scholarly journals Crime and coronavirus: Social distancing, lockdown and the mobility elasticity of crime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Halford ◽  
Anthony Dixon ◽  
Graham Farrell ◽  
Nick Malleson ◽  
Nick Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Residential Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Crime Type ◽  
Crime Theory ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Crime Types

Governments around the world restricted movement of people, using social distancing and lockdowns, to help stem the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. We examine crime effects for one UK police force area in comparison to 5-year averages. There is variation in the onset of change by crime type, some declining from the WHO ‘global pandemic’ announcement of 11 March, others later. By one week after the 23 March lockdown, all recorded crime had declined 41%, with variation: shoplifting (-62%), theft (-52%), domestic abuse (-45%), theft from vehicle (-43%), assault (-36%), burglary dwelling (-25%) and burglary non-dwelling (-25%). We use Google Covid-19 Consumer Mobility Reports to calculate the mobility elasticity of crime for four crime types, finding shoplifting and other theft inelastic but responsive to reduced retail sector mobility (MEC = 0.84, 0.71 respectively), burglary dwelling elastic to increases in residential area mobility (-1), with assault inelastic but responsive to reduced workplace mobility (0.56). We theorise that crime rate changes were primarily caused by those in mobility, suggesting a mobility theory of crime change in the pandemic. We identify implications for crime theory, policy and future research.

scholarly journals Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health in the Period of Quarantine and Social Distancing With COVID-19

10.2196/19867 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e19867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
The World

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly throughout the world and has had a long-term impact. The pandemic has caused great harm to society and caused serious psychological trauma to many people. Children are a vulnerable group in this global public health emergency, as their nervous systems, endocrine systems, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes are not well developed. Psychological crises often cause children to produce feelings of abandonment, despair, incapacity, and exhaustion, and even raise the risk of suicide. Children with mental illnesses are especially vulnerable during the quarantine and social distancing period. The inclusion of psychosocial support for children and their families are part of the health responses to disaster and disaster recovery. Based on the biopsychosocial model, some children may have catastrophic thoughts and be prone to experience despair, numbness, flashbacks, and other serious emotional and behavioral reactions. In severe cases, there may be symptoms of psychosis or posttraumatic stress disorder. Timely and appropriate protections are needed to prevent the occurrence of psychological and behavioral problems. The emerging digital applications and health services such as telehealth, social media, mobile health, and remote interactive online education are able to bridge the social distance and support mental and behavioral health for children. Based on the psychological development characteristics of children, this study also illustrates interventions on the psychological impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though the world has been struggling to curb the influences of the pandemic, the quarantine and social distancing policies will have long-term impacts on children. Innovative digital solutions and informatics tools are needed more than ever to mitigate the negative consequences on children. Health care delivery and services should envision and implement innovative paradigms to meet broad well-being needs and child health as the quarantine and social distancing over a longer term becomes a new reality. Future research on children's mental and behavioral health should pay more attention to novel solutions that incorporate cutting edge interactive technologies and digital approaches, leveraging considerable advances in pervasive and ubiquitous computing, human-computer interaction, and health informatics among many others. Digital approaches, health technologies, and informatics are supposed to be designed and implemented to support public health surveillance and critical responses to children’s growth and development. For instance, human-computer interactions, augmented reality, and virtual reality could be incorporated to remote psychological supporting service for children’s health; mobile technologies could be used to monitor children’s mental and behavioral health while protecting their individual privacy; big data and artificial intelligence could be used to support decision making on whether children should go out for physical activities and whether schools should be reopened. Implications to clinical practices, psychological therapeutic practices, and future research directions to address current effort gaps are highlighted in this study.

Socio-Cultural Impacts on Drug Trafficking Trends in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana S. Dolliver
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crime Type ◽  
Anomie Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Patterns

A myriad of national and international publications have detailed global patterns of drug trafficking for decades, with recent reports identifying Europe as a global consumption “hotspot” for the majority of popular drugs in the world. Yet, despite increasing levels of drug trafficking worldwide, scholars have not routinely examined this crime-type through the lens of a socio-cultural criminological theory. As such, this empirical study employed guidance from Institutional Anomie Theory. Data were collected from fourteen countries in Europe from 1995 to 2009 and analyzed using pooled cross-sectional multivariate time series. Trafficking patterns in cannabis, heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines were operationalized using officially reported drug seizure amounts. The findings from this study emphasize the need for differentiation between drug-types in future research, but also illustrate support for use of the theoretically informed variables.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON SME PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 75-92
Author(s):  
Bukar Ali Bularafa ◽  
Umar Garba Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Positive Effect

Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) are undeniably playing a significant role in the economic development of many countries globally. This role performed by the SMEs has been distracted by the global pandemic COVID-19 (Coronavirus). The pandemic brought about lockdown, movement restrictions, market closure, social distancing, etc. Thus, these restrictions and controls of the movement have particularly affected small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. This study aims to examine the effect of the coronavirus pandemic on the small and medium scale business in Yobe State, Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. Data were obtained through a questionnaire administered to 278 SMEs in Yobe State. The data were analyzed using descriptive and regression analysis using SPSS. The findings of the study indicate owners/managers of SMEs that participated in the study rated the variables of COVID-19 (lockdown, movement restriction, market closure, and social distancing) on a high level. The result further revealed that all the variables in the study correlate with SME's performance. Interestingly, the findings indicate three variables have a significant positive effect on SME's performance, the highest among is the market closure, followed by movement restriction and lockdown accordingly. While social distancing shows no significant effect on SME's performance. Therefore, it is recommended that proactive plans should be put in place for SMEs in anticipation of events such as COVID-19 that can hurt businesses. Finally, future research should consider other related variables that have not been considered in this study.

scholarly journals (Re)Learning to Live Together in 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. xv-xviii
Author(s):  
Darla K. Deardorff
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Front Line ◽  
10Th Anniversary ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Front Line Workers ◽  
Human Connection

Ten years ago, the world was quite a different place with the devastation of a 7.0 magnitude earthquake in Haiti, the exuberance of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, the release of the first iPad, the launch of Instagram, and the beginning of Arab Spring.  Fast forward to 2020 and not only is it the 10th anniversary of the Journal of International Students, but the world is facing unprecedented times with a global pandemic that has illustrated the interconnectedness of humankind like never before.  We have all been reminded of the power of human connection as we experience isolation, confinement, social distancing, and even fear.  We have witnessed powerful images of front-line workers giving their all, and neighbors in cities and towns across the world connecting from balconies and through windowpanes. These images have reminded us how much our lives depend on those around us, and how important it is that we renew our efforts in learning how to live together.

Navigating the digital revolution and crisis times: humanitarian and innovation-inspired leadership through the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Marshall Park
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World

PurposeThis article examines the leadership vision, values and vigilance of an emerging markets logistics firm in managing customer and humanitarian concerns and critical supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study explores how an emerging markets firm has contributed to global supply chain mobility and vaccine distribution in the pandemic – keeping cargo moving – drawing on vision, values and vigilance, including attention to the innovation momentum of the firm.Design/methodology/approachThe article concentrates on an exemplar firm, leader and management team to illustrate challenges of helmsmanship during the pandemic for an emerging markets firm, Agility, that operates worldwide in numerous developed and developing economy markets. The article develops a case study analyzing how Agility has met the simultaneous challenges for innovation and transformation in the digital revolution and navigation through the crisis times of the global pandemic. The analysis derives from direct management communications, corporate documents and media sources.FindingsThe vision, values and vigilance of the leadership, with emphasis on digital innovations and disruptions, digital supply chains, humanitarian partnerships, focusing both globally and on emerging markets, and nurturing smaller as well as larger businesses, have enabled the firm to thrive. Given the importance of global supply chains during COVID-19, Agility is a pivotal example of partnering with governments and pharmaceutical companies worldwide in delivering the new array of vaccines, as well as personal protective equipment and other medical supplies, in the battle against the pandemic. Agility in addition illustrates the strategic value of partnering with other logistics firms in humanitarian collaborations as well as in business strategy transactions.Research limitations/implicationsThe article contributes to the emergent research stream on leadership, innovation and internationalization in the Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council and Middle East North Africa (GCC/MENA) region and more generally on the strengths and proficiencies of emerging market firms and leaders. Future research could examine additional firms, industries or regions of the world during the pandemic or other crisis contexts. Further data sources and analyses can be used in validating and extending the findings.Practical implicationsDigital supply chains, humanitarian partnerships and an emphasis on digital communications, storage and transportation innovations can benefit firms from all regions of the world during the global pandemic and other crises, as well as in normal operations.Social implicationsEmerging markets represent the majority of global population and economic growth, as well as of pandemic cases and mortality risk, signifying the importance of leadership, collaboration and innovation around issues such as vaccine delivery into emerging markets regions of the world.Originality/valueThe article takes a revelatory case perspective in the pandemic crisis context from a unique foundation of immersive field research and data access in the GCC/MENA) region.

scholarly journals Editorial

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Swati Narula Puri ◽  
Poonam Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global History ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World

Global pandemic COVID 19 has emerged as a significant episode in global history which has taught the world multiple lessons of endurance, vitality and revival. The emergence of corona virus represents the most difficult pandemic that caused a big impact on various economic sectors worldwide. Governments across the globe have been enforcing different approaches to minimize the effect on public health through lockdown procedures, restrictions on the movement of individuals, and practising social distancing. These actions have impacted most businesses as consumers' purchase behaviours changed radically, which caused significant implications on profitability and the efficacy of marketing practices.

scholarly journals Misinformation in and about science

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (15) ◽  
pp. e1912444117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jevin D. West ◽  
Carl T. Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
Information Filtering ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Predatory Publishing ◽  
Filter Bubbles

