scholarly journals Does Protest “Distract” Athletes from Performing?: Evidence from the National Anthem Demonstrations in the National Football League

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Hawkins ◽  
Andrew Micah Lindner ◽  
Douglas Hartmann ◽  
Brianna Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
Racial Injustice ◽  
Team Game ◽  
Player Game ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Frequent Criticism

While there is a long tradition of activism within sport, a frequent criticism of athlete protest is that it is a “distraction” that hinders on-field performance. In 2017, in the midst of widespread demonstrations against racial injustice in the U.S. among players in the National Football League (NFL), the sports community reprised the “it’s a distraction” refrain. Using data drawn from multiple sources, we first explore which factors related to players’ likelihood of protesting. Then, using a series of analyses at the player-game level (n=19,051) and the team-game level (n=512), we tested the assertion that protest is detrimental to individual and team performance. The results of this study allow us to better understand factors that may constrain professional athletes’ participation in protest and challenge a common form of rhetoric used to discourage athlete activism.

scholarly journals Does Protest “Distract” Athletes From Performing? Evidence From the National Anthem Demonstrations in the National Football League

2021 ◽  
pp. 019372352110436
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Hawkins ◽  
Andrew M. Lindner ◽  
Douglas Hartmann ◽  
Brianna Cochran
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Distraction Effect ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
Racial Injustice ◽  
Team Game ◽  
Player Game ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Or Team

While there is a long tradition of activism within sport, a popular criticism of athlete protest is that it is a “distraction” that hinders on-field performance. The widespread demonstrations against racial injustice in 2017 among players in the National Football League (NFL) provided an opportunity to test this “distraction hypothesis.” Using data drawn from multiple sources, we first explored which factors predicted player protest, finding that Black players and those playing for underdogs were more likely to protest. Then, using a series of analyses at the player-game level ( n = 19,051) and the team-game level ( n = 512), we tested the assertion that protest is detrimental to individual or team performance, finding no evidence for a distraction effect. The results of this study allow us to better understand social factors that may affect athletic performance or constrain athlete activism.

Sporting dissent: Colin Kaepernick, NFL activism, and media framing contests

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 829-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Boykoff ◽  
Ben Carrington
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
Political Statement ◽  
Racial Injustice ◽  
The Usa

In August 2016, Colin Kaepernick, a quarterback on the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League, sat in protest during the national anthem. He made it clear that his stance was a political statement against racialized oppression and police brutality carried out against people of color in the USA, and in doing so he became a polarizing cultural figure. This article uses content analysis to examine newspaper coverage of the emergence and evolution of Kaepernick’s political activism over a critical two-year period, from August 2016 through August 2018. First, we identify the dominant frames that media adopted when covering his protests and their aftermath. Then we examine who got to speak in the articles: which sources tended to predominate and how did this inflect the principal frames? Finally, we explore whether Kaepernick’s activism deepened discussions over police brutality against African Americans or racial inequality in the USA. We conclude that the print media’s coverage was largely favorable to Kaepernick even as much of the coverage reduced the protest from being about racial injustice in the USA to being framed, reductively, as an “anthem protest.”

Is the bottom line reached? An exploration of supervisor bottom-line mentality, team performance avoidance goal orientation and team performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872672110029
Author(s):  
Yuying Lin ◽  
Mengxi Yang ◽  
Matthew J Quade ◽  
Wansi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Processing Theory ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Exclusive Focus ◽  
Avoidance Goal

How do supervisors who treat the bottom line as more important than anything else influence team success? Drawing from social information processing theory, we explore how and when supervisor bottom-line mentality (i.e. an exclusive focus on bottom-line outcomes at the expense of other priorities) exerts influence on the bottom-line itself, in the form of team performance. We argue that a supervisor’s bottom-line mentality provides significant social cues for the team that securing bottom-line objectives is of sole importance, which stimulates team performance avoidance goal orientation, and thus decreases team performance. Further, we argue performing tension (i.e. tension between contradictory needs, demands, and goals), serving as team members’ mutual perception of the confusing environment, will strengthen the indirect negative relationship between supervisor bottom-line mentality and team performance through team performance avoidance goal orientation. We conduct a path analysis using data from 258 teams in a Chinese food-chain company, which provides support for our hypotheses. Overall, our findings suggest that supervisor’s exclusive focus on the bottom-line can serve to impede team performance. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Concussion in National Football League Athletes Is Not Associated With Increased Risk of Acute, Noncontact Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596712110034
Author(s):  
Toufic R. Jildeh ◽  
Fabien Meta ◽  
Jacob Young ◽  
Brendan Page ◽  
Kelechi R. Okoroha
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
And Control

Background: Impaired neuromuscular function after concussion has recently been linked to increased risk of lower extremity injuries in athletes. Purpose: To determine if National Football League (NFL) athletes have an increased risk of sustaining an acute, noncontact lower extremity injury in the 90-day period after return to play (RTP) and whether on-field performance differs pre- and postconcussion. Study Design: Cohort study, Level of evidence, 3. Methods: NFL concussions in offensive players from the 2012-2013 to the 2016-2017 seasons were studied. Age, position, injury location/type, RTP, and athlete factors were noted. A 90-day RTP postconcussive period was analyzed for lower extremity injuries. Concussion and injury data were obtained from publicly available sources. Nonconcussed, offensive skill position NFL athletes from the same period were used as a control cohort, with the 2014 season as the reference season. Power rating performance metrics were calculated for ±1, ±2, and ±3 seasons pre- and postconcussion. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine associations between concussion and lower extremity injury as well as the relationship of concussions to on-field performance. Results: In total, 116 concussions were recorded in 108 NFL athletes during the study period. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of an acute, noncontact lower extremity injury between concussed and control athletes (8.5% vs 12.8%; P = .143), which correlates with an odds ratio of 0.573 (95% CI, 0.270-1.217). Days (66.4 ± 81.9 days vs 45.1 ± 69.2 days; P = .423) and games missed (3.67 ± 3.0 vs 2.9 ± 2.7 games; P = .470) were similar in concussed athletes and control athletes after a lower extremity injury. No significant changes in power ratings were noted in concussed athletes in the acute period (±1 season to injury) when comparing pre- and postconcussion. Conclusion: Concussed, NFL offensive athletes did not demonstrate increased odds of acute, noncontact, lower extremity injury in a 90-day RTP period when compared with nonconcussed controls. Immediate on-field performance of skill position players did not appear to be affected by concussion.

