scholarly journals Subgenual cingulate-amygdala functional disconnection and vulnerability to melancholic depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Ian Workman ◽  
Karen E. Lythe ◽  
Shane McKie ◽  
Jorge Moll ◽  
Jennifer A. Gethin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Melancholic Depression ◽  
Neural Signature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
Subgenual Cingulate

The syndromic heterogeneity of major depressive disorder (MDD) hinders understanding of the etiology of predisposing vulnerability traits and underscores the importance of identifying neurobiologically valid phenotypes. Distinctive fMRI biomarkers of vulnerability to MDD subtypes are currently lacking. This study investigated whether remitted melancholic MDD patients, who are at an elevated lifetime risk for depressive episodes, demonstrate distinctive patterns of resting-state connectivity with the subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC), known to be of core pathophysiological importance for severe and familial forms of MDD. We hypothesized that patterns of disrupted SCC connectivity would be a distinguishing feature of melancholia. A total of 63 medication-free remitted MDD (rMDD) patients (33 melancholic and 30 nonmelancholic) and 39 never-depressed healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state fMRI scanning. SCC connectivity was investigated with closely connected bilateral a priori regions of interest (ROIs) relevant to MDD (anterior temporal, ventromedial prefrontal, dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, amygdala, hippocampus, septal region, and hypothalamus). Decreased (less positive) SCC connectivity with the right parahippocampal gyrus and left amygdala distinguished melancholic rMDD patients from the nonmelancholic rMDD and HC groups (cluster-based familywise error-corrected p⩽0.007 over individual a priori ROIs corresponding to approximate Bonferroni-corrected p⩽0.05 across all seven a priori ROIs). No areas demonstrating increased (more positive) connectivity were observed. Abnormally decreased connectivity of the SCC with the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus distinguished melancholic from nonmelancholic rMDD. These results provide the first resting-state neural signature distinctive of melancholic rMDD and may reflect a subtype-specific primary vulnerability factor given a lack of association with the number of previous episodes.

Improvement in prefrontal thalamic connectivity during the early course of the illness in recent-onset psychosis: a 12-month longitudinal follow-up resting-state fMRI study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Daniel Bergé ◽  
Tyler A. Lesh ◽  
Jason Smucny ◽  
Cameron S. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Clinical Meaning ◽  
Mixed Pattern ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Previous research in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has shown a mixed pattern of disrupted thalamocortical connectivity in psychosis. The clinical meaning of these findings and their stability over time remains unclear. We aimed to study thalamocortical connectivity longitudinally over a 1-year period in participants with recent-onset psychosis. Methods To this purpose, 129 individuals with recent-onset psychosis and 87 controls were clinically evaluated and scanned using rs-fMRI. Among them, 43 patients and 40 controls were re-scanned and re-evaluated 12 months later. Functional connectivity between the thalamus and the rest of the brain was calculated using a seed to voxel approach, and then compared between groups and correlated with clinical features cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Results At baseline, participants with recent-onset psychosis showed increased connectivity (compared to controls) between the thalamus and somatosensory and temporal regions (k = 653, T = 5.712), as well as decreased connectivity between the thalamus and left cerebellum and right prefrontal cortex (PFC; k = 201, T = −4.700). Longitudinal analyses revealed increased connectivity over time in recent-onset psychosis (relative to controls) in the right middle frontal gyrus. Conclusions Our results support the concept of abnormal thalamic connectivity as a core feature in psychosis. In agreement with a non-degenerative model of illness in which functional changes occur early in development and do not deteriorate over time, no evidence of progressive deterioration of connectivity during early psychosis was observed. Indeed, regionally increased connectivity between thalamus and PFC was observed.

