scholarly journals Coding Together - Coding Alone: The Role of Trust in Collaborative Programming

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Stephany ◽  
Fabian Braesemann ◽  
Mark Graham
Keyword(s):  
Open Source Software ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Collaborative Programming ◽  
Individual Asset ◽  
The City ◽  
Innovation Processes

In the digital economy, innovation processes increasingly rely on highly specialised know-how and open-source software shared on digital platforms on collaborative programming. The information that feeds into the content on these platforms is provided voluntarily by a vast crowd of knowledgeable users from all over the world. In contributing to the platforms, users invest their time and share knowledge with strangers to add to the rising body of digital knowledge.This requires an open mindset and trust. In this study, we argue that such a mindset is not just an individual asset, but determined by the local communities the users are embedded in. We, therefore, hypothesise that places with higher levels of trust should contribute more to StackOverflow, the world’s largest question-and-answer platform for programming questions. In relating the city-level contributions of 266 OECD metropolitan areas to infrastructure, economic, and trust measures, we find this hypothesis confirmed. In contrast, click rates to the platform are solely driven by infrastructure and economic variables, but not by trust. These findings highlight the importance of societal values in the 21st century knowledge economy: if policy-makers want to develop a lively local digital economy, it is not enough to provide fast Internet access and business opportunities. Instead, it is equally important to establish a trust-building environment that fosters sharing of innovative ideas, collaborations, and knowledge spillovers.

scholarly journals The Role of Global Platforms in Advancing Digital Transformation: Competence and Innovation Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
I. V. Danilin ◽  
Z. A. Mamedyarov
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
First Case ◽  
Market Organization ◽  
Transformation Competence ◽  
Further Development ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Innovation Processes

In the last decade, the foundations of the digital economy have been formed with Internet platforms becoming its largest and most important segment. According to the authors, one of the key problems associated with the development of the digital economy and of Internet platforms is the diffusion of existing and generation of the new competencies. This is important both for platform users and partner companies. The article analyzes the role of platforms in this process and highlights the main channels for competence diffusion. Firstly, individual and, secondly, institutional dimensions of these processes are defined. In the first case, the authors elaborate on the ways of developing user competencies - both basic and specialized. In the second case, the article focuses  on the distribution of organizational and institutional competencies, and best practices among partner companies and participants in corporate ecosystems of platforms. For the partners the primary conditions for acquiring new competencies depend, firstly, on a system of organizational and economic requirements of the platforms. Secondly — on specific digital interfaces. Growth and improvement of services, technology, dynamics and principles of platform market organization provide formation and diffusion of more complex economic and technical competences of digital economy. It is shown that a new powerful source of development and transfer of promising technological and economic competences within the extended platform ecosystems is also being formed. The scope of operations of modern digital platforms, their composition, engagement of all key groups of actors in the innovation processes (including consumers) create unique opportunities for further development of this area.

scholarly journals Mobility and out-of-home activities of older people living in suburban environments: ‘Because I'm a driver, I don't have a problem'

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELISABETH ZEITLER ◽  
LAURIE BUYS
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Community Environment ◽  
Private Transportation ◽  
Private Car ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTGovernments are challenged by the need to ensure that ageing populations stay active and engaged as they age. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the role of mobility in older people's engagement in out-of-home activities, and to identify the experiences they have within their communities. This research investigates the use of transportation by older people and its implications for their out-of-home activities within suburban environments. The qualitative, mixed-method approach employs data collection methods which include a daily travel diary (including a questionnaire), Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking and semi-structured interviews with older people living in suburban environments in Brisbane, Australia. Results show that older people are mobile throughout the city, and their car provides them with that opportunity to access desired destinations. This ability to drive allows older people to live independently and to assist others who do not drive, particularly where transport alternatives are not as accessible. The ability to transport goods and other people is a significant advantage of the private car over other transport options. People with no access to private transportation who live in low-density environments are disadvantaged when it comes to participation within the community. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between transportation and participation within the community environment, to assist policy makers and city and transportation planners to develop strategies for age-friendly environments within the community.

scholarly journals DIGITALIZATION OF BUSINESS IN KAZAKHSTAN-REGIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL ASPECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-230
Author(s):  
Zh.B. Smagulova ◽  
◽  
A.E. Mukhanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Digital Products ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
High Level

