scholarly journals Crossing Boundaries: "Some College" and the Role of Schools in Educational Assortative Mating

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McClendon
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees ◽  
Educational Assortative Mating ◽  
Using Data

As more Americans delay marriage and meet romantic partners online, schoolsmay be becoming less important for educational assortative mating. However,although fewer people meet their spouse as students, social ties formedduring college may continue to shape partner choice later in adulthood.Here I focus on young adults with “some college, no degree” to see what, ifany, marriage-market benefit is gained from exposure to highly-educatedsocial networks in college. Using data from NLSY-1997, including newlycollected postsecondary transcripts, I find young adults with “somecollege” are more likely than their less educated peers to marry a collegegraduate, especially if they attended a 4-year school. But young adultswith bachelor’s degrees still hold an advantage, even after controlling forduration of schooling. The results support the role of schools in shapingopportunities to meet partners but highlight the value of a college degreeon the marriage market.

scholarly journals BEATING BROKE BY GETTING OUT? EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONAL DEBT AND COMMUNITY-OUTMIGRATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-47
Author(s):  
Alyssa Gerhardt ◽  
Karen Foster
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Migration Decisions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Peripheral Regions

Scholarship on young people’s geographical mobilities tells us that young adults move away from their childhood communities for a complex mix of economic “push-pull” reasons, including relationships, aspirations, attachments to place, identity, and belonging. In this abundant research, particularly that which focuses on youth outmigration from rural and peripheral communities, there is surprisingly little attention paid to an issue that is top-of-mind for many young adults today: personal debt. In this paper, we draw insights from extant literature on youth mobilities to make the case for a greater examination of the role of personal debt in young people’s migration decisions. We hypothesize that youth and debt increase a person’s likelihood of moving away from peripheral regions. We test this hypothesis using data from a 2019 survey of Atlantic Canadians and find some support for it, and some interesting nuance, suggesting that there is good reason to examine debt’s role in youth mobilities in greater detail.

Testing Social Science Network Theories with Online Network Data: An Evaluation of External Validity

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES BISBEE ◽  
JENNIFER M. LARSON
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
Network Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Online Sources

To answer questions about the origins and outcomes of collective action, political scientists increasingly turn to datasets with social network information culled from online sources. However, a fundamental question of external validity remains untested: are the relationships measured between a person and her online peers informative of the kind of offline, “real-world” relationships to which network theories typically speak? This article offers the first direct comparison of the nature and consequences of online and offline social ties, using data collected via a novel network elicitation technique in an experimental setting. We document strong, robust similarity between online and offline relationships. This parity is not driven by sharedidentityof online and offline ties, but a shared nature of relationships in both domains. Our results affirm that online social tie data offer great promise for testing long-standing theories in the social sciences about the role of social networks.

scholarly journals Coping Mechanisms and Resilience in Later Life: The Role of Family and Friendship Ties in Diverse Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 579-579
Author(s):  
Feinian Chen ◽  
Rashmi Gupta ◽  
Zhenmei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Using Data

Abstract The papers in this symposium explore different aspects of social ties and how they act as critical coping mechanisms in the face of negative circumstances in later life. Using data from diverse settings, including China, Singapore, and the U.S., these papers underscore the importance of strong family and friendship ties, as they offer older adults with strong protection against social isolation and adverse health outcomes. Gupta and Pilai explore the similarity and differences in coping strategies/resilience among a diverse group of 30 U.S. older adults. Results point to the saliency of support from friends, regardless of race/ethnicity. Visaria addresses the relationship between the expression of loneliness and objective measures of social networks among older adults in Singapore. The findings shed light on how meaningful companionship and desired social connection offer powerful buffers against isolation in later life. Ruan and Chen explore which types of social ties offer the strongest protection when Chinese older adults are coping with the aftermath of negative life events. Findings point to the need to look beyond filial obligations and to consider the interplay among various forms of social support, including family, friends and the broader community. Zhang et al. examine the role of family and friendship ties in a rural Chinese community where many older adults were left behind by migrant children. The results suggest that those who are isolated from friends experience more depressive symptoms while those with close-knit friendship ties are the most resilient.

