scholarly journals Economic and Emotional Perceptions During and After COVID19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reka Sundaram-Stukel ◽  
Noah Williams ◽  
Richard J Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Emotional Resilience ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Emotional Dimensions ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Economic Outlook

Faced with the SARS-CoV-2pandemic, we decided to investigate if recovery from this large exogenous global shock depended on both emotional and economic recovery. We piloted a survey from May 2020 – August 2020 to examine how exposure to this global pandemic shaped economic outlook, and we documented the innate emotional styles of respondents. We then sought to answer two questions. Do the emotional style dimensions have anything to do with economic recovery? And are wages and emotional dimensions associated with economic outlook? With these questions in mind, we estimated two structural equation models. We jointly estimated all six emotional dimensions for the first question and assessed their impact on economic outlook. We estimated a structural model with a Mincer-wage equation and emotional outlook, resilience, and attention equations for the second question. We found that emotional outlook was positively and significantly correlated with economic outlook. We also found that wages, emotional- outlook, resilience, and attention were correlated with returning to behavior-normal, meaning once the public health crisis abates, fear will cease to restrict mobility in all sectors. We found pessimism over returning to business-normal, patronizing businesses that are significantly affected by the pandemic could have a dampening effect on economic recovery. However, this could be offset by the positive correlations between emotional outlook on economic outlook and returning to behavior-normal, both of which could boost economic recovery. From a public policy standpoint fostering a positive emotional outlook and encouraging emotional resilience could be the mojo needed for faster economic recovery.

Forced Zero Cross-Loading Misspecifications in Measurement Component of Structural Equation Models

Methodology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Yuan Hsu ◽  
Susan Troncoso Skidmore ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Bruce Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Path Coefficients

The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the effect of constraining near-zero parameter cross-loadings to zero in the measurement component of a structural equation model. A Monte Carlo 3 × 5 × 2 simulation design was conducted (i.e., sample sizes of 200, 600, and 1,000; parameter cross-loadings of 0.07, 0.10, 0.13, 0.16, and 0.19 misspecified to be zero; and parameter path coefficients in the structural model of either 0.50 or 0.70). Results indicated that factor pattern coefficients and factor covariances were overestimated in measurement models when near-zero parameter cross-loadings constrained to zero were higher than 0.13 in the population. Moreover, the path coefficients between factors were misestimated when the near-zero parameter cross-loadings constrained to zero were noteworthy. Our results add to the literature detailing the importance of testing individual model specification decisions, and not simply evaluating omnibus model fit statistics.

Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes Fornell ◽  
David F. Larcker
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Chi Square

The statistical tests used in the analysis of structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error are examined. A drawback of the commonly applied chi square test, in addition to the known problems related to sample size and power, is that it may indicate an increasing correspondence between the hypothesized model and the observed data as both the measurement properties and the relationship between constructs decline. Further, and contrary to common assertion, the risk of making a Type II error can be substantial even when the sample size is large. Moreover, the present testing methods are unable to assess a model's explanatory power. To overcome these problems, the authors develop and apply a testing system based on measures of shared variance within the structural model, measurement model, and overall model.

scholarly journals Modelling the Process to Access the Spanish Public University System Based on Structural Equation Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Antonio Hervás ◽  
Pedro Pablo Soriano ◽  
Joan Guàrdia i Olmos ◽  
Maribel Peró ◽  
Roberto Capilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Public University ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
General View ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
University System ◽  
University Leaders

Currently, one of the challenges of universities is attracting talent in students, researchers, and teachers. The transition from high school to college requires a student to take a succession of decisions that will shape their future. For this reason, knowledge of the motivations of the students, their family, and their personal environment, to choose a particular degree and/or university to pursue their higher studies, would allow universities to efficiently adjust their recruitment strategies. In this article, a study was developed based on a structural equation model of the access to the Spanish Public University System (SUPE), which can help with supply and demand problems, recruitment actions and policies, and other strategic decisions. This was done through an extensive survey of first-year students of Spanish universities. The results allowed us to obtain the parameters of the model, which showed that the fit between the model and the data obtained were excellent at a global level and acceptable as well in all knowledge areas. The objective of the structural model was to provide a general view of the behavior of the students when deciding the degree and university in which they are going to study, and can help in the decision making of university leaders and to understand some behaviors of the Spanish Public University System.

scholarly journals Variables determining the growth of micro and small businesses

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Yara Landazuri-Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Emerging Nations

Both developed and emerging nations share a high proportion of SMEs in their economic structure. For developing countries like Mexico, this situation can represent development opportunities. In this context, the objective of this study is to statistically analyze the relationship between the variables finance, technology, competition and human resources, with the variable dependent on business growth in the micro and small companies of southern Sonora. To do this, we propose a structural model, tested through the model of structural equations with estimated panel data and a contrast of said results through a multiple linear regression model. The sample size reached was 65 companies and the information was collected through interviews. The results through structural equation models and linear regression show that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between viable technology and competition with business growth, not being so with the variables finances and human resource, when not being significant, concluding that the variables technology and competition explain the behavior of the dependent variable (business growth). The findings are consistent with those found in other research conducted in other countries.

Estimating and Reporting Structural Equation Models with Behavioral Accounting Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Behavioral Accounting ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Decision Making Processes

ABSTRACT Despite prior research explaining the benefits of using structural equation modeling (SEM) for analyzing accounting behavioral data, SEM remains underutilized in accounting behavioral research relative to related and reference domains such as psychology, information systems, and management. Prior research posits the frequency with which accounting behavioral data violate SEM assumptions as one probable reason for this underutilization. Accounting behavioral researchers may be unfamiliar with the techniques and approaches available to develop and estimate structural models when data violate SEM assumptions. Given this unfamiliarity, researches may opt to use less informative techniques. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance on the testing, judgment, and decision-making processes that influence SEM estimation, analysis, and reporting with accounting behavioral data. A structural model is developed, tested, and evaluated using accounting behavioral data that violate, to varying degrees, the assumptions of SEM.