Effects of Media Compensation on Team Performance: The Role of Demographic Faultlines

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Straube ◽  
Annika L. Meinecke ◽  
Kurt Schneider ◽  
Simone Kauffeld
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Behavior ◽  
Engineering Teams ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Performance Research

Modern-day communication in teams is characterized by a frequent and flexible use of various communication technologies. To understand the relationship between this new way of communication and team performance, research suggests incorporating contextual factors. In this study, we explore the role of demographic faultlines and subsequent subgroup formation using data from 164 students nested in 34 software engineering teams working together over the course of 14 weeks. Multilevel modeling revealed a three-way interaction between media richness, communication intensity, and demographic faultlines on team performance. Weak faultline teams evaluated their performance more positively when they compensated for low communication intensity by using richer communication channels and vice versa. In contrast, strong faultline teams were less able to adapt their communication behavior to increase performance. We discuss theoretical implications for team communication and diversity research and provide guidelines for improving communication in diverse teams.

Multicultural Sport Psychology’s Consulting Role in the United States Activist–Athlete Movement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. David ◽  
Jesse A. Steinfeldt ◽  
I. S. Keino Miller ◽  
Jacqueline E. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
African Americans ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Social Action ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Broad Term ◽  
Racial Injustice

Multiculturalism is a broad term that encapsulates a number of idealistic constructs related to inclusion, understanding the diverse experiences of others, and creating equitable access to resources and opportunity in our society. Social justice activism is a core tenet of multiculturalism. In order to be optimally effective, multiculturalism needs to be an “action word” rather than a passive construct, one that is inextricably linked to the ability to commit to and engage in an agenda of social justice wherein the inclusive ideals of multiculturalism are actively sought out and fought for. One such domain where the constructs of multiculturalism and social action are playing out in real time is within U.S. sport. U.S. athletes across all ranks (i.e., Olympic, professional, college, and youth sports) are actively engaging in social justice activism by using their platforms to advocate for equality and human rights. A recent display of activism that has garnered worldwide attention was the silent protest of former San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick. During the National Football League (NFL) preseason games of the 2016 season, Kaepernick began kneeling during the playing of the U.S. national anthem as a means to protest racial injustice, police brutality, and the killing of African Americans. Since the start of his protest, athletes around the nation and the world have joined the activist–athlete movement, thereby raising awareness of the mistreatment of African Americans within U.S. society. The activist–athlete movement has amassed support and generated momentum, but consulting sport psychology professionals can adopt a more active role to better support athletes, thereby advancing the movement. Consulting sport psychologists can strive to better understand the nature of athlete-activism and aspire to help their athlete clients explore and express their opinions so they can work to effect meaningful societal change, using sport as the vehicle for their message.

Chinese Super League stock prices and team performance

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Mao ◽  
Brian P. Soebbing ◽  
Nicholas M. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Field Team ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Super League

PurposeUtilizing the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), the purpose is to analyze whether the stock prices of the corporation that owns sport teams fluctuate based on team performance in the Chinese Super League (CSL).Design/methodology/approachSeveral CSL teams are publicly owned corporations. As such, the authors look to see if on-field performance impacts the stock price of the firms. Using the news model from previous research, seemingly unrelated regressions are estimated on CSL games from 2014 through 2017.FindingsThe results from the main models indicate some evidence of a statistical relationship between on-field team performance and stock price. Furthermore, the findings for individual teams across markets did not hold consistent across different markets. More specifically, the authors found some instances where successful on-field performance led to a decline in stock prices.Originality/valueThe present study further contributes to the growing literature related to on-field performance and stock prices. Unlike previous research, the use of the CSL as the empirical setting provides the opportunity to use multiple stock markets which provides an opportunity to further examine this relationship. Finally, the study contributes broadly to the literature on professional sports ownership structures around the world.

scholarly journals The Impact of Perceived Subgroup Formation on Transactive Memory Systems and Performance in Distributed Teams

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yide Shen ◽  
Michael J. Gallivan ◽  
Xinlin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Transactive Memory ◽  
Distributed Teams ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Group Members ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

With distributed teams becoming increasingly common in organizations, improving their performance is a critical challenge for both practitioners and researchers. This research examines how group members' perception of subgroup formation affects team performance in fully distributed teams. The authors propose that individual members' perception about the presence of subgroups within the team has a negative effect on team performance, which manifests itself through decreases in a team's transactive memory system (TMS). Using data from 154 members of 41 fully distributed teams (where no group members were colocated), the authors found that members' perceptions of the existence of subgroups impair the team's TMS and its overall performance. They found these effects to be statistically significant. In addition, decreases in a group's TMS partially mediate the effect of perceived subgroup formation on team performance. The authors discuss the implications of their findings for managerial action, as well as for researchers, and they propose directions for future research.

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