scholarly journals Validity of energy social research during and after COVID-19: challenges, considerations, and responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael James Fell ◽  
Laura Pagel ◽  
Chien-fei Chen ◽  
Matthew H. Goldberg ◽  
Mario Herberz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Domain ◽  
To Come ◽  
Internal And External Validity

Measures to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are having unprecedented impacts on people’s lives around the world. In this paper, we argue that those conducting social research in the energy domain should give special consideration to the internal and external validity of their work conducted during this pandemic period. We set out a number of principles that researchers can consider to give themselves and research users greater confidence that findings and recommendations will still be applicable in years to come. Largely grounded in existing good practice guidance, our recommendations include collecting and reporting additional supporting contextual data, reviewing aspects of research design for vulnerability to validity challenges, and building in longitudinal elements where feasible. We suggest that these approaches also bring a number of opportunities to generate new insights. However, we caution that a more systemic challenge to validity of knowledge produced during this period may result from changes in the kinds of social research that it is practicable to pursue.

scholarly journals Editorial 29(6)

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barney Dalgarno ◽  
Sue Bennett ◽  
Gregor Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Learning Design ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Research In Education ◽  
The Right ◽  
Internal And External Validity

<p>We are pleased to present a new issue of AJET and in the editorial we would like to discuss some of the challenges involved in undertaking and reporting on experimental research in education and in educational technology specifically. The first challenge relates to the need to find the right balance between internal and external validity in the research design, while the second relates to the need for clarity about the likely causes of learning effects: technology or learning design.</p>

8. Experimental Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Halperin ◽  
Oliver Heath
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
The Common ◽  
Internal And External Validity

This chapter explores the principles of experimental research design as well as the issues and problems associated with different aspects of the approach. In particular, it considers the issue of internal and external validity, the common obstacles associated with experimental research, and what can be done to try and avoid or minimize them. The chapter first describes the five steps involved in the classic version of the experimental design before discussing three types of experimental design: laboratory experiments, field experiments, and natural experiments. It also examines the ethical issues that arise from experimental research and concludes by highlighting some of the advantages of experimental research.

The Context and Culture of the Web Research Environment

2006 ◽  
pp. 10-27
Author(s):  
Paula B. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
The World ◽  
Applied Social Research ◽  
Web Research ◽  
Multiple Stages ◽  
The Web

The World Wide Web provides a unique and idiosyncratic environment for applied social research. Examining the context and culture of this environment can better inform research design. This chapter explores attributes of the Web that influence the administration and outcomes of survey research, examines the dual phenomena of self-selection and nonresponse that frequently encumber the implementation of self-administered surveys on the Web, reviews sample loss as it occurs during the multiple stages of survey response, and identifies elements of the research design that can mitigate the effect of this medium—its context and culture—on survey outcomes.

8. Experimental Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-230
Author(s):  
Sandra Halperin ◽  
Oliver Heath
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
The Common ◽  
Internal And External Validity

This chapter explores the principles of experimental research design as well as the issues and problems associated with different aspects of the approach. In particular, it considers the issue of internal and external validity, the common obstacles associated with experimental research, and what can be done to try and avoid or minimize them. The chapter first describes the five steps involved in the classic version of the experimental design before discussing three types of experimental design: laboratory experiments, field experiments, and natural experiments. It also examines the ethical issues that arise from experimental research and concludes by highlighting some of the advantages of experimental research.

scholarly journals Measuring Electoral Integrity around the World: A New Dataset

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 789-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pippa Norris ◽  
Richard W. Frank ◽  
Ferran Martínez i Coma
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Point Index ◽  
Electoral Cycle ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
New Evidence

ABSTRACTMany contentious elections end in disputes about alleged fraud, irregularities, and malpractices. How do we know when these claims are valid and when they are false complaints from sore losers? This article describes a new dataset developed by the Electoral Integrity Project. Based on a survey of election experts, the research provides new evidence to compare how national contests around the world are meeting international standards of electoral integrity. The questionnaire includes 49 key indicators clustered into 11 stages of the electoral cycle, as well as generating an overall summary Perception of Electoral Integrity (PEI) 100-point index. The evidence displays high levels of external validity, internal validity, and legitimacy. The PEI datasets allow researchers to gauge the perceived quality of elections worldwide. This study summarizes the PEI’s research design, compares the quality of elections around the globe, and illustrates how electoral integrity is linked with both democracy and development.

