scholarly journals Fewer Siblings, more Wealth? Sibship Size and Wealth Attainment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp M. Lersch
Keyword(s):  
Panel Study ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Resource Dilution ◽  
The Family ◽  
Order Position ◽  
Wealth Inequalities ◽  
Parental Wealth ◽  
Dilution Theory

This study examines the association between sibship size and wealth in adulthood. The study draws on resource dilution theory and additionally discusses potentially wealth-enhancing consequences of having siblings. Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP, N=3,502 individuals) are used to estimate multilevel regression models adjusted for parental wealth and other important confounders neglected in extant work. The main results of the current study show that additional siblings reduce wealth by about 27 to 39 percent. Parental wealth moderates the association so that sibship size is more negatively associated with filial wealth when parents are wealthier. Birth order position does not moderate the association between sibship size and wealth. The findings suggest that fertility in the family of origin has a systematic impact on wealth attainment and may contribute to population-level wealth inequalities independently from other socio-economic characteristics in families of origin such as parental wealth.

scholarly journals Effects of Birth Order on Intelligence, Educational Attainment, Personality, and Risk Aversion in an Indonesian Sample

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Botzet ◽  
Julia Marie Rohrer ◽  
Ruben C. Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Resource Dilution ◽  
Universal Family ◽  
Intelligence Education

Few studies have examined birth order effects on personality in countries that are not Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD), even though theories have generally suggested interculturally universal family dynamics as the mechanism behind birth order effects, and prominent theories such as resource dilution would even predict stronger effects in poorer countries. Here, we investigate a subset of up to 11,188 participants of the Indonesian Family Life Survey, an ongoing representative panel study, to study whether later-born siblings differ from earlier-borns in intelligence, educational attainment, personality, and risk aversion. Analyses were performed using within-family designs in mixed-effects models. In model comparisons we tested for linear and non-linear birth order effects as well as for possible interactions of birth order and sibship size. Our estimated effect sizes are consistent with the emerging account of birth order as having relatively little impact on intelligence, education, personality, and risk aversion; and they exclude recent estimates from WEIRD populations based on large sample sizes. Thus, even the small effects of birth order reported in other studies appear to be culturally specific.

scholarly journals Examining the Effects of the Sacramento Dockless E-Bike Share on Bicycling and Driving

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Dillon T. Fitch ◽  
Hossain Mohiuddin ◽  
Susan L. Handy
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bike Share

One way cities are looking to promote bicycling is by providing publicly or privately operated bike-share services, which enable individuals to rent bicycles for one-way trips. Although many studies have examined the use of bike-share services, little is known about how these services influence individual-level travel behavior more generally. In this study, we examine the behavior of users and non-users of a dockless, electric-assisted bike-share service in the Sacramento region of California. This service, operated by Jump until suspended due to the coronavirus pandemic, was one of the largest of its kind in the U.S., and spanned three California cities: Sacramento, West Sacramento, and Davis. We combine data from a repeat cross-sectional before-and-after survey of residents and a longitudinal panel survey of bike-share users with the goal of examining how the service influenced individual-level bicycling and driving. Results from multilevel regression models suggest that the effect of bike-share on average bicycling and driving at the population level is likely small. However, our results indicate that people who have used-bike share are likely to have increased their bicycling because of bike-share.

New Structure, Traditional Essence: Patterns of Helping Non-Coresident Parents by Own and Sibling(s)’ Gender in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 016402752110188
Author(s):  
Yifei Hou ◽  
Marissa Rurka ◽  
Siyun Peng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Family

As Chinese households are becoming smaller with increasing numbers of adult children and older parents living apart, the extent to which patterns of parental support reflect traditional gender dynamics is under debate. Integrating theories of sibling compensation with ceremonial giving, we tested whether helping non-coresident parents in China is affected by sibship size and how these patterns depend on own and sibling(s)’ gender using a sample of 4,359 non-coresident parent-child dyads nesting within 3,285 focal adult children from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2013. Opposite to patterns in the United States and Europe, we found substitutions of daughters with sons—having more brothers was associated with daughters’ reduced probabilities and hours of helping. Sons’ patterns of helping were independent of number of brothers and sisters in the family, consistent with the theory of ceremonial giving. These findings reflect the dominance of traditional family dynamics despite changes in family structure.

