scholarly journals How Narcissism Shapes Responses to Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior: Hypo-Responsiveness or Hyper-Responsiveness?

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110072
Author(s):  
Jiafang Chen ◽  
Barbara Nevicka ◽  
Astrid C. Homan ◽  
Gerben A. van Kleef
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Narcissists have a relatively higher proclivity for displaying antisocial rather than prosocial behaviors, suggesting a comparatively higher tendency for unfavorably impacting societies. However, maintenance of social order also depends on appropriate responses to others’ social behavior. Once we focus on narcissists as observers rather than actors, their impact on social functioning becomes less clear-cut. Theoretical arguments suggest that narcissists could be either hypo-responsive or hyper-responsive to others’ social behavior. Across four studies, we examined narcissists’ responsiveness to variations in others’ antisocial and prosocial behaviors. Results showed that narcissists differentiated less between others’ antisociality/prosociality, as reflected in their subsequent moral character evaluations (Studies 1–4) and reward and punishment (Studies 3 and 4). These results suggest that narcissists are hypo-responsive to others’ social behaviors. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals A Theory of Guilt Appeals: A Review Showing the Importance of Investigating Cognitive Processes as Mediators between Emotion and Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Aurélien Graton ◽  
Melody Mailliez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Behavior

Guilt appeals in the field of persuasion are quite common. However, the effectiveness of these messages is sometimes ambivalent. It is widely acknowledged that guilt leads people to engage into prosocial behaviors, but the effects of guilt can also be counter-productive (e.g., reactance-like effects). We argue that the explanations for these contradictions remain unsatisfactory and suggest that taking into account the implications of underlying cognitive—especially attentional—mechanisms would provide a better understanding of these paradoxical outcomes. This article provides a brief review of the literature on the link between guilt and pro-social behaviors and its classical interpretations. We propose a reinterpretation of this link by taking into account specific attentional processes triggered by the emotion of guilt. Attentional biases are, in our opinion, better predictors of the effectiveness of a message than the amount of emotion induced by the same message. This consideration should guide future research in the field of guilt appeals and pro-social behaviors. Implications, in terms of a broader comprehension of the emotion–behavior association in decision making processes, are discussed.

Warm coffee, sunny days, and prosocial behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Konrath
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Future Research

AbstractThis commentary discusses the research finding that warmer temperatures are associated with more prosocial outcomes. It calls for future research and theory on climate-related variables and social behavior to allow for both positive and negative emotional and behavioral responses to warmer temperatures.

scholarly journals From Faces to Prosocial Behavior: Cues, Tools, and Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Adolphs ◽  
Anita Tusche
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Decision Science ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Mechanistic Explanations ◽  
And Behaviors

In this review, we ask how looking at people’s faces can influence prosocial behaviors toward them. Components of this process have been studied in two disparate literatures: one focused on the perception of faces and judgments based on them, using both psychological and neuroscience approaches, and a second focused on actual social behaviors as studied in behavioral economics and decision science. Bridging these disciplines requires a mechanistic account of how processing of particular face attributes or features influences social judgments and behaviors. We review these two lines of research and suggest that combining some of their methodological tools may reveal the bridging mechanistic explanations.

scholarly journals Nature and determinants of social actions during a mass shooting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Dezecache ◽  
Jean-Rémy Martin ◽  
Cédric Tessier ◽  
Lou Safra ◽  
Victor Pitron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Supportive Behaviors ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Mass Shooting

If collective reactions to danger have long been portrayed as antisocial and self-preservative, research has shown that prosociality is maintained and sometimes fostered in life-threatening circumstances. In this research, we interviewed 32 survivors of the attacks at ‘Le Bataclan’ (on the evening of 13-11-2015 in Paris, France) with the aims of offering a typology of social behaviors undertaken in the context of a mass shooting in a close environment, and examining the situational factors favoring the emergence of socially supportive behaviors among hostages. Consistent with previous findings, we found that socially supportive behaviors were frequently reported, and they were more common than socially unsupportive behaviors in the narratives of the respondents. We also found that the occurrence of socially supportive actions is dependent on key contextual factors, namely the impossibility to egress, increased distance and/or minimal protection from the source of danger, and emotional fusion with other crowd members. Finally, although supportive behaviors can be served by a variety of motives (individualistic, cooperative or altruistic), we found that supportive actions were more often described by respondents as reflecting genuine altruism, i.e. involving a cost to oneself at the benefit of others. Those results bring evidence of the maintenance of socially supportive actions in the context of a mass shooting. It also calls for establishing a clear-cut distinction between the social strategies (asocial, socially supportive, or socially unsupportive) and the psychological motivations underlying them (individualism, cooperation or genuine altruism) in future research.