The German Post-Critical Belief Scale: Internal and External Validity

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Duriez ◽  
Claudia Appel ◽  
Dirk Hutsebaut
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Present Article ◽  
External Validity ◽  
German Version ◽  
Dutch Version ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Internal And External Validity

Abstract: Recently, Duriez, Fontaine and Hutsebaut (2000) and Fontaine, Duriez, Luyten and Hutsebaut (2003) constructed the Post-Critical Belief Scale in order to measure the two religiosity dimensions along which Wulff (1991 , 1997 ) summarized the various possible approaches to religion: Exclusion vs. Inclusion of Transcendence and Literal vs. Symbolic. In the present article, the German version of this scale is presented. Results obtained in a heterogeneous German sample (N = 216) suggest that the internal structure of the German version fits the internal structure of the original Dutch version. Moreover, the observed relation between the Literal vs. Symbolic dimension and racism, which was in line with previous studies ( Duriez, in press ), supports the external validity of the German version.

The Book of Tribulations: The Syrian Muslim Apocalyptic Tradition'

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cook ◽  
Nu'aym b. Hammad al-Marwazi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
To Come

“The Book of Tribulations by Nu`aym b. Hammad al-Marwazi (d. 844) is the earliest Muslim apocalyptic work to come down to us. Its contents focus upon the cataclysmic events to happen before the end of the world, the wars against the Byzantines, and the Turks, and the Muslim civil wars. There is extensive material about the Mahdi (messianic figure), the Muslim Antichrist and the return of Jesus, as well as descriptions of Gog and Magog. Much of the material in Nu`aym today is utilized by Salafi-jihadi groups fighting in Syria and Iraq.

LINGUACULTURAL ASPECT OF TEMPORAL NOMINATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (30) ◽  
pp. 200-213
Author(s):  
Anna Shapoval
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Information Resource ◽  
Basic System ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Lunar Calendar ◽  
Temporal System ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come

Analysis of linguocultural aspect of temporal nominations is impossible without involving the problems of hrononymic lexics. Chrononyms is an important information resource of a certain linguaculture, some distinctive peculiarities of conceptual picture of the world. The aim of the experimental analysis is a complex examination of the linguacultural aspect of temporal nominations that function in Chinese and Turkish languages reflecting the concepts of the world. The research was based on the material of the novels “Imperial woman” by Pearl Buck and “Roxolana” by Pavlo Zagrebelniy. The analysis of recent scientific publications allowed us to come to the conclusion that the investigation of hrononymic lexics can involve different theoretical and practical principles. Being guided by the existing classifications of chrononyms (N. Podolskaya, M. Torchinsky, S. Remmer) the linguocultural features of the following types of temporal chrononymic lexical units were identified and studied in the research: georthonyms, dynastic chrononyms, tumultonyms, parsonyms and mensonyms. The results of the research demonstrate that not all lexical units of temporal denotation chosen from the above mentioned novels refer to the class of chrononyms. The group under investigation includes the following lexemes: nominations of the lunar calendar, nominations of the solar calendar, nominations of mixed calendar and temporal slots denoting day and night. The basic system of chronology in the linguiacultures under analysis is the dominance of the lunar calendar nominations (Chinese picture of the world — 51,0 %, Turkish — 40,4 %). In the analyzed works the nominations of the solar calendar are used less often in the Chinese picture of the world; the usage of this unit reaches 20 %, and this phenomenon is historically conditioned. Mixed calendar nominations (21 % of temporal units) are rather common, solar calendar nominations are refined by the monthly calendar; it can be explained by the fact that the Chinese mind is conservative towards the new temporal system. In the Turkish picture of the world 45 % of temporal vocabulary belongs to the solar calendar since in the sixteenth century only a lunar calendar operated in the Ottoman Empire. It should be mentioned that significant place in the temporal vocabulary of “Roxolana” is conditioned by the influence of the linguistic personality of the author, who was a Ukrainian.

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