expressing happy, neutral and sad emotions, and were asked to identify the expressed emotions, as well as rate their intensity. Participants in the Perception group were asked to simply watch the video clips, while participants in the Imagery group were also asked to imagine imitating the song fragment after watching the model singer. Facial electromyography was used to monitor acitivity in the corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major muscles. Results showed more corrugator muscle activity for sad than happy trials, and more zygomaticus activity for happy than sad trials. No differences were found between conditions, suggesting that mimicry is an automatic process, not requiring encouragement prompted by imagery.

scholarly journals Brow and Masticatory Muscle Activity Senses Subjective Hedonic Experiences during Food Consumption

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4216
Author(s):  
Wataru Sato ◽  
Akira Ikegami ◽  
Sayaka Ishihara ◽  
Makoto Nakauma ◽  
Takahiro Funami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Masticatory Muscle ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Masticatory Muscle Activity

Sensing subjective hedonic or emotional experiences during eating using physiological activity is practically and theoretically important. A recent psychophysiological study has reported that facial electromyography (EMG) measured from the corrugator supercilii muscles was negatively associated with hedonic ratings, including liking, wanting, and valence, during the consumption of solid foods. However, the study protocol prevented participants from natural mastication (crushing of food between the teeth) during physiological data acquisition, which could hide associations between hedonic experiences and masticatory muscle activity during natural eating. We investigated this issue by assessing participants’ subjective ratings (liking, wanting, valence, and arousal) and recording physiological measures, including EMG of the corrugator supercilii, zygomatic major, masseter, and suprahyoid muscles while they consumed gel-type solid foods (water-based gellan gum jellies) of diverse flavors. Ratings of liking, wanting, and valence were negatively correlated with corrugator supercilii EMG and positively correlated with masseter and suprahyoid EMG. These findings imply that subjective hedonic experiences during food consumption can be sensed using EMG signals from the brow and masticatory muscles.

scholarly journals Psychophysiological Indices of Music-Evoked Emotions in Musicians

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattson Ogg ◽  
David R. W. Sears ◽  
Manuela M. Marin ◽  
Stephen McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Music Listening ◽  
Musical Form ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Major Activity ◽  
Psychophysiological Measures ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Participant Selection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Psychophysiological Correlates ◽  
Experimental Findings

A number of psychophysiological measures indexing autonomic and somatovisceral activation to music have been proposed in line with the wider emotion literature. However, attempts to replicate experimental findings and provide converging evidence for music-evoked emotions through physiological changes, overt expression, and subjective measures have had mixed success. This may be due to issues in stimulus and participant selection. Therefore, the aim of Experiment 1 was to select musical stimuli that were controlled for instrumentation, musical form, style, and familiarity. We collected a wide range of subjective responses from 30 highly trained musicians to music varying along the affective dimensions of arousal and valence. Experiment 2 examined a set of psychophysiological correlates of emotion in 20 different musicians by measuring heart rate, skin conductance, and facial electromyography during listening without requiring behavioral reports. Excerpts rated higher in arousal in Experiment 1 elicited larger cardiovascular and electrodermal responses. Excerpts rated positively in valence produced higher zygomaticus major activity, whereas excerpts rated negatively in valence produced higher corrugator supercilii activity. These findings provide converging evidence of emotion induction during music listening in musicians via subjective self-reports and psychophysiological measures, and further, that such responses are similar to emotions observed outside the musical domain.

scholarly journals The facial feedback hypothesis and automatic mimicry in perception of sung emotion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Chan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Facial Feedback ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Imagery Group ◽  
Expressed Emotions ◽  
Perception Group

Facial mimicry in response to emotional and neutral singing was tested in the context of an emotion judgment task. Participants were tested in two conditions, Perception (n=16) and Imagery (n=21). Participants were presented with video clips showing a singer expressing happy, neutral and sad emotions, and were asked to identify the expressed emotions, as well as rate their intensity. Participants in the Perception group were asked to simply watch the video clips, while participants in the Imagery group were also asked to imagine imitating the song fragment after watching the model singer. Facial electromyography was used to monitor acitivity in the corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major muscles. Results showed more corrugator muscle activity for sad than happy trials, and more zygomaticus activity for happy than sad trials. No differences were found between conditions, suggesting that mimicry is an automatic process, not requiring encouragement prompted by imagery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document