The article briefly defines the term and describes the preconditions for the digital economy formation in the modern conditions. Based on the literature review, the main characteristics of digital markets are presented (the dynamics of development, expansion and consolidation of business, a high level of innovation activity, the key role of digital platforms). The advantages of the digital economy compared to the traditional one are listed (unlimited access to digital products, while material products can be used by several people, digital products are not subject to material wear, etc.). The role of the digital economy is emphasized, which consists in an annual increase in its share in the GDP of states by almost 20% (in developed countries, this it is on average 7%). Government programs, strategies for thedigital technologies development and promotion and/or digitalization of national economies and industrial sectors in various world countries are listed. The results of the "Digital Kazakhstan" State program implementation (the total economic effect of digitalization in Kazakhstan amounted to $ 578 million, direct investment in digital transformation will amount to $ 7.4 trillion between 2020 and 2023) are considered and the industry and regional indices of digitalization of the country's economy are described in detail.

scholarly journals Three Stories about Regional Salience: ‘Regional Worlds’, ‘Political Mobilisation’, and ‘Performativity’.

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnoud Lagendijk
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Institutional Economic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spatial Boundedness

AbstractTerritoriality is an important dimension of knowledge production and application. Despite the ethereal nature of the product itself, knowledge is thought to originate from, and be anchored to, particular places. Over the last decades, studies on themes such as Innovation Systems and knowledge spillovers have pointed at and further explored the spatial dimension of knowledge production, suggesting that due to spatial boundedness of knowledge the region presents an essential site for innovation, production and policy-makers. To review this message of regional salience three stories are presented: The first story, the institutional-economic account, features the role of the economy. The second story features political actors and processes, and the way these have promoted and mobilised the region as a significant site of innovation, production and policy-making. The third story focuses on the message of regional salience itself, with as protagonists the authors of the message, namely academics. The conclusion will bring the various stories together, suggesting how the story of performativity bears on the story on political mobilisation, and how both these stories may serve to put the institutional-economic account into perspective.

scholarly journals Community gardening in Stockholm: participation, driving forces and the role of the municipality

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Bonow ◽  
Maria Normark
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
The Body ◽  
Community Gardening ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Instrumental Approach ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The City

AbstractThe paper reports on a study of community gardening in Stockholm. We contribute to the body of knowledge about the sustainability of community gardens and this new form of citizen-led initiatives in Stockholm, with the ambition of creating a debate about the best way to sustain and develop these initiatives in Sweden. We argue that although community gardening may provide leverage for means of developing a sustainable city, it is a marginal phenomenon and contributes little to sustainable development its present form. Through interviews we have investigated how the citizens and municipality officers of Stockholm try to adapt to the renewed interest in community gardening by looking at the policy makers’, municipality officers’ and grassroots movements’ incentives to start community gardens. We specifically focus on how the community gardeners articulate their reasons for participating in collaborative initiatives in the city and how these expectations evolve when they are faced with the reality of gardening and the problems relating to producing food in the city. We have found that there are a growing number of citizens and local authorities advocating community gardening, but the sustainability and endurance of gardens are hampered by vague responsibilities, lack of leadership and unclear expectations of the outcome. Community gardening cases in Stockholm contribute to the debate by exemplifying how formal (e.g. policy making) and informal advocacy (e.g. civic engagement in community gardening) groups are collaborating, but also showing that they often have different agendas and initial motivations for setting up new gardens. We argue that uncritical enthusiasm results in an overly instrumental approach to governance of community gardening and that the sustainability and endurance of the community gardening is not an issue that the governing bodies plan for, and hence it is forgotten. We suggest some routes forward, involving employing facilitators from various stakeholders such as the municipality, housing companies and various NGOs.

Who is the ‘smart’ resident in the digital age? The varied profiles of users and non-users in the contemporary city

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1260-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tali Hatuka ◽  
Hadas Zur
Keyword(s):  
Digital Age ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
The City ◽  
Geographical Characteristics

This paper is centred on the levels of participation in digital municipal platforms, and its goals are threefold: (1) to assess the normative aspirations and limitations of policy makers and key actors in the municipality with regard to the smart resident idea, with a focus on participation and privacy; (2) to assess and categorise levels of participation in varied social and geographic contexts in the city; and (3) to assess the possible link between participation and privacy practices among users. Empirically, this paper studies the practices of the inhabitants of Tel Aviv-Yafo City, with a focus on the use of digitised services provided by the municipality and the use of the celebrated project ‘Digi-Tel’ – a digital card that offers to the inhabitants of the city services, discounts, targeted information and benefits around the city. The assessment of the inhabitants’ practices is based on a survey that was conducted in four neighbourhoods with different socio-economic, ethnic and geographical characteristics. The survey is supplemented with interviews of prominent figures in the Tel Aviv-Yafo municipality to understand their views on participation and privacy. The paper concludes with a discussion of the varied profiles of the users and non-users of digital platforms in the city, revealing their complex approach to participation in the digital age.