scholarly journals Establishment of Effective Biomarkers for Depression Diagnosis With Fusion of Multiple Resting-State Connectivity Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Li ◽  
Xin Dai ◽  
Huawang Wu ◽  
Lijie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Underlying Basis ◽  
Sliding Window Method ◽  
The Right ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental disorder and is lacking in biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that functional abnormalities of the unifying triple networks are the underlying basis of the neuropathology of depression. However, whether the functional properties of the triple network are effective biomarkers for the diagnosis of depression remains unclear. In our study, we used independent component analysis to define the triple networks, and resting-state functional connectivities (RSFCs), effective connectivities (EC) measured with dynamic causal modeling (DCM), and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) measured with the sliding window method were applied to map the functional interactions between subcomponents of triple networks. Two-sample t-tests with p < 0.05 with Bonferroni correction were used to identify the significant differences between healthy controls (HCs) and MDD. Compared with HCs, the MDD showed significantly increased intrinsic FC between the left central executive network (CEN) and salience network (SAL), increased EC from the right CEN to left CEN, decreased EC from the right CEN to the default mode network (DMN), and decreased dFC between the right CEN and SAL, DMN. Moreover, by fusion of the changed RSFC, EC, and dFC as features, support vector classification could effectively distinguish the MDD from HCs. Our results demonstrated that fusion of the multiple functional connectivities measures of the triple networks is an effective way to reveal functional disruptions for MDD, which may facilitate establishing the clinical diagnosis biomarkers for depression.

scholarly journals Resting-state neural network disturbances that underpin the emergence of emotional symptoms in adolescent girls: resting-state fMRI study

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gin S. Malhi ◽  
Pritha Das ◽  
Tim Outhred ◽  
Richard A. Bryant ◽  
Vince Calhoun
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Right

BackgroundSubsyndromal emotional symptoms in adolescence may represent precursors for full-blown emotional disorders in early adulthood. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms that drive this development is essential for prevention.AimsSelf-referential processing and emotion regulation are remodelled substantively during adolescence, therefore this study examined integration of key neural networks involved in these processes.MethodAt baseline, clinical and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected for 88 adolescent girls (mean age 15 years), and 71 of these girls underwent repeat clinical assessment after 2 years. These 71 girls were then partitioned into two groups depending on the presence (ES+) or absence (ES−) of emotional symptoms, and differences in dynamic functional network connectivity were determined and correlated with clinical variables.ResultsThe two groups displayed a differential pattern of functional connectivity involving the left lateral prefrontal network (LPFN). Specifically, in the ES+ group this network displayed positive coupling with the right LPFN but negative coupling with the default mode network, and the inverse of this pattern was found in the ES− group. Furthermore, the coupling strengths between left and right LPFN at the irst time point predicted follow-up depression and state anxiety scores.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that in adolescent girls, emotional symptoms may emerge as a result of impaired integration between networks involved in self-referential information processing and approach-avoidance behaviours. These impairments can compromise the pursuit of important goals and have an impact on emotion processing and finally may lead to the development of emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression in adulthood.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Identifying Methamphetamine Dependence Using Regional Homogeneity in BOLD Signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hufei Yu ◽  
Shucai Huang ◽  
Xiaojie Zhang ◽  
Qiuping Huang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Methamphetamine Dependence ◽  
Adaboost Classifier ◽  
The Right ◽  
Leave One Out

Methamphetamine is a highly addictive drug of abuse, which will cause a series of abnormal consequences mentally and physically. This paper is aimed at studying whether the abnormalities of regional homogeneity (ReHo) could be effective features to distinguish individuals with methamphetamine dependence (MAD) from control subjects using machine-learning methods. We made use of resting-state fMRI to measure the regional homogeneity of 41 individuals with MAD and 42 age- and sex-matched control subjects and found that compared with control subjects, individuals with MAD have lower ReHo values in the right medial superior frontal gyrus but higher ReHo values in the right temporal inferior fusiform. In addition, AdaBoost classifier, a pretty effective ensemble learning of machine learning, was employed to classify individuals with MAD from control subjects with abnormal ReHo values. By utilizing the leave-one-out cross-validation method, we got the accuracy more than 84.3%, which means we can almost distinguish individuals with MAD from the control subjects in ReHo values via machine-learning approaches. In a word, our research results suggested that the AdaBoost classifier-neuroimaging approach may be a promising way to find whether a person has been addicted to methamphetamine, and also, this paper shows that resting-state fMRI should be considered as a biomarker, a noninvasive and effective assistant tool for evaluating MAD.