Relationships between supply performance of pharmacies in Chile and their quality of customer service

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-446
Author(s):  
Fernando Rojas ◽  
Giulani Coluccio ◽  
Juan Vega
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to describe relationships between constructs adapted to the pharmaceutical field with respect to the measurement of the supply chains strategic and operational performance in private pharmacies, relating it to the quality of service perceived by users. Design/methodology/approach Relationships among the indicated constructs were validated through the use of structural equation models. This study includes the use of questionnaires adapted and applied to suppliers (pharmaceutical chemists and supply staff), operational managers (pharmacy assistants) and users (patients and clients) who visit different segments of pharmacies, such as chain businesses and independents located in the region of Valparaíso, Chile. The sample collected information from 128 establishments and 601 people, through which different relationships between segments were compared. Findings A structural model was validated on the basis of statistical principles. Furthermore, positive relationships were observed in the constructs studied where pharmacy chains had a statistical significance of less than 5 per cent between the responsibility of the supply process and the experience of the users, whereas independent pharmacies had a very significant causal relationship between operational managers and users. Practical implications The proposal can help predict the quality of service perceived by the user based on the behavior of sales and supply staff, which may be similar in other markets with similar characteristics. Originality/value The structural model proposed is original and adapts measurement scales validated from previous studies to be able to apply them in the pharmaceutical retail market.

A Parsimonious Estimating Technique for Interaction and Quadratic Latent Variables

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Ping
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Error Terms

The author proposes an alternative estimation technique for quadratic and interaction latent variables in structural equation models using LISREL, EQS, and CALIS. The technique specifies these variables with single indicants. The loading and error terms for the single indicants can be specified as constants in the structural model. The author's technique is shown to perform adequately using synthetic data sets.

scholarly journals The SEMinR Package

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-74
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Hair ◽  
G. Tomas M. Hult ◽  
Christian M. Ringle ◽  
Marko Sarstedt ◽  
Nicholas P. Danks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Quality Reporting ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractSEMinR is a software package developed for the R statistical environment (R Core Team, 2021). The package includes a user-friendly syntax for creating and estimating structural equation models using estimators such as partial least squares. In this chapter, we introduce the syntax to create, estimate, and report structural equation models using SEMinR. We demonstrate the four steps to specifying and estimating a structural equation model: (1) loading and cleaning the data, (2) specifying the measurement models, (3) specifying the structural model, and (4) estimating, bootstrapping, and summarizing the model. This chapter also describes how to export results and figures from R for professional, publication-quality reporting.

scholarly journals Institutional Pressures and Isomorphism

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy G. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Pressures ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Weighted Least Squares Estimation ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Free Function

Previous research employing an institutional theoretical framework posits environmental factors play an integral role in the adoption of police practices. The present study applies this framework to examine the adoption of intelligence-led policing (ILP). Data from a purposive sample of national intelligence personnel from 254 agencies are used to employ both a measurement and structural model to explain ILP adoption. Weighted least squares estimation is employed through an asymptotic distribution free function to estimate the measurement and structural equation models. Models exhibit good fit indices, while institutional pressures, among others, had a significant and positive effect on ILP adoption. Findings support the role of institutional pressures in the diffusion of police practice. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.

scholarly journals PANDEMIC CRISIS AS A CATALYST OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Oleg Havryliuk
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Global Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic is not only the most serious global health crisis since the 1918 Great Influenza (Spanish flu), but is set to become one of the most economically costly pandemics in recent history. The experience with past epidemics provides some insights into various channels through which economic costs could arise, both in the short as well as longer term. At the same time, Covid-19 differs from previous episodes in several important ways. Notably, the globally synchronised lockdowns and trauma of financial markets reinforce one another into an unprecedented economic sudden stop. For these reasons, the Covid-19 global recession is unique. However, past epidemics can shed light on transmission channels to the economy, especially when stringent containment policies are not in place. The global pandemic has generated new problems and challenges related to further global and national socio-economic development, improvement of methods and tools of fundamentally high-quality business operation, interaction with customers in all areas of production and service. Modern global trends include efforts to overcome its consequences, as well as awareness of the new paradigm of consumer mentality. The aim of this study is to find out how far the digitization has already changed the tourism industry and what is still going to change in order to find potential benefits of digitization in the tourism industry. The results of the structural equation model approach show six main drivers (sales increase, classic booking, sharing economy, personalized offers, social media and customer reviews) that have a significant impact on the potential of digitization in the tourism industry. The dynamics of globalization and especially the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic have generated stagnation and crisis in tourism, have raised new issues and challenges related to methods and tools of fundamentally high-quality business, customer interaction and service delivery, creation of "smart" technologies . Today’s global trends include the digitalization of all aspects of life, the rapid growth of e-commerce. Large firms and brands, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, have launched new strategies of interaction with consumers, which are constantly being modified, especially depending on socio-economic stability and market fluctuations. The article examines the latest trends, strategies, problems and consequences of digitalization of the tourism business in the context of the crisis caused by the global pandemic, the phenomenon of "economy of impressions", targeted approach to needs and new opportunities for effective relationships with consumers. The newest directions of digitalization, modification of strategies and their prospects depending on social and economic stability and moods of consumers, in particular, in the context of the current epidemic of a coronavirus are analyzed. It is shown that the deterioration of the situation and the uncertainty of the further course of events naturally lead to the transformation / ratio of strategies towards online.

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