Social Rewards: From Basic Social Building Blocks to Complex Social Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana I. Tamir ◽  
Brent L. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dual Approach ◽  
Complex Social Behavior ◽  
Social Act ◽  
Social Rewards

Humans are social creatures, engaging almost constantly in social behaviors that serve ultimate social goals, such as forming strong bonds with one another. However, most social behaviors provide only incremental progress toward an ultimate goal. Instead, the drive to engage in any individual social act may derive from its proximal value rather than its ultimate goal. Thus, this proximal value forms the foundation on which the complexities of human sociality are built. We describe two complementary approaches for using proximal social rewards to understand social behaviors and their ultimate goals: (a) decontextualizing social rewards—paring down complex social interactions can help identify which basic building blocks remain valuable even in minimalistic contexts—and (b) recontextualizing social rewards—reintroducing motivational and contextual factors into the study of social experience can help identify how proximal rewards serve their ultimate function. We discuss how this dual-approach framework can inform future research by bridging basic social building blocks and real-world social goals.

scholarly journals Oxytocin receptor disruption in Avil-expressing cells results in blunted sociability and increased inter-male aggression

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260199
Author(s):  
Manal Tabbaa ◽  
Ashley Moses ◽  
Elizabeth A. D. Hammock
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Social behaviors are foundational to society and quality of life while social behavior extremes are core symptoms in a variety of psychopathologies and developmental disabilities. Oxytocin (OXT) is a neuroactive hormone that regulates social behaviors through its receptor (OXTR), with all previously identified social behavior effects attributed to the central nervous system, which has developmental origins in the neural tube. However, OXTR are also present in neural crest-derived tissue including sensory ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Avil encodes for the actin-binding protein ADVILLIN, is expressed in neural crest-derived cells, and was therefore used as a target in this study to knock out OXTR expression in neural-crest derived cells. Here, we tested if OXTRs specifically expressed in Avil positive neural crest-derived cells are necessary for species-typical adult social behaviors using a Cre-LoxP strategy. Genetically modified male and female mice lacking OXTR in Avil expressing cells (OXTRAvil KO) were tested for sociability and preference for social novelty. Males were also tested for resident intruder aggression. OXTRAvil KO males and females had reduced sociability compared to OXTRAvil WT controls. Additionally, OXTRAvil KO males had increased aggressive behaviors compared to controls. These data indicate that OXTRs in cells of neural crest origin are important regulators of typical social behaviors in C57BL/6J adult male and female mice and point to needed directions of future research.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Popularity-Related Behaviors in the Cyber Context: Relations to Cyber Social Behaviors

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Technology Access ◽  
Perceived Popularity ◽  
Cyber Aggression

Despite acknowledging that adolescents are active users of electronic technology, little is known about their perceptions concerning how such technologies might be used to promote their social standing among their peer group and whether these perceptions relate to their cyber social behaviors (i.e., cyber aggression perpetration, cyber prosocial behavior). To address this gap in the literature, the present study included 857 seventh graders (M age: 12.19; 50.8% female) from a large Midwestern city in the United States. They completed questionnaires on face-to-face social behaviors, cyber social behaviors, perceived popularity, social preference, and their perceptions of characteristics and activities related to the cyber context which might be used to promote popularity. Findings revealed four activities and characteristics used to improve adolescents’ social standing in the peer group, including antisocial behaviors, sociability, prosocial behaviors, and technology access. Using antisocial behaviors in the cyber context to promote popularity was related to cyber aggression perpetration, while controlling for gender, social preference, and perceived popularity. On the other hand, sociability and prosocial behaviors in the cyber context used to improve popularity as well as technology access were associated with cyber prosocial behavior. A call for additional research is made.