Heart rate variability interacts with recovery of resting-state connectivity in amygdala circuitry and the persistence of symptoms after sport-related concussion

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (20 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S15.2-S16
Author(s):  
Kevin Bickart ◽  
Christopher Andrew Sheridan ◽  
Corey M. Thibeault ◽  
Robert Hamilton ◽  
James LeVangie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Network Recovery ◽  
Symptom Persistence ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveWe investigated longitudinal trajectories of resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI), autonomic function, and graded symptoms after sport-related concussion (SRC).BackgroundLimbic circuitry may be particularly vulnerable to traumatic brain injury, which could explain the affective and autonomic dysfunction that some patients develop. Relatively few studies have performed longitudinal rsfMRI analyses in concussion and fewer have combined imaging with autonomic and symptom data. We leveraged published limbic rsfMRI networks centered on the amygdala that include core affective and autonomic structures to test whether athletes with SRC would have altered connectivity, and that network recovery would be related to measures of autonomic function and symptom persistence.Design/MethodsWe compared rsfMRI connectivity of amygdala networks in college athletes with SRC (N = 31, female = 14) at three time points after concussion (T1 = 4 days, T2 = 10–14 days, T3 = 2–3 months) and matched controls with no concussion (in-sport control [ISC] N = 36, female = 17).ResultsSRCs show greater amygdala network connectivity as compared to ISCs (T1 p = 0.003, T2 p = 0.014) that normalizes over time (T3 p = 0.182). However, SRCs with higher versus lower heart rate variability (HRV), as measured by pNN50 at T1, have opposing trajectories of connectivity. That is, SRCs with higher HRV have connectivity that starts high and normalizes over time (T1 p = 0.001, T2 p = 0.055, T3 p = 0.576) whereas SRCs with lower HRV have connectivity that increases over time (T1 p = 0.429, T2 p = 0.050, T3 p = 0.002). Furthermore, SRCs with greatest connectivity at T3, presumably the least recovered, have the most symptoms on the Graded Symptom Checklist at ∼3 months (r = 0.635, p = 0.001).ConclusionsHeightened connectivity of amygdala circuitry acutely after a concussion and its normalization over time may be protective, and with HRV, may be a biomarker of symptom persistence.

scholarly journals Altered Intra- and Interregional Synchronization in Resting-State Cerebral Networks Associated with Chronic Tinnitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Chen ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Wei Li ◽  
Wenqing Xia ◽  
Xu Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Chronic Tinnitus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tinnitus Distress ◽  
The Right

Objective. Subjective tinnitus is hypothesized to arise from aberrant neural activity; however, its neural bases are poorly understood. To identify aberrant neural networks involved in chronic tinnitus, we compared the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) patterns of tinnitus patients and healthy controls.Materials and Methods. Resting-state fMRI measurements were obtained from a group of chronic tinnitus patients (n=29) with normal hearing and well-matched healthy controls (n=30). Regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis and functional connectivity analysis were used to identify abnormal brain activity; these abnormalities were compared to tinnitus distress.Results. Relative to healthy controls, tinnitus patients had significant greater ReHo values in several brain regions including the bilateral anterior insula (AI), left inferior frontal gyrus, and right supramarginal gyrus. Furthermore, the left AI showed enhanced functional connectivity with the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), while the right AI had enhanced functional connectivity with the right MFG; these measures were positively correlated with Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaires (r=0.459,P=0.012andr=0.479,P=0.009, resp.).Conclusions. Chronic tinnitus patients showed abnormal intra- and interregional synchronization in several resting-state cerebral networks; these abnormalities were correlated with clinical tinnitus distress. These results suggest that tinnitus distress is exacerbated by attention networks that focus on internally generated phantom sounds.

scholarly journals Single-Case Neuropsychological Assessment of a Patient with a Posterior Parietal Lesion Using Behavioral Testing and Resting-State fMRI

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Elisa Martín-Arévalo ◽  
◽  
Carole Guedj ◽  
François Cotton ◽  
Gilles Rode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Left Visual Field ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Occipital Area ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Right

