MEASURING SEXUAL VICTIMIZATION AND PERPETRATION IN TODAY’S SOCIETY: MODIFICATIONS TO THE SEXUAL EXPERIENCES SURVEY

Sexual violence is a major public health problem that has received increasing scientific attention over the years. Prevalence rates, however, remain inconclusive due to inconsistencies in the applied definition of sexual violence. While the development of the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) and its popular use among scholars already allowed for greater comparisons between studies, the latest revision dates back from 2006. In the meantime legal definitions have changed and other forms of sexual violence have become more prominent. This paper discusses changes made to the SES in the context of a large-scale national representative study regarding sexual violence among the Belgian population. The rationale indicated that changes to the SES may be necessary to increase its applicability in today’s society. The aim of this paper is to inform future scholars who wish to examine sexual violence and make similar changes, therefore allowing for greater comparability between studies. In addition, we aim to create a platform for future discussions and documentations of changes made to the SES that may eventually be used as a basis for future revisions of the SES tool.

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Prevalence of Sexual Violence in Migrants, Applicants for International Protection, and Refugees in Europe: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis of the Evidence

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15091979 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1979 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lotte De Schrijver ◽

Tom Vander Beken ◽

Barbara Krahé ◽

Ines Keygnaert

Keyword(s):

Sexual Violence ◽

Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽

Ecological Model ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Future Research ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

International Protection ◽

Critical Interpretive Synthesis ◽

Definition Of

(1) Background: Sexual violence (SV) is a major public health problem, with negative socio-economic, physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health consequences. Migrants, applicants for international protection, and refugees (MARs) are vulnerable to SV. Since many European countries are seeing high migratory pressure, the development of prevention strategies and care paths focusing on victimised MARs is highly needed. To this end, this study reviews evidence on the prevalence of SV among MAR groups in Europe and the challenges encountered in research on this topic. (2) Methods: A critical interpretive synthesis of 25 peer-reviewed academic studies and 22 relevant grey literature documents was conducted based on a socio-ecological model. (3) Results: Evidence shows that SV is highly frequent in MARs in Europe, yet comparison with other groups is still difficult. Methodologically and ethically sound representative studies comparing between populations are still lacking. Challenges in researching SV in MARs are located at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, societal, and policy levels. (4) Conclusions: Future research should start with a clear definition of the concerned population and acts of SV to generate comparable data. Participatory qualitative research approaches could be applied to better grasp the complexity of interplaying determinants of SV in MARs.

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Proteomics of Breast Cancer: Outcomes and Prospects

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment ◽

10.1177/153303460200100410 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 287-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ikram El Yazidi-Belkoura ◽

Eric Adriaenssens ◽

Anne-Sophie Vercoutter-Edouart ◽

Jérôme Lemoine ◽

Victor Nurcombe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Intracellular Signaling ◽

Large Scale ◽

Protein Identification ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

High Throughput Analysis ◽

Breast Cancer Outcomes ◽

Human Genome Sequencing ◽

Definition Of

Breast cancer is a major public health problem. The identification of new markers to differentiate neoplastic from the normal cells, more thorough understanding of different stages of the pathology, as well as the definition of new therapeutic targets, are all of critical importance. With the completion of human genome sequencing and the introduction of mass spectrometry, combined with protein identification via advanced bioinformatics, proteomics has emerged as a valuable tool for the discovery of new molecular markers. New methods in functional proteomics have also been developed to study the intracellular signaling pathways that underline the development of breast cancer. As illustrated with the examples of fibroblast growth factor-2 and H19, an oncogenic, noncoding mRNA, proteomics have become a powerful approach for deciphering the complex signaling circuitry involved in tumor growth. Breast cancer proteomics have already identified proteins of potential clinical interest (such as the molecular chaperone 14-3-3 sigma) and technological innovations in large scale/high throughput analysis are now ushering in new prospects.

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Addressing Female Iron-Deficiency Anaemia in India: Is Vegetarianism the Major Obstacle?