scholarly journals The association between social ties and depression among Asian and Pacific Islander undocumented young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Ro ◽  
Michelle Kao Nakphong ◽  
Hye Young Choi ◽  
Alex Nguyen ◽  
May Sudhinaraset
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Pacific Islander ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Asian And Pacific Islander ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Bonding And Bridging ◽  
Bridging Ties

Abstract Background The mental health of Asian and Pacific Islander (API) undocumented young adults has been understudied, despite an increasingly restrictive immigration climate that would ostensibly raise mental health risks. This study examined the role of social ties and depression among API undocumented young adults. We distinguished between two types of social ties, bonding and bridging, and additionally considered the absence of ties (e.g. isolation). Methods We used primary data collected among 143 API undocumented young adults. We first identified correlates for each type of social tie and then examined the association for each measure with depression. Results Higher levels of bonding and bridging ties were associated with lower odds of a positive depression screen. In contrast, isolation was associated with higher odds of a positive depression screen. There were no significant associations between total social ties and depression. Conclusions Our findings suggest that both bonding and bridging ties are important factors in the mental health of API undocumented young adults. Factors that facilitate these types of ties, such as DACA, can be effective interventions for improving mental health among this population.

scholarly journals Partner choice and parameter estimates: modelling the effect of preferences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Halpin
Keyword(s):  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Loglinear Models ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
Educational Assortative Mating ◽  
Segregation Simulation ◽  
The Relationship

Agent-based simulations of marriage processes are used to investigate whetherloglinear models of tables of spouse pairs properly capture evidence of the preferences behind assortative mating. Can we tell what sort of mechanisms bring about the patterns we see? Is there a female hypergamy preference and do loglinear models capture it? Four different ideal-typical simulations of spouse choice processes are presented: homophily, competition, social segregation, time segregation. All produce "realistic" patterns of educational assortative mating. Imposing a simulated female hypergamy preference yields more asymmetric outcomes, directly detected in loglinear models. But the relationship between the size of the hypergamy estimate and the strength of the hypergamy differs according to the pairing mechanism. Notably, for homophily the estimate is lower, and for time-segregation higher. Indeed, for zero simulated hypergamy, the homophily simulation shows negative, and the time-segregation simulation positive, hypergamy. This is shown to be due to the dynamic nature of the simulations: as individuals pair off the distribution of single individuals changes. For homophily perfectly symmetric choices at each iteration sum into a table of spouse pairs in which loglinear models detect hypogamy. Conclusions: these biases are small, and depend on very large simulation populations. They are less likely to be detectable in typical survey data. However, we demonstrate a clear mechanism by which loglinear models of tables of spouse pairs can be biased. This suggests that if longitudinal data is available, a time dimension should be included in the loglinear models. Otherwise, this is another argument for preferring tables of recent marriages.

scholarly journals The Role of Cognitive Abilities in Assortative Mating: Partner Preferences of Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-188
Author(s):  
Markéta Šetinová ◽  
Jana Klímová Chaloupková
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Mating Partner ◽  
Partner Preferences

scholarly journals Revisiting Horizontal Stratification in Higher Education: College Prestige Hierarchy and Educational Assortative Mating in China

Demography ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acton Jiashi Feng
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Chinese Higher Education ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Educational Assortative Mating ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Multiplicative Models

Abstract Existing research on assortative mating has examined marriage between people with different levels of education, yet heterogeneity in educational assortative mating outcomes of college graduates has been mostly ignored. Using data from the 2010 Chinese Family Panel Study and log-multiplicative models, this study examines the changing structure and association of husbands' and wives' educational attainment between 1980 and 2010, a period in which Chinese higher education experienced rapid expansion and stratification. Results show that the graduates of first-tier institutions are less likely than graduates of lower-ranked colleges to marry someone without a college degree. Moreover, from 1980 to 2010, female first-tier-college graduates were increasingly more likely to marry people who graduated from similarly prestigious colleges, although there is insufficient evidence to draw the same conclusion about their male counterparts. This study thus demonstrates the extent of heterogeneity in educational assortative mating patterns among college graduates and the tendency for elite college graduates to marry within the educational elite.