Humans learn about the world by collectively acquiring information, filtering it, and sharing what we know. Misinformation undermines this process. The repercussions are extensive. Without reliable and accurate sources of information, we cannot hope to halt climate change, make reasoned democratic decisions, or control a global pandemic. Most analyses of misinformation focus on popular and social media, but the scientific enterprise faces a parallel set of problems—from hype and hyperbole to publication bias and citation misdirection, predatory publishing, and filter bubbles. In this perspective, we highlight these parallels and discuss future research directions and interventions.

scholarly journals Experiences of meaningful connection in the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110402
Author(s):  
Dave Smallen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Question ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Meaningful Connections ◽  
Unites States

This qualitative study explored the question, “What kinds of interactions did people experience as meaningful connections with others during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Unites States?” Eighty-eight participants completed an online survey, 3 to 7 weeks following the World Health Organization’s declaration of global pandemic. Participants completed open-ended questions about social interactions they experienced as meaningful connections with people of three levels of familiarity. Thematic analysis of participant responses identified four overarching themes: openness to the other, affirmation of the self, emotional uplift, and meeting of basic needs. A secondary research question explored, “In what ways did people perceive the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic as affecting how meaningful connections were motivated, enacted, and experienced?” The context of the pandemic enhanced the meaning of social connection, offered a common struggle to connect over, and motivated prosociality. This study offers a descriptive window into the interactions experienced as meaningful connections in the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic and may usefully inform future research and applied work promoting social connections in current and future collective crises.

scholarly journals Explaining Compliance with Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Cultural Orientations, Trust and Self-Conscious Emotions in the US, Italy, and South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Travaglino ◽  
Chanki Moon
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
The World ◽  
Shame And Guilt

The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis. Many governments around the world have responded by implementing lockdown measures of different degrees of intensity. To be effective, such measures must rely on citizens’ compliance. In the present study, we drew on samples from the US (N = 597), Italy (N = 606) and South Korea (N = 693) and examined predictors of compliance with social distancing, and intentions to disclose the disease to authorities and acquaintances/friends. Data were collected between April 6th and 8th. We investigated the role of cultural orientations of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism, trust in the government’s action, and self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt related to the disease. Across all countries, vertical collectivism predicted stronger shame whereas horizontal collectivism predicted stronger trust in the government’s action. Only in the US, vertical collectivism was associated with stronger trust. Subsequently, shame predicted lower compliance and intentions to disclose the disease, whereas guilt was associated with stronger intentions to disclose the disease to the authorities, and trust was associated with stronger compliance and intentions to disclose the disease to the authorities. Unlike Italy and South Korea, the association between trust on compliance was not statistically significant in the US, Implications of the findings, and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health in the Period of Quarantine and Social Distancing With COVID-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
The World

UNSTRUCTURED The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly throughout the world and has had a long-term impact. The pandemic has caused great harm to society and caused serious psychological trauma to many people. Children are a vulnerable group in this global public health emergency, as their nervous systems, endocrine systems, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes are not well developed. Psychological crises often cause children to produce feelings of abandonment, despair, incapacity, and exhaustion, and even raise the risk of suicide. Children with mental illnesses are especially vulnerable during the quarantine and social distancing period. The inclusion of psychosocial support for children and their families are part of the health responses to disaster and disaster recovery. Based on the biopsychosocial model, some children may have catastrophic thoughts and be prone to experience despair, numbness, flashbacks, and other serious emotional and behavioral reactions. In severe cases, there may be symptoms of psychosis or posttraumatic stress disorder. Timely and appropriate protections are needed to prevent the occurrence of psychological and behavioral problems. The emerging digital applications and health services such as telehealth, social media, mobile health, and remote interactive online education are able to bridge the social distance and support mental and behavioral health for children. Based on the psychological development characteristics of children, this study also illustrates interventions on the psychological impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though the world has been struggling to curb the influences of the pandemic, the quarantine and social distancing policies will have long-term impacts on children. Innovative digital solutions and informatics tools are needed more than ever to mitigate the negative consequences on children. Health care delivery and services should envision and implement innovative paradigms to meet broad well-being needs and child health as the quarantine and social distancing over a longer term becomes a new reality. Future research on children's mental and behavioral health should pay more attention to novel solutions that incorporate cutting edge interactive technologies and digital approaches, leveraging considerable advances in pervasive and ubiquitous computing, human-computer interaction, and health informatics among many others. Digital approaches, health technologies, and informatics are supposed to be designed and implemented to support public health surveillance and critical responses to children’s growth and development. For instance, human-computer interactions, augmented reality, and virtual reality could be incorporated to remote psychological supporting service for children’s health; mobile technologies could be used to monitor children’s mental and behavioral health while protecting their individual privacy; big data and artificial intelligence could be used to support decision making on whether children should go out for physical activities and whether schools should be reopened. Implications to clinical practices, psychological therapeutic practices, and future research directions to address current effort gaps are highlighted in this study.

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