ISRN Public Health ◽

10.5402/2012/765476 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Anu Rammohan ◽

Niyi Awofeso ◽

Marie-Claire Robitaille

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Large Scale ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Vegetarian Diet ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Indian Women ◽

Deficiency Anaemia

Objectives. We examined the influence of vegetarian diet on the risk of developing anaemia among Indian women and suggest initiatives for addressing diet-related iron-deficiency anaemia. Methods. We analysed data on diet, social class, and haemoglobin levels from the nationally representative Indian National Family and Health Survey 2005/06 for a sample of 81,301 women aged 15–49 years using logistic regression models. Results. After controlling for individual-level factors and household level socioeconomic characteristics, daily consumption of meat, fish, and eggs was associated with lower odds of being moderately or severely anaemic. Our analysis also revealed that economic characteristics such as being from higher wealth quintiles, being in paid employment, and rural residence reduced the odds of having iron-deficiency anaemia among Indian women. Discussion. As a large proportion of Indians subsist on iron-poor vegetarian diets for religious, economic, and cultural reasons, large-scale iron supplementation and fortification of commonly consumed vegetarian foodstuffs constitute a feasible, culturally appropriate, and cost-effective strategy for addressing this major public health problem. Consumption of cheap iron-rich foodstuffs should be promoted. Effective poverty alleviation and hookworm prevention programs are also important. Large-scale cohort and intervention studies are urgently required to further define the influence of vegetarianism on iron deficiency anaemia in India.

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An Initial Test of the Tactic-First and Item-Order Hypotheses: Accounting for Response Discrepancies in Sexual Victimization Questionnaires

10.31219/osf.io/2fg3w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

RaeAnn Elizabeth Anderson ◽

Erica L. Goodman ◽

Alyssa M. Ciampaglia

Keyword(s):

Sexual Violence ◽

Sexual Victimization ◽

Strong Support ◽

Order Conditions ◽

The Other ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Sexual Experiences ◽

Initial Test ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Item Order

Reported prevalence rates of sexual violence range widely in the literature, even in the same sample when using two different questionnaires of the same construct. These discrepancies are concerning as they indicate we may be underestimating the rate of sexual violence and, therefore, resources and treatment for victims. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate two mechanisms that may contrib-ute to differences in reported prevalence rates across the literature and discrepancies within studies: the tactic-first and item-order hypotheses. Participants were 265 MTurk workers whom all complet-ed the Post-Refusal Sexual Persistence Scale (PRSPS), then were randomly assigned to one of two versions of a tactic-first Sexual Experiences Survey (T-SES). Experimental conditions varied in the item order of the T-SES, one condition received the traditional hierarchical item order (n = 130) while the other received a randomized item order (n = 135). Our results suggest strong support for the tactic-first hypothesis; victimization prevalence rates on the T-SES were double compared to the traditional SES (54.1 vs. 19.8%) in prior research. Further, in both conditions, victimization prevalence rates were statistically equivalent between the PRSPS (62.6%) and the tactic-first SESs (56.2 and 54.1%), χ2(1) < 2.5, p ≈ .1 -.7, contrary to prior research. We did not find support for the item-order hypothe-sis; there were few differences between item-order conditions. Our findings indicate that uninten-tional underreporting remains a threat to validity in sexual violence assessment, and continued re-search into the mechanisms of measurement is warranted.

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Malaria Reports, a new journal

Malaria Reports ◽

10.4081/malaria.2011.e1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Niko Speybroeck

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Malaria Control ◽

Large Scale ◽

Indoor Residual Spraying ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Bed Nets ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

The Past ◽

Combination Treatments ◽

International Funding

International funding for malaria control has raised significantly in the past decade, leading to large-scale indoor residual spraying campaigns, to the distribution of insecticidetreated bed nets, and to the introduction of artemisinin-based combination treatments. An encouraging reduction of malaria cases has been reported in a number of countries, but malaria remains a major public health problem worldwide (WHO, 2010). People living in the poorest countries are the most vulnerable. Therefore, it remains a challenge to ensure that high levels of coverage and caution are maintained and that efforts aimed at developing an effective and affordable vaccine would be amplified.

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A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes in Norway

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1423

Author(s):

Samira Behboudi-Gandevani ◽

Ranjan Parajuli ◽

Mojtaba Vaismoradi

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Policy Development ◽

Large Scale ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Service Planning ◽

World Health ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Original Research ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Published Evidence

