scholarly journals Do disasters trigger protests? A conceptual view and review of the connection between disasters, injustice, and protests – the case of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Vestergren ◽  
Mete Sefa Uysal ◽  
Selin Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Perceived Injustice ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Potential Impact

People around the globe were and are affected by the highly contagious virus SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus, COVID-19) far beyond the virus itself. Despite the high viral transmission, people did not stop acting collectively. Sometimes these collective actions were against government regulations to health and safety (e.g., anti-lockdown), or to deal with systemic injustice and inequality affecting specific groups (e.g., Black Lives Matter). In this conceptual paper, we discuss the relation between protests and disasters. More specifically we discuss the crucial element of perceived social injustice and inequality for protest to emerge during or in the aftermath of disasters. We review literature related to disasters and protests before moving on to the COVID-19 pandemic to discuss how the context of COVID-19 can have influenced protests as well as protests’ potential impact on viral transmission. We demonstrate that protests during or in the aftermath of disasters are not uncommon. Furthermore, we suggest a direct link between emergent or increased perceived injustice and inequality and protests during/after disasters.

Alcohol Advertising in the African-American Community

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina M. Scott ◽  
Robert W. Denniston ◽  
Kathryn M. Magruder
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
African American Community ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
American Society ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Beverage alcohol is the most widely used, enjoyed, and abused addictive substance in the United States. Alcohol related problems — which range from alcoholism, cirrhosis, trauma, and criminal behavior to birth defects, cancer, and other long-term health problems — result in an estimated 100,000 deaths and cost the American society more than $135 billion each year. Alcohol abuse is the leading health and safety problem in the African-American community, making its health and social consequences especially severe. Given this backdrop, there are compelling reasons to be concerned when alcohol producers target African Americans with special advertising and promotions. It is important to examine the marketing and advertising practices of alcohol producers as they relate to African-American communities and their potential impact on alcohol-related behaviors.

The Impact of Home and Community Based Settings (HCBS) Final Settings Rule Outcomes on Health and Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-498
Author(s):  
Carli Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Emergency Room Visits ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Based Services

Abstract Despite physically relocating into the community, many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) fail to be meaningfully included in the community. The Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) Settings Rule was introduced to expand community integration, person-centered services, and choice. The aim of this exploratory study is to examine the potential impact of HCBS Settings Rule implementation, specifically by examining how the presence of HCBS Settings Rule outcomes impact three areas of health and safety. We analyzed secondary Personal Outcome Measures data relating to the HCBS Settings Rule, and emergency room visits, abuse and neglect, and injuries data from 251 people with IDD. Findings indicate a clear need to improve HCBS Settings Rule related areas of people's lives.

International and Global Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 439-462
Author(s):  
Barry S. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Social injustice leads to profoundly increased rates of illness and premature death in low- and middle-income countries related to inadequate public health services and medical care, internal factors such as extreme poverty and unaccountable governments, and external factors such as debt, structural adjustment policies, and trade barriers. This chapter describes the impact of social injustice on public health in low- and middle-income countries, including issues related to endemic and epidemic diseases and health risks associated with poverty, living conditions, occupational health and safety, and violence. It discusses what needs to be done, including promoting approaches that focus on poor people, promoting and protecting human rights, improving healthcare systems, improving education and health literacy, increasing foreign assistance, reducing the import of hazards into these countries, preventing violence, promoting representative government, changing international economic policies, and promoting sustainable development. Text boxes address trafficking in persons, hunger and malnutrition, and the import of hazardous substances from high-income countries to low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Doing research in peoples’ homes: fieldwork, ethics and safety – on the practical challenges of researching and representing life on the margins

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 638-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Drug Dependency ◽  
Research Context ◽  
Vulnerable People ◽  
Housing Research ◽  
Potential Impact

Drawing on the author’s experiences and reflections of researching vulnerable people for a housing research project, this article explores the ethical dilemmas, and the health and safety challenges, of conducting in-depth, qualitative interviews with ‘vulnerable’ research participants in their own homes. Vulnerability, in a housing research context, takes account of: living in poverty; insecure housing/employment situations; poor health and/or mental ill health; alcohol and /or drug dependency, etc. Diary notes are used to illustrate the challenging situations that can unfold when working alone in the field in disadvantaged areas, with vulnerable people, which can present physical and emotional risk. Concern with risk and the potential impact on individuals is two-fold: that on the participant; and that on the researcher. Through reflexivity and revisiting of experiences in the field, this paper explains the difficulties and negotiations, and it provides some suggestions for better research practice.

