scholarly journals The peculiar patterns of age-specific at-risk-of-poverty rates: An analysis of poverty trends in 30 European countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilari Ilmakunnas
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Old Age Poverty ◽  
Working Age Population

The EU’s at-risk-of-poverty threshold is set at 60% of national median disposable equivalent income. Changes in median income therefore shift the at-risk-of-poverty threshold, which is likely to affect at-risk-of-poverty rates for some population subgroups more than for others. However, there is only scarce research on how the choice of poverty threshold affects the overall picture of poverty trends. This study aims to find out whether there are typical patterns related to changes in age-specific at-risk-of-poverty rates. This is done by analysing how the size and direction of changes in at-risk-of-poverty rates vary between age groups. Furthermore, the aim is to establish how changes in age-specific at-risk-of-poverty rates are associated with changes in poverty thresholds, income and employment. The study uses EU-SILC microdata and focuses on the development of poverty rates in 30 European countries in the mid-2010s. The results show that, on average, older age groups have experienced larger changes in at-risk-of-poverty rates than children or the working-age population. The increases or decreases in old-age at-risk-of-poverty rates are typically in an opposite direction to those seen in working-age poverty. Furthermore, different poverty thresholds can give a different picture of poverty trends, especially for the older population. Lastly, increases in the employment rate and income tend to be associated with decreases in child and working-age poverty, but even an opposite pattern can be found for old-age poverty. Overall, the findings imply that especially for short periods of time, caution is warranted when drawing conclusions about changes in old-age at-risk-of-poverty rates.

ASSESSMENT OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF ENTERPRISES OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS OF THE REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Vadimovna Beltikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Digital Ecosystems ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

The article is devoted to the analysis of the involvement of enterprises of the Siberian Federal District in the development of digital ecosystems of the regions. The study is based on the collected database consisting of 404 respondents of various age groups of the working-age population living in the Siberian Federal District. The survey was conducted for 2 months from March 2021 to May 2021. This study helped to determine the capabilities of ordinary employees in improving the digital ecosystems of enterprises, as well as to identify the expectations and fears of respondents from the development of digital ecosystems in the regions.

scholarly journals Ageing Of The Workforce: Effects On The Labour Market With Participation And Retirement

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram SriRamaratnam ◽  
Julian Williams ◽  
Xintao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Job Openings ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

Ageing of the work force in New Zealand is an important determinant of labour market dynamics. In addition to the median age and the proportion of workers in retirement age, the nature of occupations and health and financial security are also important determinants of participation and retirement.The baby boom generation has approached their retirement years and the age structure of the working age population has also significantly altered. Consequently, the retirement of older workers is expected to make-up an important source of new job openings over the coming decades.Estimating and forecasting likely future retirement rates by occupational groups is of considerable interest, and provides further insights into labour market dynamics.In this study, recent historical retirement rates for broad (3-digit) ANZSCO occupational groups were derived using an internationally accepted methodology known as the cohort component method, adapted to allow for some participation by older age groups. Occupational employment data by age extracted from the recently released 2013 Census was analysed along with the corresponding data from the 2006 Census to estimate the average retirement rates over the 2006-13 period. These rates are then used to project future retirement rates over the 2013-20 period for the same broad occupational groups. Projections were based on the Working Age Population projections for age groups and their associated participation rates.

scholarly journals Why the share of small amount pensions is so substantial in Latvia?

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
O. Rajevska ◽  
F. Rajevska
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Tax Exempt ◽  
Notional Defined Contribution ◽  
Old Age Pensions

More than 70% of all old-age pensions in Latvia are smaller than 300 euro, which is close to the monetary value of the at-risk-of-poverty threshold. There is a number of reasons for it: the lack of non-contributory component and inadequately low minimum pensions, the absence of redistribution mechanisms in the mandatory notional defined contribution (pillar I) and funded (pillar II) schemes, an unfair conversion of pre-reform employment record into pension formula, and a high tax burden on pensioners. The authors proposed a package of measures to improve the situation: an introduction of basis pensions, linking minimum pensions to the country average wages, increasing income tax exempt for pensions, restoration of the supplements for pre-reform employment and their regular indexation, removal of the threshold in initial notional pension capital calculation or its reduction from 30 to 20 years.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Mortality from Infectious Diseases in the Russian Federation and Some European Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Polibin ◽  
A. Ya. Mindlina ◽  
A. A. Gerasimov ◽  
N. I. Briko
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Russian Federation

