Malaria Reports, a new journal

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Niko Speybroeck
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
International Funding

International funding for malaria control has raised significantly in the past decade, leading to large-scale indoor residual spraying campaigns, to the distribution of insecticidetreated bed nets, and to the introduction of artemisinin-based combination treatments. An encouraging reduction of malaria cases has been reported in a number of countries, but malaria remains a major public health problem worldwide (WHO, 2010). People living in the poorest countries are the most vulnerable. Therefore, it remains a challenge to ensure that high levels of coverage and caution are maintained and that efforts aimed at developing an effective and affordable vaccine would be amplified.

scholarly journals Opioid use and diabetes: An overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 006-010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Sharma ◽  
Yatan Balhara
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chronic Effects

AbstractIllicit opioids have emerged as a major public health problem over the past century. It continues to remain so in the current times. From the studies conducted among the animals, it has been clear that there are acute as well as chronic effects of opioids on the endocrine system. Diabetes has been recognized as a major public health concern and is expected to be a major problem in the coming decades. In this article, we shall discuss the effects of opioids in the glucose homeostasis in both the animal population and human population and its relation to diabetes.

scholarly journals Characterization of emerging predominant HFMD pathogen, coxsackievirus A6 in mainland China

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Song ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
W B Xu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6

Abstract Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) had the highest yearly incidence, with over 10 million cases of HFMD annually reported in China. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) have been regarded as the leading pathogens of HFMD outbreaks worldwide and in China; however, in recent years, the leading pathogens have been changing, as large outbreaks of CV-A6-associated HFMD have been reported worldwide. Since 2013, repeated large-scale HFMD outbreaks caused by CV-A6 happened in mainland China, where, as a result, CV-A6 has surpassed EV-A71 and CV-A16 as the leading HFMD pathogen in most Chinese provinces. We sequenced the whole genomes of 158 CV-A6 clinical samples that were isolated between 2010 and 2018 from the HFMD Surveillance Network established in our laboratory. Our results showed that: seven recombination forms (RFs) of Chinese CV-A6 were detected; different CV-A6 RFs showed distinct virulence and transmissibility; VP1283T may play an important role in the virulence of Chinese CV-A6. HFMD epidemics in China have become a serious public health problem over the past decade. In this research, we have attempted to explore the causes of the high transmissibility of the emerging CV-A6 in mainland China on the basis of CV-A6 evolution based on 336 whole-genome sequences, and we have yielded some fruitful results for the future research and surveillance of HFMD in China. Key messages HFMD epidemics in China have become a serious public health problem over the past decade. CV-A6 has surpassed EV-A71 and CV-A16 as the leading HFMD pathogen in most Chinese provinces.

scholarly journals Ghrelin, Diabetes and Obesity - Prospects for an Anti-obesity Vaccine

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
Shariq R Masoodi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Human History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide and nowadays stands as a major public health problem. Undoubtedly, the 21st century has the most diabetogenic environment in human history. The number of people living with diabetes has soared to 366 million, and the disease kills one person every seven seconds, posing a "massive challenge" to healthcare systems worldwide. Diabetes is a huge and growing problem, and the costs to society are high and escalating, affecting all countries. Over the past 25 years or so, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the USA has almost doubled, with three- to five-fold increases in India, Indonesia, China, Korea and Thailand. JMS 2011;14(2):38-39.

scholarly journals Diagnosis Klinis Demam Berdarah Dengue di Tiga Kabupaten/Kota Sulawesi Tengah Tahun 2015-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Hayani Anastasia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Abstract Dengue is a major public health problem in Indonesia including Central Sulawesi. In the past, Palu was the only city reported high dengue cases. Then,  dengue outbreaks were also reported from several districts in Central Sulawesi. The Provincial Health Office suspected over-reporting of dengue infection. This reviewed article was aimed to identify whether the clinical diagnosis was the cause of over-reporting of dengue infection. Data of dengue cases from three districts/city in 2015-2016 were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that there was an over-reporting of dengue infection by 51.7%. The over-reporting occurred because the diagnosis of cases was not strictly followed the guideline for dengue infection classification by the Ministry of Health. Therefore, it is necessary for the health practitioners to understand fully the guideline of dengue infection classification used in Indonesia. Abstrak Dengue merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia, termasuk di Sulawesi Tengah. Kota Palu merupakan daerah endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) utama di Sulawesi Tengah. Namun, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir kejadian luar biasa DBD dilaporkan di beberapa kabupaten. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah menduga adanya kemungkinan over-reporting kasus DBD yang menyebabkan meningkatnya laporan kasus DBD setiap tahunnya. Review ini bertujuan untuk mengidenfikasi kemungkinan adanya over-reporting kasus DBD di tiga kabupaten/kota di Sulwesi Tengah. Data kasus DBD tahun 2015-2016 dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk melihat adanya over-reporting. Hasil menujukkan bahwa terdapat kelebihan 51,7% kasus DBD yang disebabkan karena diagnosis tidak mengikuti kriteria diagnosis klinis sesuai panduan klasifikasi infeksi dengue yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan. Oleh karena itu sangat penting bagi klinisi untuk memahami kriteria diagnosis infeksi dengue yang digunakan di Indonesia.  

