scholarly journals DRAFT: Young Children’s Prosocial Behavior Protects Against Academic Risk in Neighborhoods Facing Adversity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Armstrong-Carter ◽  
Jonas G. Miller ◽  
Liam Hill ◽  
Benjamin Domingue
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Academic Risk ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighborhoods ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Diverse Children

Children born into neighborhood adversity are at risk for low academic achievement. Identifying factors that help children from disadvantaged neighborhoods thrive is critical for reducing inequalities. We investigated whether children’s prosocial behavior buffers concurrent and subsequent academic risk in disadvantaged neighborhoods in Bradford, UK. Diverse children (N = 1,185) were followed from before birth to age seven, with measurements taken at four time points. We used governmental indexes of neighborhood adversity, teachers observations of prosocial behaviors, and direct assessments of academic achievement. Neighborhood disadvantage was associated with lower academic achievement only among children who displayed low levels of prosocial behavior. Findings were robust to sensitivity and sub-group analyses. Prosocial behavior may mitigate early academic risk in contexts of neighborhood disadvantage.

scholarly journals Children’s sleep and academic achievement

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjolii Diaz ◽  
Rebecca Berger ◽  
Carlos Valiente ◽  
Nancy Eisenberg ◽  
Sarah K. VanSchyndel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Academic Risk ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Standardized Measure ◽  
Children’S Sleep ◽  
Moderating Role

Poor sleep is thought to interfere with children’s learning and academic achievement (AA). However, existing research and theory indicate there are factors that may mitigate the academic risk associated with poor sleep. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating role of children’s effortful control (EC) on the relation between sleep and AA in young children. One hundred and three 4.5- to 7-year-olds (M = 5.98 years, SD = 0.61) wore a wrist-based actigraph for five continuous weekday nights. Teachers and coders reported on children’s EC. EC was also assessed with a computer-based task at school. Additionally, we obtained a standardized measure of children’s AA. There was a positive main effect of sleep efficiency to AA. Several relations between sleep and AA were moderated by EC and examination of the simple slopes indicated that the negative relation between sleep and AA was only significant at low levels of EC.

THE EFFECTS OF INTERPERSONAL TRUST AND GROUP STATUS ON PROSOCIAL AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIORS

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alton Christian Cadenhead ◽  
Charles L. Richman
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
General Trust ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
General Response

Preliminary evidence suggests that interpersonal trust is associated with both aggression and prosocial behavior, but little research has been conducted to investigate these relationships in nonclinical samples. It has been suggested by Scott (1980) that general trust is not as useful in predicting behavior in organizational settings as is situational trust. However, if moderated by in-group - out-group status, general trust may be useful in predicting general response tendencies such as aggressive and prosocial behaviors. Building on the norm of reciprocity as described by Kaufmann (1970) and Rushton (1980), it was hypothesized that: a) subjects identified as high trusters would show low levels of aggression and high levels of prosocial behaviors towards both in- and outgroup members; b) low trusters would show high levels of aggression and low levels of prosocial behavior towards both in- and out-groups members; and c) moderate trusters would show lower levels of aggression towards the in-group than towards the outgroup and higher levels of prosocial behavior towards the in-group than towards the out-group. These hypotheses were not confirmed. Participants reported higher levels of prosocial behavior towards the in-group than towards the out-group, regardless of the level of trust. Group differences also emerged on the aggression measures regardless of trust level. Trend analyses revealed that as trust h∼creases, overall prosocial behavior increases.

scholarly journals How Narcissism Shapes Responses to Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior: Hypo-Responsiveness or Hyper-Responsiveness?

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110072
Author(s):  
Jiafang Chen ◽  
Barbara Nevicka ◽  
Astrid C. Homan ◽  
Gerben A. van Kleef
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Narcissists have a relatively higher proclivity for displaying antisocial rather than prosocial behaviors, suggesting a comparatively higher tendency for unfavorably impacting societies. However, maintenance of social order also depends on appropriate responses to others’ social behavior. Once we focus on narcissists as observers rather than actors, their impact on social functioning becomes less clear-cut. Theoretical arguments suggest that narcissists could be either hypo-responsive or hyper-responsive to others’ social behavior. Across four studies, we examined narcissists’ responsiveness to variations in others’ antisocial and prosocial behaviors. Results showed that narcissists differentiated less between others’ antisociality/prosociality, as reflected in their subsequent moral character evaluations (Studies 1–4) and reward and punishment (Studies 3 and 4). These results suggest that narcissists are hypo-responsive to others’ social behaviors. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Parental Warmth, Gratitude, and Prosocial Behavior among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Effect of School Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7033
Author(s):  
Haocheng Luo ◽  
Qingqi Liu ◽  
Chengfu Yu ◽  
Yangang Nie
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Parental Warmth ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Moderating Role

