scholarly journals Women’s Fertility Autonomy in Urban China: The Role of Couple Dynamics Under the Universal Two-Child Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Qian ◽  
Yongai Jin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Marital Power ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Fertility Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Couple Dynamics ◽  
Relative Resources

Under China’s universal two-child policy, decisions about whether to have a second birth become more dynamic, flexible, and subject to negotiation between the spouses; moreover, how women can maintain their fertility autonomy has far-reaching implications for gender equality. Using valuable, new data from the 2016 Survey of the Fertility Decision-Making Processes in Chinese Families, we examine the relationship between couple dynamics and women’s fertility autonomy in urban China. If women want no more than one child and already have one, intending to have a second birth indicates low fertility autonomy. Couple dynamics are measured by conjugal power structure and spousal pressure on fertility. We find that only if women have less marital power than their husbands, greater fertility pressure from husband is associated with a higher likelihood that women intend to have a second birth. In addition, when investigating the determinants of couple dynamics, we find that women’s marital power depends on their relative resources, whereas fertility pressure from husband persists regardless. The findings suggest that in post-reform urban China, growing gender inequalities in labor markets likely reduce women’s marital power, which in turn negatively affects their fertility autonomy. We urge greater research and policy attention to gender equality issues in the era of the universal two-child policy.

Femicide and Feminicide in Mexico: Patterns and Trends in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 155708512110293
Author(s):  
Sonia M. Frías
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
International Attention

The killing of women in Mexico has attracted both national and international attention. Many of these homicides are regarded as feminicides, which are defined as the misogynistic killing of women for reasons of gender rooted in ideological and structural gender inequalities. This study examines changes and continuities in female homicides and femicides from 2001 to 2017 in indigenous and non-indigenous municipalities. Female homicides have increased at a higher rate than femicides, but the latter has increased at a higher rate in indigenous municipalities than in non-indigenous municipalities. This is associated with an increase in gender equality in a context of conflict and structural discrimination against indigenous peoples. Implications for future research and public interventions are discussed.

Equal pay, equal access

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Global workforces are still impacted by gender inequalities – there remains a gender gap in pay, in access to roles of responsibility and in terms of work-life balance. A challenge facing gender equality in the workplace is an agreed definition – organizations, managers and employees have different social representations of gender equality and place differing levels of importance on different dimensions. This can affect implementation of gender equality policies in the workplace, which rely on the goodwill of individuals to put policy into practice. Organizations need to recognize which dimensions are most important to their workplace in order to successfully implement equality. Originality The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

The gender gap in sport event attendance in Europe: The impact of macro-level gender equality

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Lagaert ◽  
Henk Roose
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Impact

This paper studies the gender gap in sport event attendance – characterized by higher male and lower female participation – using a macro-sociological and cross-national comparative approach. We argue that because gender is produced and justified in the realm of sport, gender gaps in sport event attendance may be more pronounced in some societies than others, depending on the position women and men have in the particular context in which someone ‘does’ his/her gender. So, in addition to individual attributes, one has to consider the societal, macro-level gender equality in order to understand the individual-level gender inequalities in sport event attendance. Using multilevel analyses on Eurobarometer data (2007), we evaluate whether the size of the gender gap in sport event attendance varies across European Union (EU) countries and how this variation relates to societal gender equality, as measured by the Gender Equality Index of the European Institute for Gender Equality. We find higher male than female attendance in all EU countries, but also conclude that higher levels of macro-level gender equality are associated with smaller gender gaps in sport event attendance.

Narrative Identities and the Egalitarian Norm Among Hungarian Elite Couples

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 2107-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadett Csurgó ◽  
Luca Kristóf
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Cultural Elite ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Political Economic

Our article aims to study the attitudes of the elite to family life and gender equality. This is a social group who still experiences significant gender imbalances. We focus on attitudes to family life, which has thus far been underresearched in elite literature. With the help of the analysis of 34 individual interviews with members of the Hungarian political, economic, and cultural elite, we identify and present three types of narrative identities: dominant, deferential, and egalitarian. The main finding from our qualitative content analysis is that egalitarian partnership norms which were discussed in every narrative and gender equality appear in most cases as a norm among the elite. However, there is a narrative tension between this norm and the couples’ actual experiences of their family life. We conclude our article with some comments on how the ideology of egalitarian essentialism strengthens gender inequalities reinforcing the underrepresentation of women in elite positions.

scholarly journals Money, power and inequality among married couples in urban Sarawak

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Lynn Wee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Marital Power ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Women And Girls

In accordance with United Nations’ sustainable development goal in achieving gender equality and to empower all women and girls, this paper investigates gender equality and power in marital relationship. Using Resource Theory of Power as a conceptual framework, this paper examines the distribution of marital power among married couples. More specifically, this paper examines to what extent do married couples use money as a bargaining tool to negotiate for more control in two areas: (1) managing economic resources and (2) household decision making. Forty married couples from urban Sarawak were located and interviewed. Results indicate that apart from money, marital power is affected by more influential factors such as ideologies and religious teachings. Consequently, having more money does not necessarily mean having more control over the decision making as decision making in a marriage is often guided by prescribed gender roles in accordance to one’s ideologies, cultural and religious teachings. Hence, gender equality in the management of economic resources and decision making within a household can only occur when an increase in women’s resources is combined with changes in gender roles and ideologies.

scholarly journals Measurement Invariance of the Sensitive Assessment for Gender Equality (SAGE) Index Across Degree: Findings from two Teacher Education Programmes in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Cristina Miralles-Cardona ◽  
Esther Chiner ◽  
María Cristina Cardona-Moltó​
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Elementary School Student

Western European countries have made impressive gender equality (GE) progress in education during the last few decades. Unfortunately, the implementation of gender mainstreaming (GM) in higher education has not been satisfactory. This paper describes a survey-based research study designed to explore student teachers’ perceptions of training for GE in teacher education (TE) using the Sensitive Assessment for Gender Equality (SAGE) index. The study firstly aims to analyse the factor invariance across degree of the SAGE and secondly tries to describe the status of GM implementation in teacher education programmes from students’ perspectives. Data were collected from 398 student teachers (84% female) aged 21.44, enrolled on two TE programmes from a public higher education institution in the Autonomous Region of Valencia (Spain). Using single and multi-group CFA the study revealed that the proposed three-factor structure of the SAGE fitted well to early childhood and elementary school student teachers’ data, thus suggesting equivalence between its components in both samples. Early childhood students scored significantly higher than elementary school student teachers in their reported perceptions of gender equality training and awareness of gender inequalities. Results will be displayed in terms of identifying institutional and curricular needs for GE education practices as findings reveal a clear demand for change.

Promoting Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in the Tourism Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-174
Author(s):  
Georgia Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Tourism Sector

Gender equality and women empowerment constitute a longstanding topic since the issues have never been fully addressed, although some progress has been made. The tourism sector is one area that seems to have more opportunities for women and, thus, less gender inequalities. However, cases of discrimination are still experienced. Hence, this chapter explores the situation of gender equality and women position in the field of tourism and establish the causes of the problem in the sector. The opportunities for females and avenues of achieving fairness and empowerment are also discussed.

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