scholarly journals PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL DAN PENDAPATAN OPERASIONAL (BOPO) TERHADAP STABILITAS KEUANGAN BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2012-2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Lucky Nugroho ◽  
Herda Nezzim Bararah
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to determine the impact or influence of good corporate governance and efficiency, which in this case the proxy by the ratio of operational costs and operating income to the financial stability of sharia commercial banks. The method in this research is a literature review or conceptual paper. Based on the results and review literature, it is known that the financial stability of sharia banks is a significant factor in maintaining reputation. Good corporate governance, operational costs, and operating income (BOPO) are factors that can support the financial stability of sharia commercial banks and in this study measured by Z-score. Therefore, financial stability in sharia banks should be the focus of the management of sharia commercial banks

scholarly journals Analisis Implementasi Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Instalasi Radiologi Rumah Sakit X Kota Semarang

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Akbar Kurniawan ◽  
Hanifa Maher Deny ◽  
Nico L Kana
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Hospital Services ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Improve Hospital ◽  
Physical Hazard

Occupational health and safety is one of the efforts to improve hospital services, especially in terms of health and safety for human resources of hospital, patient, visitors, and the surrounding comunity. One the hazards sources associated with K3RS in the radiation hazard that is part of the physical hazard. The radiology installation of RS X uses ionizing radiation in its services process. The purpose in this researchis to analyze the implementation of safety and health of radiology installation. Design of observational research  with qualitative approach. Population research all human resources radiology installation unit (two people). K3RS (one Person), informant triangulation medical services manager (one person). Data were collected by in depth interview and observation techniques. The results of the identification indicate the limitations of human resources training, facilities and infrastructure, budget realization and coordination. Implementation based on government regulations has been implemented, both from the number and standard of human resources education, as well as fascilities and infrastructure such as lead protection, calibration and completeness of personal protective equipment.  Some things that have been set at the beginning of plannning can not be realized, such as budgets and coordination commitments. It is advisable to increase human resources training, prioritize budgets that have been included in the initial plan, complement of incomplete facilities and infrastucture, increase the realization of the established coordination commitments

scholarly journals Pain and Opioid Use in Cancer Survivors: A Practical Guide to Account for Perceived Injustice

2021 ◽  
pp. 309-317
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Treatment Manual ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Perceived Injustice ◽  
Neuroscience Education ◽  
Potential Impact

BACKGROUND: The presence of pain decreases survival rates in cancer. Pain management in clinical settings is often suboptimal and secondary to other cancer-related treatments, leaving many people undertreated. Opioid use is associated with side effects and decreased survival rate in cancer patients. Hence, there is an urgent need for considering factors such as perceived injustice that sustain post-cancer pain and trigger a behavioral pattern associated with opioid use. Injustice beliefs represent a maladaptive pattern of cognitive appraisal that may be a salient target for improving pain-related coping in these patients. Perceived injustice is associated with increased opioid prescription and prospectively predicted opioid use at 1-year follow-up, urging the need for targeted interventions to diminish perceived injustice. OBJECTIVES: Explain the importance of screening for perceived injustice in patients with pain following cancer treatment, its potential relevance for opioid abuse, and its potential impact on the management of pain following cancer. Also, prove clinicians with a clinical guide for an approach comprising of modified pain neuroscience education, motivational interviewing, and acceptance-based interventions to account for perceived injustice in patients having pain following cancer. STUDY DESIGN: A narrative review, perspective and treatment manual SETTING: Several universities, a university of applied science department, a university hospital, and a private clinic (i.e., transdisciplinary pain treatment center). METHODS: Patients were cancer survivors with pain. Intervention included modified pain neuroscience education, motivational interviewing, and acceptance-based interventions. Measurements were taken through the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ). RESULTS: The IEQ can be used to assess perceived injustice in a valid way. Education about pain, including discussing perceived injustice, should be the first part of the management of pain in cancer survivors. In order to obtain the often-required behavioral change towards a more adaptive lifestyle, motivational interviewing can be used. To thoroughly tackle perceived injustice in patients having pain following cancer, special emphasis should be given to the individual reasons patients identify for experiencing (continued) pain and related symptoms. Pain acceptance should also be thoroughly addressed. LIMITATIONS: Clinical trials exploring the benefits, including cost-effectiveness, of such a multimodal approach in patients with pain following cancer treatment are needed. CONCLUSIONS: In light of its potential relevance for opioid abuse and potential impact on conservative management strategies, clinicians are advised to screen for perceived injustice in patients with pain following cancer treatment. Therapeutic targeting of perceived injustice can be done through an approach comprising of modified pain neuroscience education, motivational interviewing, and acceptance-based interventions. KEY WORDS: Anger, cancer, counselling, education, medication use, motivational interviewing, neuroscience education, opioid, perceived injustice, rehabilitation, survivor

scholarly journals Surveillance for COVID-19 in the English Football League 2019-2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashis Basu ◽  
Richard Higgins ◽  
Aneil Malhotra ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Medical Surveillance ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Isolation Requirements ◽  
Positive Results