This study integrated functional connectivity measures using resting-state fMRI and behavioral data from a single-case observation of patient (PER) one year after right-hemispheric hemorrhage in the intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule (IPS/SPL). PER showed no sign of clinical neglect. Her behavioral performance in the visuo-manual pointing task and in the letter discrimination task under conditions of endogenous and exogenous attentional cueing was compared between the left (affected) and right (unaffected/control) peripheral visual fields. The resting-state fMRI demonstrated an imbalance between the right and left hemispheric frontoparietal functional connectivity within the dorsal attentional and motor networks. Although the frontal and occipital cortices were not structurally damaged, specific fronto-occipital functional connectivity was imbalanced, which was strongly associated with the behavioral changes. First, the activity in the right frontal eye field showed weaker correlations with the activity in the right inferior occipital area compared to the correlation with the activity in the left inferior occipital area. This imbalanced fronto-occipital functional connectivity was accompanied by a specific impairment in endogenous covert attention in the left visual field. Second, the activity within M1 in both hemispheres showed weaker correlations with the activity of the right cuneus compared to the correlation with the activity in the left cuneus. The imbalanced fronto-occipital functional connectivity was associated with the impairment of the reaching movement of the left and right hands towards the left visual field (optic ataxia). Altogether, our results showed that a lesion to the posterior parietal cortex affects the relationship between distal regions underlying the sensorimotor and attentional abilities

scholarly journals Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Somatic Symptom Disorder: A Resting-state fMRI Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Cui ◽  
Huai-Bin Liang ◽  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Zhaoxia Qin ◽  
Yue Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Somatic Symptom ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Medial Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Somatic symptom disorders (SSDs) are common medical disorders characterized by various biological, social, and psychological pathogenic factors. Little is known about the neural correlations of SSD. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the dysfunction in 45 patients with SSD and in 43 controls by combining the regional homogeneity (ReHo) amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) methods based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Compared to the controls, the patients with SSD exhibited significantly greater ReHo in the right cingulate gyrus and smaller ReHo in the right precuneus, left inferior and temporal gyrus extending to the left middle temporal gyrus and left parahippocampal gyrus, and right pons. The SSD patients showed higher ALFF values in the cingulate gyrus extending to the left medial frontal gyrus, right insula extending to the right inferior frontal gyrus, and left medial frontal gyrus extending to the left anterior cingulate cortex. Conclusions: These dysfunction areas seem to have a particular importance for the occurrence of SSD, which may result in dysfunction in self-relevant processes, emotional processing, multimodal integration, arousal, interoception, and body perception.

A Resting-State Functional MRI Study in Patients with Vestibular Migraine During Interictal Period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqing Wang ◽  
Haiping Wang ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Wenjing Yan ◽  
Minghui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Vestibular Migraine ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mri Study

Abstract AimTo evaluate the spontaneous neuronal activities and the changes of brain functional network in patients with vestibular migraine (VM) using resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) during the interictal period.MethodsThree groups included 18 patients with VM, 21 patients with MWoA and 21 HCs underwent the scanning of the resting-state fMRI. First, brain regions with significant differentia of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values were obtained. Secondly, functional connectivity (FC) analysis was performed in the brain region(s) with the most significant differentia of ALFF values which was defined as region of interest (ROI).Results(1) Compared with healthy volunteers, patients with VM and patients with MWoA showed significant ALFF decrease in the right putamen (P<0.05), and significant ALFF increase in the right lingual gyrus (P<0.05). What’s more, compared with patients with MWoA, patients with VM showed significant ALFF increase in the right lingual gyrus (P<0.05). In addition, we found that ALFF values in the right putamen of patients with VM were negatively correlated with the duration of migraine and the frequency of migraine attacks (P<0.05). (2) Compared with HCs, patients with VM showed significant FC increase among the cerebellum, the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and the right putamen (P<0.05) but significant decrease among the left median cingulate, paracingulate gyri and the right putamen (P<0.05). Compared with patients with MWoA, patients with VM showed significant FC increase between the cerebellum and the right putamen (P<0.05) but significant FC decrease among the left median cingulate, paracingulate gyri and the right putamen (P<0.05).ConclusionThere are functional abnormalities in nociceptive, vestibular and visual cortex regions in patients with VM during the interictal period.

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