scholarly journals THE DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS IN POLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Szopiński
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Household Savings ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
The Family ◽  
Statistical Relationships

The relevant literature provides an array of factors determining the propensity of households to save. There is no unanimity among researchers as to the direction of statistical relationships among some variables such as, e.g. household income, the place of residence or concerns regarding the worsening of financial circumstances, and a household’s propensity to save. The aim of this article is to verify the statistical relationships between the amount of savings of Polish households and their attributes, such as: income, biological type of the family, and the size of the place of residence. The author of the article analyses the responses provided by Polish households with regard to the size of their savings measured as a multiple of their income. The data under analysis were collected during a panel study Diagnoza społeczna 2015 (ang. Social Diagnosis 2015). Higher earnings were accompanied by higher levels of savings. It was more common for households from bigger cities to have higher earnings. Taking into consideration the biological type of the family, childless marriages and people, who lived alone, declared having the highest savings.

scholarly journals Transmission heterogeneities, kinetics, and controllability of SARS-CoV-2

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. eabe2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyuan Sun ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Lidong Gao ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Kaiwei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Symptom Presentation ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
The Family ◽  
Infectious Disease Dynamics ◽  
Kinetics Of

A long-standing question in infectious disease dynamics concerns the role of transmission heterogeneities, driven by demography, behavior and interventions. Based on detailed patient and contact tracing data in Hunan, China we find 80% of secondary infections traced back to 15% of SARS-CoV-2 primary infections, indicating substantial transmission heterogeneities. Transmission risk scales positively with the duration of exposure and the closeness of social interactions and is modulated by demographic and clinical factors. The lockdown period increases transmission risk in the family and households, while isolation and quarantine reduce risks across all types of contacts. The reconstructed infectiousness profile of a typical SARS-CoV-2 patient peaks just before symptom presentation. Modeling indicates SARS-CoV-2 control requires the synergistic efforts of case isolation, contact quarantine, and population-level interventions, owing to the specific transmission kinetics of this virus.

The Impact of Parental Wealth on College Degree Attainment: Evidence from the Housing Boom and Bust

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rucker C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Degree Attainment ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Housing Wealth ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Federal Housing ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
Parental Wealth ◽  
Geocoded Data ◽  
The Impact

This study provides new evidence on the impact of parental wealth on college degree attainment. Using geocoded data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1968-2017) linked to local housing price data from the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the empirical strategy analyzes parental housing wealth changes induced by local housing booms of the late 1990s-early 2000s and the subsequent housing bust of the 2007-2009 period. 2SLS/IV estimates show parental wealth significantly increases the likelihood of earning a four-year college degree. Moreover, the combined effects of parental income and wealth are significantly greater than the effects of income alone.

Continuing the Family-Owned Home-Based Business: Evidence from a Panel Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Winter ◽  
Margaret Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Business Owner ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Family ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Changing Attitudes

A panel study of households in which someone is engaged in a home-based family business is analyzed to assess factors associated with the probability that the business will be operating three years later and reasons for quitting the business. Factors associated with the continuation of the business include age and education of the business owner, the number of years in business, positive feelings about the work, and expectations about changing attitudes toward the business. Neither income nor attitudes about income from the home-based work were significant predictors of the owner having the same business three years later.

The Economic Context of Labor Allocation

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH BERGEN
Keyword(s):  
Panel Study ◽  
Domestic Labor ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Gender Stratification ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Labor Allocation ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Family

This study investigates the process by which married women and men allocate their labor between employment and housework. The two forms of labor are conceptualized as economically productive and subject to economic determinants at three levels: the macroeconomic structure, the family economy, and individual human capital characteristics. Data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics indicate that both women's market and domestic labor are highly sensitive to the family economy, whereas men's market labor is subject to the macroeconomic structure and men's domestic labor is little affected by its economic context. Implications of these patterns for the process of gender stratification are described.

scholarly journals Sibship Size and Gendered Resource Dilution in Different Societal Contexts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e0160953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs Kalmijn ◽  
Herman G. van de Werfhorst
Keyword(s):  
Sibship Size ◽  
Resource Dilution
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