scholarly journals Patent Licensing, Technology Transfer, & Innovation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lemley

Traditional justifications for patents are all based on direct or indirectcontribution to the creation of new products. Patents serve the socialinterest if they provide not just invention, but innovation the world wouldnot otherwise have. Non-practicing entities (NPEs) as well asproduct-producing companies can sometimes provide such innovation, eitherdirectly, through working the patent or transfer of technology to otherswho do, or indirectly, when others copy the patented innovation. Theavailable evidence suggests, however, that patent licensing demands andlawsuits from NPEs are normally not cases that involve any of theseactivities.Some scholars have argued that patents can be valuable even withouttechnology transfer because the ability to exclude others from the marketmay drive commercialization that would not otherwise occur. We demonstratethat even if various commercialization theories can sometimes justifypatent protection, they cannot justify most NPE lawsuits or licensingdemands.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lemley ◽  
Robin C. Feldman

Traditional justifications for patents are all based on direct or indirect contribution to the creation of new products. Patents serve the social interest if they provide not just invention, but innovation the world would not otherwise have. Non-practicing entities (“NPEs”) as well as product-producing companies can sometimes provide such innovation, either directly, through working the patent or transferring technology to others who do, or indirectly, when others copy the patented innovation. The available evidence suggests, however, that patent licensing demands and lawsuits from NPEs are normally not cases that involve any of these activities. Some scholars have argued that patents can be valuable even without technology transfer because the ability to exclude others from the market may drive commercialization that would not otherwise occur. We demonstrate that even if various commercialization theories can sometimes justify patent protection, they cannot justify most NPE lawsuits or licensing demands.


2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Lemley ◽  
Robin Feldman

Traditional justifications for patents are based on direct or indirect contribution to product creation. Non-practicing entities (NPEs) might provide such innovation, either directly, through working the patent or transfer of technology to others who do, or indirectly, when others copy. Available evidence suggests, however, that ex post licensing demands from NPEs do not normally involve these activities. Some have argued that patents are valuable without01/technology transfer because the ability to exclude may drive commercialization that would not otherwise occur. We demonstrate that even if commercialization theories sometimes justify patent protection, they cannot justify most NPE lawsuits or licensing demands.


2019 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Claudia Rocio Tovar-Rosas ◽  
Luis Roberto Garza-Moya ◽  
Josué Mizraim Arreola-Burciaga ◽  
Jessica Astridt Delgadillo-Alvarado

Currently, most of the students of the different Institutions of Higher Education have a social commitment, which is to develop new technologies that contribute improvements in the daily life of the people. The main objective of this proposal is to create an interface that measures the needs of the company and translates them into areas of opportunity and development for universities and to implement projects in the classroom aimed at industries and thereby bring innovations to processes, products, among others. Currently, at the Polytechnic University of Gómez Palacio, students from five different specialties are being worked on, which innovate in the creation of new products, which can be patented or implemented in the industry. Another important feature to highlight is the fact that currently there is no way to protect the authorship of students, in addition to the fact that when delivering completed projects completely, the use that will be given to these products is unknown. It is for this reason that the creation of a technology transfer center is proposed; with it, it would be promoting the innovation of projects and active participation of companies, with the support of the institution.


Author(s):  
А.О. Мельник ◽  
О.Ю. Будякова ◽  
В.П. Кісільов

Increasing the competitiveness of both the national and regional economy requires technological re-equipment of most Ukrainian enterprises. To do this, applied science must be developed, which in the future can be commissioned to develop the necessary technologies, as the leading position in the market is occupied by companies that have the ability to produce fundamentally new products. Technology transfer is an important and integral part of the innovation process. Public laboratories, research institutes, universities are puzzled by the applied technological use of their research. In today’s world, the strategy of survival and development of society, countries are based mainly solely on the pursuit of leadership in various fields. To create new models, technologies and products, as well as their transformation in the world.


2021 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Maria A. Razborova

This review contains the recommendations of the World Health Organization for the transfer of analytical methods of quality control for medical preparation. Due to the absence of the Russian documents describing in detail the technology transfer process, pharmaceutical developers and manufacturers should refer to international guidelines. One of the main documents which fully describes the process of pharmaceutical technologies transfer is World Health Organization guidelines on transfer of technology in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The recommendations are presented both for the transfer of medical preparation manufacturing and transfer of analytical methods for quality control for a medical preparation. This review contains the recommendations for the transfer of analytical methods only.


Author(s):  
Roberto D. Hernández

This article addresses the meaning and significance of the “world revolution of 1968,” as well as the historiography of 1968. I critically interrogate how the production of a narrative about 1968 and the creation of ethnic studies, despite its world-historic significance, has tended to perpetuate a limiting, essentialized and static notion of “the student” as the primary actor and an inherent agent of change. Although students did play an enormous role in the events leading up to, through, and after 1968 in various parts of the world—and I in no way wish to diminish this fact—this article nonetheless argues that the now hegemonic narrative of a student-led revolt has also had a number of negative consequences, two of which will be the focus here. One problem is that the generation-driven models that situate 1968 as a revolt of the young students versus a presumably older generation, embodied by both their parents and the dominant institutions of the time, are in effect a sociosymbolic reproduction of modernity/coloniality’s logic or driving impulse and obsession with newness. Hence an a priori valuation is assigned to the new, embodied in this case by the student, at the expense of the presumably outmoded old. Secondly, this apparent essentializing of “the student” has entrapped ethnic studies scholars, and many of the period’s activists (some of whom had been students themselves), into said logic, thereby risking the foreclosure of a politics beyond (re)enchantment or even obsession with newness yet again.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Ra`no Ergashova ◽  
◽  
Nilufar Yuldosheva