The purpose. To conduct comparative evaluation of mortality from infectious diseases and medical care quality in Russia and some European countries in different age groups. Materials and methods. Selection of mortality data was performed from various Russian and foreign databases. Ranking of countries according to mortality rates was done with a quartiles calculation method. For evaluating the adherence to preventive measures surveys of different population groups, to assess adherence to the principles of clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine was conducted a continuous survey of doctors, one branch of the municipal polyclinic of Moscow. The results and discussion. It is shown that the situation in the Russian Federation as a whole can be assessed as disadvantaged in mortality from infectious diseases in all age groups. Conclusions. A reduction in mortality among children as well as working-age population requires a comprehensive approach that should include both of improvement of quality of care and the formation of commitment to preventive measures.

scholarly journals What Does It Mean to Live on the Poverty Threshold? Lessons From Reference Budgets

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Goedemé ◽  
Tess Penne ◽  
Tine Hufkens ◽  
Alexandros Karakitsios ◽  
Anikó Bernát ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Reference Budgets

This chapter makes use of the first effort to construct cross-country comparable reference budgets in Europe to show what the large cross-national differences in living standards imply in practice for the adequacy of incomes at the level of the at-risk-of-poverty threshold. The budgets show that, in the poorest EU Member States, even adequate food and housing are barely affordable at the level of the threshold, whereas a decent living standard is much more in reach for those living on the threshold in the richer EU Member States. The reference budgets also suggest that the poverty risk of some groups (for instance, children) is underestimated relative to that of other age groups, while the poverty risk of homeowners is probably relatively overestimated.

Current state of mortality of the working-age population in Russia and Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 756-759
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yu. Gorchakova ◽  
Anastasiya N. Churanova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Current State ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
State Programs ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. Issues of preserving the health and saving of the Russian population are important in the development of state programs. One of the main sources of population growth, as well as the preservation of the labor potential of our country, is the reduction of the death rate of the working - age population. The aim of the study was to analyze the mortality of the population in the age groups 15-59 years and 15-64 years for men and 15-54 years and 15-59 years for women in Russia in comparison with the countries of the European Union (EU-28). Materials and methods. Mortality was studied based on data from Rosstat and the WHO Mortality Database and the Human Mortality Database. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated for Russia in 2018 and the EU-28 countries in 2017 (European standard, revised 2013). Results. Comparative analysis of the standardized mortality rates of the population 15 to 59 years and 15-64 years for men and 15-54 years of age and 15-59 years of age showed a significant gap between Russia and the EU-28. Differences in mortality among men in comparison with the EU-28 in the age group of 15-59 years was 3.1 times, and in the age group 15-64 years - by 2.8 times. In women aged 15-54 years, the excess was 2.5 times, and in those aged 15-59 years - 2.2 times. Conclusions. Thus, the analysis of modern data on the mortality of the male (aged 15-59 and 15-64 years) and female (aged 15-54 and 15-59 years) populations indicated that negative trends persist in Russia's lagging behind the European Union countries.

scholarly journals Public Pension Generosity and Old-Age Poverty in OECD countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
KATI KUITTO ◽  
JOAN E. MADIA ◽  
FEDERICO PODESTÀ
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Public Pension ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Old Age Poverty ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Pension adequacy is gaining importance as old-age poverty remains a pressing problem. In many advanced welfare states, the population is ageing rapidly and recent pension reforms have led to cuts in public pension provision. There are, however, few comparative longitudinal studies on the relationship between pension generosity and old-age poverty. This study provides a comparative empirical assessment of how the prevalence and depth of old-age poverty relates to generosity of public pension benefits in 14 advanced OECD welfare states from 1980-2010. We focus on the role of mandatory public pension provision of mainly first tier schemes that grant the major share of retirees’ income in most countries. We use data on theoretical pension replacement rates for retirees who had different working-age incomes. In order to address endogeneity issues, we adopt an instrumental-variable approach. Our main finding shows that pensions systems and earnings-related schemes, in particular, are quite efficient in reducing the risk of old-age poverty. Yet they still do very little to alleviate poverty among those pensioners in the most disadvantaged situations. We also found that redistribution within the pension system does not substantially contribute to poverty alleviation.

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