Parental warmth plays an important role in the development of adolescents’ physical and mental health. There are numerous empirical studies indicating a relationship between parental warmth and prosocial behavior among adolescents, although the underlying mechanisms of this association remain unclear. Adopting a longitudinal design across two time points, the present study proposes a moderated mediation model to explore the mediating role of gratitude and the moderating role of the school climate between parental warmth and prosocial behavior. The sample consisted of 943 participants (483 boys and 451 girls) who participated in the second assessment and completed questionnaires assessing gratitude, school climate, and prosocial behavior in April 2019. Their parents participated in the first assessment and completed a questionnaire pertaining to parental warmth in October 2018. After controlling for the gender and age of the adolescents, the results showed that the positive association between parental warmth and prosocial behavior is mediated by gratitude, and school climate does play a moderating role in the second half of the mediating path. Specifically, the school climate can play a protective role in adolescents with low levels of gratitude. For adolescents with less gratitude, a strong school climate can promote more prosocial behaviors and can effectively alleviate the negative prediction of low levels of gratitude. This study provides a theoretical explanation for the generation of adolescents’ prosocial behavior and provides theoretical guidance for the interventions of schools and parents.

scholarly journals Introduction to Special Section: Prosocial Development in Risky and Vulnerable Contexts

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542199075
Author(s):  
Laura K. Taylor ◽  
Gustavo Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Prosocial Development ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Foundational Work

The introduction highlights a developmental perspective on children’s and youth prosocial behavior in risky and vulnerable contexts. The six empirical papers published in this Special Section are considered within a multilevel, multidimensional framework and reflect a diversity of methodological approaches. The studies each provide foundational work that informs theory, builds our knowledge base, and has important intervention implications. We highlight the contributions of each study and present recommendations for future developmental research on prosocial behaviors.

The Structure of Prosocial Behavior: A Comment on Richaud, Mesurado, and Cortada (2013)

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-589
Author(s):  
Mariola Łaguna ◽  
Piotr Oleś
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Behavior Models

The question of how many factors are required to explain prosocial behavior in adolescents was examined. Richaud, Mesurado, and Cortada (2013) have tested two alternative models of prosocial behaviors. In this Comment we (1) discuss the theoretical basis for prosocial behavior models in adolescents and (2) propose possible alternative models as suggestions for further studies.

From Pixels to Picture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Erich Sneller
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Student Feedback ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Teachers Professional Development ◽  
Immense Potential

This chapter addresses a framework and the associated methods by which curious teachers can grow their leadership in their classrooms, schools, and communities. In particular, attention to teachers' professional development in the following areas are examined: teacher-generated student goals, clarity of student learning, soliciting student feedback, and well-being practices for teachers. When these areas are at the center of a teacher and a school's decision-making process, students' academic achievement, personal health, and prosocial behavior have immense potential to improve.

scholarly journals Monitoring Students at the University: Design and Application of a Moodle Plugin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3469 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Consuelo Sáiz-Manzanares ◽  
Raúl Marticorena-Sánchez ◽  
César Ignacio García-Osorio
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
At Risk Students ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Dynamic Learning ◽  
Academic Risk ◽  
University Environment ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
The University

Early detection of at-risk students is essential, especially in the university environment. Moreover, personalized learning has been shown to increase motivation and lower student dropout rates. At present, the average dropout rates among students following courses leading to the award of Spanish university degrees are around 18% and 42.8% for presential teaching and online courses, respectively. The objectives of this study are: (1) to design and to implement a Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle) plugin, “eOrientation”, for the early detection of at-risk students; (2) to test the effectiveness of the “eOrientation” plugin on university students. We worked with 279 third-year students following health sciences degrees. A process for extracting information records was also implemented. In addition, a learning analytics module was developed, through which both supervised and unsupervised Machine Learning techniques can be applied. All these measures facilitated the personalized monitoring of the students and the easier detection of students at academic risk. The use of this tool could be of great importance to teachers and university governing teams, as it can assist the early detection of students at academic risk. Future studies will be aimed at testing the plugin using the Moodle environment on degree courses at other universities.

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