Immune-Based Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights from Pre-Clinical Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (32) ◽  
pp. 5374-5402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Amaral Machado ◽  
Ana Cristina Simões e Silva ◽  
Amanda Silva de Miranda ◽  
Thiago Macedo e Cordeiro ◽  
Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major public health problem. It is the leading cause of death and disability, especially among children and young adults. The neurobiology basis underlying TBI pathophysiology remains to be fully revealed. Over the past years, emerging evidence has supported the hypothesis that TBI is an inflammatory based condition, paving the way for the development of potential therapeutic targets. There is no treatment capable to prevent or minimize TBIassociated outcomes. Therefore, the search for effective therapies is a priority goal. In this context, animal models have become valuable tools to study molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in TBI pathogenesis as well as novel treatments. Herein, we discuss therapeutic strategies to treat TBI focused on immunomodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory approaches in the pre-clinical setting.

scholarly journals Targeting Nonsmokers to Help Smokers Quit: Features of a Large-scale Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2094356
Author(s):  
Gary J Tedeschi ◽  
Leslie S Zoref ◽  
Sharon E Cummins ◽  
Shu-Hong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Substantial Decline

Smoking continues to be a major public health problem, despite a substantial decline in prevalence rates over the last decades. Quit smoking interventions typically target smokers, whether through individual or group treatment or through broader public health campaigns. Yet, nonsmokers represent a vast and largely untapped resource to help smokers quit. This article describes an innovative approach that targeted nonsmokers through a media-style campaign with repeated reminders about smoking cessation. We tested the nonsmoker intervention in a large randomized trial and showed it to be effective in helping smokers quit. Components of the intervention included repeated mailings with relevant cessation messages over a 10-week period, 2 brief check-in telephone calls, and access to a study Web site. In this article, we discuss details of the intervention development, content, and implementation.

scholarly journals The use of common salt (sodium chloride) fortified with iron to control anaemia: results of a preliminary study

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Nadiger ◽  
K. A. V. R. Krishnamachari ◽  
A. Nadamuni Naidu ◽  
B. S. Narasinga Rao ◽  
S. G. Srikantia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Community Trials

1. Iron-deficiency anaemia continues to be a major public health problem in all developing countries. Fortification of commonly consumed food items has been suggested as an effective method of preventing anaemia. Common salt (sodium chloride) has been identified as a suitable vehicle to be fortified with Fe in India.2. Common salt was fortified with ferric orthophosphate (3500 mg/kg) and sodium hydrogen sulphate (5000 mg/kg) to provide an additional 1 mg elemental Fe/g common salt consumed.3. After ascertaining the acceptability of the fortified salt with respect to its colour, taste and bioavailability a pilot feeding trial was conducted among residential schoolchildren in Hyderabad. Feeding of the fortified salt for a period of 1 year resulted in a significant increase in the haemoglobin level of these children. There was also a significant reduction in the prevalence of anaemia among children given the fortified salt.4. Before the same fortified salt is recommended as a public health measure to prevent Fe-deficiency anaemia among our population it is necessary that further large-scale community trials with this fortified salt are carried out particularly among the rural population.

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

Crucial role of physiotherapy in treating COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Poonam Thakre ◽  
Waqar M. Naqvi ◽  
Trupti Deshmukh ◽  
Nikhil Ingole ◽  
Sourabh Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sixth International

The emergence in China of 2019 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) previously provisionally names 2019-nCoV disease (COVID19) caused major global outbreak and is a major public health problem. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID19 to be the sixth international public health emergency. This present pandemic has engrossed the globe with a high rate of mortality. As a front line practitioner, physiotherapists are expected to be getting in direct contact with patients infected with the virus. That’s why it is necessary for understanding the many aspects of their role in the identification, contains, reduces and treats the symptoms of this disease. The main presentation is the involvement of respiratory system with symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing and characteristics of pneumonia leads to ARDS(Acute respiratory distress syndrome) also land up in multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. This text describes and suggests physiotherapy management of acute COVID-19 patients. It also includes recommendations and guidelines for physiotherapy planning and management. It also covers the guidelines regarding personal care and equipment used for treatment which can be used in the treatment of acute adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

Knowledge, Awareness and Perception on Malaria in Tribal Regions of Vadodara District, Gujarat (India)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-416
Author(s):  
Bindu Bhatt ◽  
Janak P. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Tropical Regions

Malaria affects health and general well-being of many people in the developing world. In India also, malaria is a major public health problem. It continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many tropical regions of the world, despite global efforts to eradicate the disease. To achieve the targets of reducing malaria prevalence and preventing malaria epidemic, it is essential to have active community participation. Therefore, clear understanding of the Knowledge, Awareness and Perception (KAPs) of a particular community can help in framing the policy of prevention and promotion of any malaria control measure. In this context, the decision makers in the health sector are recognizing the importance of community’s KAPs on malaria and, thus, is gaining stimulus as one of the methods for malaria control. KAPs, however, play an important role in the improvement of health and health-seeking behaviour of a disease-burdened group. This study, therefore, investigates a local community’s KAPs on malaria in tribal areas of Vadodara District. The KAP investigates the community’s understanding of malaria transmission, their recognition of signs and symptoms, their treatment-seeking behaviours and community preventive measures and practices.

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