Work Values and the Value of Work: Different Implications for Young Adults’ Self-Employment in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 682 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lukeš ◽  
Manuel Feldmann ◽  
Federico Vegetti
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Work Values ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Using Data

In this study, we ask how work values impact different forms of labor market participation of young adults across Europe. We define work values as individuals’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to work and the value of work as the importance or centrality of work in individuals’ lives. We use data gathered from young adults in eleven European countries in the CUPESSE project to investigate the role of the two sets of values regarding employment and self-employment. We then replicate our analysis on a larger sample using data from the European Social Survey (ESS). Our findings suggest a high importance of nonpecuniary benefits for self-employment. Analyses based on both CUPESSE and ESS datasets clearly showed the high, positive impact that independence and creativity have on self-employment. We also show that extrinsic values, such as job security, are more important for employees than they are for the self-employed. Additionally, we find that the value of work in life does not differ between the employed and the self-employed. In sum, these findings suggest that values related to self-employment are not rooted in a general value of work, as Max Weber postulated in his Protestant Work Ethic nearly one hundred years ago, as much as in the aim to achieve personal satisfaction.

Social context and the real-world consequences of social anxiety

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyoen Hur ◽  
Kathryn A. DeYoung ◽  
Samiha Islam ◽  
Allegra S. Anderson ◽  
Matthew Barstead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Real World ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Social anxiety lies on a continuum, and young adults with elevated symptoms are at risk for developing a range of debilitating psychiatric disorders. Yet, relatively little is known about the factors that govern the hour-by-hour experience and expression of social anxiety in daily life. Here, we used smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to intensively sample emotional experience across different social contexts in the daily lives of 228 young adults selectively recruited to represent a broad spectrum of social anxiety symptoms. Leveraging data from over 11,000 real-world assessments, results highlight the central role of close friends, family members, and romantic partners. The presence of close companions is associated with enhanced mood, yet socially anxious individuals have smaller confidant networks and spend less time with their close companions. Although higher levels of social anxiety are associated with a general worsening of mood, socially anxious individuals appear to derive larger benefits—lower levels of negative affect, anxiety, and depression—from the presence of their closest companions. In contrast, variation in social anxiety was unrelated to the amount of time spent with strangers, co-workers, and acquaintances; and we uncovered no evidence of emotional hypersensitivity to less-familiar individuals. Collectively, these findings provide a framework for understanding the deleterious consequences of social anxiety in emerging adulthood and set the stage for developing improved intervention strategies.

Educational assortative mating, gender equality, and income differentiation across Europe: A simulation study

2019 ◽  
pp. 000169931987792
Author(s):  
Mieke CW Eeckhaut ◽  
Maria A Stanfors
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Educational Homogamy ◽  
Educational Assortative Mating ◽  
Welfare State Regimes

Demographic explanations for the rise in household income inequality include increased educational assortative mating and changes in the division of paid labour within families. Building on this research, the current study focuses on the connected nature of these two inequality-producing mechanisms, while at the same time bridging the divide with the economic literature on the role of income differentiation. Drawing on the 2004–2008 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, we consider variation across Europe in the disequalising effect of educational assortative mating and relate these patterns to the general characteristics of welfare state regimes, focusing on the degree of gender equality and income differentiation. First, we document large educational differentials in men’s and women’s income in Eastern Europe, and smaller differentials in Anglo-Saxon, Continental and, especially, Northern Europe. Next, we find that this variation in gender equality and income differentiation parallels variation in the potential contribution of educational assortative mating to educational differentiation in household income. While all countries display larger educational differentials in household income under the scenario of 100% educational homogamy, the biggest differences are found in Eastern Europe, and the smallest differences in the Nordic countries. These results suggest that educational assortative mating is less disequalising in countries with more gender equality and support for equal opportunities.

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