Medical surveillance and risk mitigation protocols to reduce viral transmission have underpinned the return of elite football during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes the evidence-informed approach and surveillance findings from the English Football League across a 9-week period at the end of the 2019-20 season. Protocols were devised by the lead EFL Medical Advisor with specialist occupational medicine input. Isolation requirements for cases and contacts were in-line with UK Government regulations, with external contact tracing conducted by local public health authorities. Quantitative PCR testing was conducted twice weekly and within 72 hours of fixtures. 43 individuals, including 18 players returned positive tests. No positive results were returned after week 5 (round 10). Our findings support those from other leagues that with appropriate compliance, elite football can continue safely during this pandemic. We recommend that protocols and compliance should be revised as necessary according to community prevalence and changes in viral transmission dynamics.

scholarly journals APOBEC3A Is Upregulated by Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in the Maternal-Fetal Interface, Acting as an Innate Anti-HCMV Effector

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiska Weisblum ◽  
Esther Oiknine-Djian ◽  
Zichria Zakay-Rones ◽  
Olesya Vorontsov ◽  
Ronit Haimov-Kochman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Hcmv Infection ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Restriction Factor ◽  
Congenital Hcmv Infection ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital infection and is associated with a wide range of neurodevelopmental disabilities and intrauterine growth restriction. Yet our current understanding of the mechanisms modulating transplacental HCMV transmission is poor. The placenta, given its critical function in protecting the fetus, has evolved effective yet largely uncharacterized innate immune barriers against invading pathogens. Here we show that the intrinsic cellular restriction factor apolipoprotein B editing catalytic subunit-like 3A (APOBEC3A [A3A]) is profoundly upregulated following ex vivo HCMV infection in human decidual tissues—constituting the maternal aspect of the placenta. We directly demonstrated that A3A severely restricted HCMV replication upon controlled overexpression in epithelial cells, acting by a cytidine deamination mechanism to introduce hypermutations into the viral genome. Importantly, we further found that A3 editing of HCMV DNA occurs both ex vivo in HCMV-infected decidual organ cultures and in vivo in amniotic fluid samples obtained during natural congenital infection. Our results reveal a previously unexplored role for A3A as an innate anti-HCMV effector, activated by HCMV infection in the maternal-fetal interface. These findings pave the way to new insights into the potential impact of APOBEC proteins on HCMV pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE In view of the grave outcomes associated with congenital HCMV infection, there is an urgent need to better understand the innate mechanisms acting to limit transplacental viral transmission. Toward this goal, our findings reveal the role of the intrinsic cellular restriction factor A3A (which has never before been studied in the context of HCMV infection and vertical viral transmission) as a potent anti-HCMV innate barrier, activated by HCMV infection in the authentic tissues of the maternal-fetal interface. The detection of naturally occurring hypermutations in clinical amniotic fluid samples of congenitally infected fetuses further supports the idea of the occurrence of A3 editing of the viral genome in the setting of congenital HCMV infection. Given the widely differential tissue distribution characteristics and biological functions of the members of the A3 protein family, our findings should pave the way to future studies examining the potential impact of A3A as well as of other A3s on HCMV pathogenesis.

Occupational Health and Safety

2019 ◽  
pp. 387-412
Author(s):  
Linda Rae Murray
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
Workplace Democracy ◽  
Structural Racism

Social injustice in the workplace is demonstrated by health disparities and by disproportionate representation of workers of color in the most hazardous jobs. It is also demonstrated by the lack of workplace democracy. It reflects injustice in other spheres of society. This chapter describes social injustice regarding occupational health and safety in both historical and present-day contexts. It also describes other issues, such as the impact of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), a theoretical framework for health inequities, income disparities in the United States, unemployment and job insecurity, and issues related to gender, race, ethnicity, and class. It then describes social injustice issues related to prison labor, child labor, and immigrant workers. The chapter addresses what needs to be done, including educating workers and communities, addressing structural racism and preventing discrimination, promoting workplace democracy, improving surveillance and research, and reforming OSHA and workers’ compensation. A text box addresses economic globalization: austerity, income inequality, and corporate control.

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