scholarly journals The Role of Urban Manufacturing for a Circular Economy in Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Tanya Tsui ◽  
David Peck ◽  
Bob Geldermans ◽  
Arjan van Timmeren
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Resource Flows ◽  
The City

In recent years, implementing a circular economy in cities (or “circular cities”) has been proposed by policy makers as a potential solution for achieving sustainability. One strategy for circular cities is to reintroduce manufacturing into urban areas (or “urban manufacturing”), allowing resource flows to be localized at the city scale. However, the extent to which urban manufacturing contributes to circular cities is unclear in existing literature. The purpose of this paper is therefore twofold: to understand whether urban manufacturing could contribute to the circular economy, and to understand the drivers and barriers to circular urban manufacturing. By reviewing existing literature and interviewing experts, we identified the caveats for the contribution of urban manufacturing to circular cities, as well as the spatial, social, and material-related drivers and barriers for circular urban manufacturing.

Digital Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Ebinimi Tebepah
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The digital economy is growing rapidly across the world, albeit at an uneven pace that transcends different countries. In most countries, however, the digital economy is constantly evolving. This article seeks to explore the possible role of the telecoms regulator within the context of a digital economy in Nigeria. The article starts by providing an overview of digital economy by defining this concept as well as its components. Furthermore, the article provides some examples of emerging technologies, which appears to propel the digital economy and some inherent challenges. The article then discusses the readiness of the Nigerian economy in adopting digital economy which involves broadband coverage, data protection, and interoperability of digital platforms. Finally, the implications for the regulator within the context of having a digital economy is considered and practical recommendations provided.

scholarly journals The Role of Traditional Law Sources in the Regulation of the International Trade in Services in the Digital Economy Period

JURIST ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Ekaterina D. Vornikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Impact

The author analyzes the impact of traditional sources of law on the regulation of foreign trade in services in digital economy. The features of trade are extraterritoriality and usage of digital platforms. Taking into account these features, a significant influence of international treaties and legal custom in the studied area are revealed. The formation of «platform law» and the presence of self-regulation and dispute resolution functions in digital platforms are noted.

Leicester, Festival City, or a City with Festivals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Brown
Keyword(s):  
Local Authority ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Religious Festivals ◽  
The City ◽  
Depth Interviews

This chapter examines the notion of ‘festival city’ in relation to festivals and events in the City of Leicester, and considers whether a coordinated approach to festivals is appropriate for the city. Through in-depth interviews it examines to what extent the drawing together of festivals and events is important to a selection of the city’s key stakeholders, including the festival organisers and the policy makers, and the potential roles for the local authority. It looks at whether there are place identity and economic benefits of drawing the festivals together, and the value of a promoting a title such as ‘Festival City’. In contrast, a city with festivals may be defined as a city where, although many festivals happen, there is no, or very little, coordination, and no shared strategy, particularly in relation to the role of local government. This is also distinct from a ‘festival city’ in that festivals are seen as separate and promoted as such, with no clear overall purpose, though recognised as positive for a city and actively encouraged. Crucially this chapter asks if leadership in developing a focused, coordinated approach to festivals may be better positioned outside the municipal council. Although the role of the local authority would remain important in providing funding and access to resources, we ask if it could potentially achieve more through developing delivery partnerships. For the purposes of this chapter a ‘festival city’ has been defined as a city where there is coordination of festivals for the purpose of creating a brand to promote tourism and support place marketing. It may also have benefits in raising the profile of smaller events, widening audiences, and increasing potential for raising sponsorship or accessing funding. As we shall see, other UK cities such as York, Bath and Cheltenham have all used this coordinated approach with their festival programmes. This chapter will focus on the City of Leicester where, even within an environment of huge cuts to public spending, there is a commitment to culture, and in particular festivals, as seen in its investment in festivals and the 2013 bid for UK City of Culture, for which it was shortlisted. Leicester has a large number of festivals and its culturally and ethnically diverse population is reflected in its strong mix of arts, cultural and religious festivals.

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