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major public health problem and a threat to maternal and child health. There is a lack of integrated and systematically synthesized knowledge about the prevalence GDM in Norway. Therefore, this systemic review aimed to present the best available peer-reviewed published evidence from the past 20 years about the prevalence of GDM in Norway. A comprehensive literature search was performed on online databases consisting of PubMed (including Medline), Web of Science, and Scopus to retrieve original research articles published on the prevalence of GDM up to August 2020. Also, databases of Norart and SveMed+ in the Norwegian language were searched to enhance the search coverage. Data were extracted using a standardized protocol and data collection form and were presented narratively. A total of 11 studies were selected to include for data analysis and synthesis with the total sample size of 2,314,191 pregnant women. The studies included heterogenous populations and mostly reported the prevalence of GDM in healthy mothers with singleton pregnancies. The prevalence of GDM in population registered-based studies in Norway was reported to be lower than 2%, using the World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 criteria. However, studies on high-risk populations such as the non-European ethnicity reported prevalence rates ranging from 8% to 15%. Given the evidence from available literature that reported trends in the prevalence of GDM, an increase in the prevalence of GDM across most racial/ethnic groups studied in Norway was observed. Overall, the prevalence of GDM in the low risk population of Norway is fairly low, but the available literature supports the perspective that the prevalence of GDM has shown an increasing trend in recent decades. This finding is very important for health service planning and evaluation, policy development, and research in Norway. Large-scale prospective studies, using the national data, are warranted to provide firm evidence over coming years. Our review findings can help policy makers devise appropriate strategies for improving women’s reproductive health.

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INTESTINAL NEMATODAE INFECTIONS: ALGORITHM OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT. ANALYSIS OF CASES AND REVIEW

Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases (Russian Journal) ◽

10.18821/1560-9529-2018-23-3-149-152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 149-152

Author(s):

Alexander M. Bronstein ◽

M. S. Maximova ◽

L. V. Fedyanina ◽

S. V. Burova ◽

N. A. Malyshev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Intestinal Nematode ◽

Helminth Infections ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Clinical Disorders ◽

Treatment Analysis ◽

And Control ◽

Diagnostic Technologies

In areas with high prevalence, intensity and incidence of soil-transmitted helminthosis four main soil-transmitted helminth infections, ascariasis, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis and hookworm, are common clinical disorders in man. Mebendazole, albendazole, ivermectin and pyrantel are commonly used to remove these infections. The use of these drugs is not limited to treatment of symptomatic soil-transmitted helminth infections, but also for large-scale prevention of morbidity in children living in endemic areas. Recent research has provided new diagnostic technologies applicable to diagnosis, treatment and control. Despite some progress in their control, intestinal nematode infections continue to be a major public health problem in many regions.

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Methylene blue inhibits lumefantrine-resistant Plasmodium berghei

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.7556 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (06) ◽

pp. 635-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Victor Irungu Mwangi ◽

Ruth Mwende Mumo ◽

Daniel Muthui Kiboi ◽

Sabah Ahmed Omar ◽

Zipporah Waithera Ng'ang'a ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Combination Therapy ◽

Large Scale ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Drug Repurposing ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Emergence Of Resistance

Introduction: Chemotherapy still is the most effective way to control malaria, a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The large-scale use of the combination therapy artemether-lumefantrine for malaria treatment in Africa predisposes lumefantrine to emergence of resistance. There is need to identify drugs that can be used as substitutes to lumefantrine for use in combination therapy. Methylene blue, a synthetic anti-methemoglobinemia drug, has been shown to contain antimalarial properties, making it a candidate for drug repurposing. The present study sought to determine antiplasmodial effects of methylene blue against lumefantrine- and pyrimethamine-resistant strains of P. berghei. Methodology: Activity of methylene blue was assessed using the classical four-day test on mice infected with lumefantrine-resistant and pyrimethamine-resistant P. berghei. A dose of 45 mg/kg/day was effective for testing ED90. Parasitemia and mice survival was determined. Results: At 45 mg/kg/day, methylene blue sustained significant parasite inhibition, over 99%, for at least 6 days post-treatment against lumefantrine-resistant and pyrimethamine-resistant P. berghei (p = 0.0086 and p = 0.0191, respectively). No serious adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: Our results indicate that methylene blue at a concentration of 45 mg/kg/day confers over 99% inhibition against lumefantrine- and pyrimethamine-resistant P. berghei for six days. This shows the potential use methylene blue in the development of antimalarials against lumefantrine- and pyrimethamine-resistant parasites.

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Q fever in the Netherlands: an update on the epidemiology and control measures

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.15.12.19520-en ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

Author(s):

W van der Hoek ◽

F Dijkstra ◽

B Schimmer ◽

P M Schneeberger ◽

P Vellema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Large Scale ◽

Q Fever ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Primary Source ◽

Control Measures ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Source Of Infection

Since the steady rise in human cases which started in 2007, Q fever has become a major public health problem in the Netherlands with 2,357 human cases notified in the year 2009. Ongoing research confirms that abortion waves on dairy goat farms are the primary source of infection for humans, primarily affecting people living close (under 5 km) to such a dairy goat farm. To reverse the trend of the last three years, drastic measures have been implemented, including the large-scale culling of pregnant goats on infected farms.

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