The creation, regulation, lexical and grammatical research and interpretation of the system of terms in the field of aviation in the world linguistics terminology system are one of the specific directions of terminology. Research on specific features is an important factor in ensuring the development of the industry. This article discusses morphological structure of aviation terms. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of aviation terms in the morphology of the Uzbek language and its definition.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Khurshida Salimovna Safarova ◽  
Shakhnoza Islomovna Vosiyeva

Every great fiction book is a book that portrays the uniqueness of the universe and man, the difficulty of breaking that bond, or the weakening of its bond and the increase in human. The creation of such a book is beyond the reach of all creators, and not all works can illuminate the cultural, spiritual and moral status of any nation in the world by unraveling the underlying foundations of humanity. With the birth of Hoja Ahmad Yassawi's “Devoni Hikmat”, the Turkic nations were recognized as a nation with its own book of teaching, literally, the encyclopedia of enlightenment, truth and spirituality.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Maria Sarmento ◽  
Marlene Amorim ◽  
Marta Ferreira Dias ◽  
Mara Madaleno

Background: Innovation can result from progressive or significant changes to existing products leading to improvements in performance and user value. This is the type of innovation that is more easily perceived by the consumer, as it results in the creation of new products or the improvement of existing ones. Innovation in the Crafts Sector is a relevant topic to address market changes, and meet evolving consumer preferences. In this vein, artisans need to meet the calls for regularly investing in the design of new products and processes, with the purpose of achieving the sustainability of their business. Methods: This article addresses the existing calls for contextualizing the crafts sector and for fostering product innovation in this area, by investigating the barriers and problems faced by artisans, as well as by exploring existing experiences in overcoming them. The article builds on data collected in five European countries, under the scope of the Erasmus+ Project Craftsmanship+ “Fostering a New and Competitive Approach to Crafts and Semi Industrial high added-value sectors”1. Results and Conclusion: The aim is to analyze the importance of the crafts sector in a European context. This article contributes in a timely manner to the understanding of the crafts sector by paying attention to the obstacles that artisans face in order to ensure the sustainability of their business by introducing product innovation into their organization and/or market. This study offers a collection of innovation experiences in realities that are very significant for territorial identity, and thus aims to provide an incentive for further research.


GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Alexandre Domingues Ribas ◽  
Antonio Carlos Vitte

Resumo: Há um relativo depauperamento no tocante ao nosso conhecimento a respeito da relação entre a filosofia kantiana e a constituição da geografia moderna e, conseqüentemente, científica. Esta relação, quando abordada, o é - vezes sem conta - de modo oblíquo ou tangencial, isto é, ela resta quase que exclusivamente confinada ao ato de noticiar que Kant ofereceu, por aproximadamente quatro décadas, cursos de Geografia Física em Königsberg, ou que ele foi o primeiro filósofo a inserir esta disciplina na Universidade, antes mesmo da criação da cátedra de Geografia em Berlim, em 1820, por Karl Ritter. Não ultrapassar a pueril divulgação deste ato em si mesma só nos faz jogar uma cortina sobre a ausência de um discernimento maior acerca do tributo de Kant àfundamentação epistêmica da geografia moderna e científica. Abrir umafrincha nesta cortina denota, necessariamente, elucidar o papel e o lugardo “Curso de Geografia Física” no corpus da filosofia transcendental kantiana. Assim sendo, partimos da conjectura de que a “Geografia Física” continuamente se mostrou, a Kant, como um conhecimento portador de um desmedido sentido filosófico, já que ela lhe denotava a própria possibilidade de empiricização de sua filosofia. Logo, a Geografia Física seria, para Kant, o embasamento empírico de suas reflexões filosóficas, pois ela lhe comunicava a empiricidade da invenção do mundo; ela lhe outorgava a construção metafísica da “superfície da Terra”. Destarte, da mesma maneira que a Geografia, em sua superfície geral, conferiu uma espécie de atributo científico à validação do empírico da Modernidade (desde os idos do século XVI), a Geografia Física apresentou-se como o sustentáculo empírico da reflexão filosófica kantiana acerca da “metafísica da natureza” e da “metafísica do mundo”.THE COURSE OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF IMMANUEL KANT(1724-1804): CONTRIBUTION FOR THE GEOGRAPHICALSCIENCE HISTORY AND EPISTEMOLOGYAbstract: There is a relative weakness about our knowledge concerningKant philosophy and the constitution of modern geography and,consequently, scientific geography. That relation, whenever studied,happens – several times – in an oblique or tangential way, what means thatit lies almost exclusively confined in the act of notifying that Kant offered,for approximately four decades, “Physical Geography” courses inKonigsberg, or that he was the first philosopher teaching the subject at anyCollege, even before the creation of Geography chair in Berlin, in 1820, byKarl Ritter. Not overcoming the early spread of that act itself only made usthrow a curtain over the absence of a major understanding about Kant’stribute to epistemic justification of modern and scientific geography. Toopen a breach in this curtain indicates, necessarily, to lighten the role andplace of Physical Geography Course inside Kantian transcendentalphilosophy. So, we began from the conjecture that Physical Geography hasalways shown, by Kant, as a knowledge carrier of an unmeasuredphilosophic sense, once it showed the possibility of empiricization of hisphilosophy. Therefore, a Physical Geography would be, for Kant, theempirics basis of his philosophic thoughts, because it communicates theempiria of the world invention; it has made him to build metaphysically the“Earth’s surface”. In the same way, Geography, in its general surface, hasgiven a particular tribute to the empiric validation of Modernity (since the16th century), Physical Geography introduced itself as an empiric basis toKantian philosophical reflection about “nature’s metaphysics” and the“world metaphysics” as well.Keywords: History and Epistemology of Geography, Physical Geography,Cosmology, Kantian Transcendental Philosophy, Nature.


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