scholarly journals Economic Games: An Introduction and Guide for Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Thielmann ◽  
Robert Böhm ◽  
Marion Ott ◽  
Benjamin E. Hilbig
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Economic Games ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Situational Affordances ◽  
Future Work

Prosocial behaviors constitute vital ingredients for all types of social interactions and relationships as well as for society at large. Corresponding to this significance, the study of prosocial behaviors has received considerable attention across scientific disciplines. A striking feature of this research is that most disciplines rely on economic games to measure actual prosocial behavior in controlled experimental settings. However, empirical research often fails to fully exploit the richness of this class of paradigms. The current work aims to overcome this issue by providing a theory-driven overview of and introduction to the variety of economic games for researchers in psychology and beyond. Specifically, we introduce prominent theories of games (Game Theory and Interdependence Theory) and show how the concepts from these theories can be integrated in a unifying theoretical framework considering games as providing specific situational affordances for behavior. Additionally, we describe several games in detail, including their structural features, the affordances they involve, the social motives that may guide behavior, the flexibility they entail to manipulate specific situational aspects and, thus, affordances, and typical research findings. We conclude that tailored selection and combination of games and game variants allows to obtain a unique understanding of the underlying psychological processes involved in prosocial behavior. As a practical tool for researchers, we also provide standardized game instructions and guidelines for the implementation of games in future research. Ultimately, the review can foster optimal use of economic games in future work and thereby set the stage for high-class, replicable, and innovative research on human prosociality.

scholarly journals The Influence of Parenting Styles on Social Behavior and Competence in Function of Student Learning Success

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Valbona UKA ◽  
Hanife BERISHA
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Competence ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Social Maturity ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Feminine

Styles of parenting create different social environments in the lives of children inside the home. The main purpose of this research is to find out the existence of a relationship between parenting, emotional control, prosocial behavior, and student success in learning. The study included a sample of 200 subjects from two low public secondary schools in Kaçanik, 51% female and 49% male. Participants were 15 years of age (28 teenagers), 16 (51 teenagers), 17 (21 teenagers). The tests used in this research are: a question about parenting styles that is standardized for use in our country and a question about social competence. The results showed an authoritative parental stature with 50% of the parents, followed by the indifferent style of 27%, the authoritative style with 14%, and the liberal style with 9% of the polled ones. Regarding social competence, dominates the average level of social maturity by 62%, followed by high social maturity by 24% and low social maturity by 14% of adolescent sample. The feminine gender of adolescents exhibits higher emotional control versus the male gender of adolescents with less emotional control than that of the female gender. There is a significant difference in the appearance of prosocial behaviors according to the level of success. It was also found that there is a statistically significant difference between the level of emergence of social competence deriving from the sex of the subject in this research, then the feminine gender of the adolescents exhibits higher emotional control in spite of the age-old gender, there is a significant difference in the appearance of prosocial behaviors according to the level of success, as well as the 16-year-old show higher levels of prosocial behavior despite 15 and 17 year-olds in this research. This study puts emphasis on parents awareness and psycho-education on positive parenting strategies for the growth of healthy children with a sense of autonomy and  confidence. Keywords: Parenting Styles, Social competence, Students, Social behavior, Success

Imaging the “social brain” in schizophrenia: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies of social reward and punishment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Mow ◽  
Arti Gandhi ◽  
Daniel Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Decreased social functioning and high levels of loneliness and social isolation are common in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), contributing to reduced quality of life. One key contributor to social impairment is low social motivation, which may stem from aberrant neural processing of socially rewarding or punishing stimuli. To summarize research on the neurobiology of social motivation in SSD, we performed a systematic literature review of neuroimaging studies involving the presentation of social stimuli intended to elicit feelings of reward and/or punishment. Across 11 studies meeting criteria, people with SSD demonstrated weaker modulation of brain activity in regions within a proposed social interaction network, including prefrontal, cingulate, and striatal regions, as well as the amygdala and insula. Firm conclusions regarding neural differences in SSD in these regions, as well as connections within networks, are limited due to conceptual and methodological inconsistencies across the available studies. We conclude by making recommendations for the study of social reward and punishment processing in SSD in future research.

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