Convergence in the Law of Software Copyright?
Virtually all the courts to consider non-literal infringement of softwarecopyrights have lined up with the “narrow constructionists,” engaging in“analytic dissection” of computer programs in order to determine whetherany copyrightable expression has actually been copied. Most commonly, thisanalytic dissection has taken the form of the“abstraction-filtration-comparison” test set forth in Computer Associatesv. Altai. While there are still a few courts in which the “total conceptand feel” approach remains the law, the approach is moribund: since Altaiwas decided, no court has endorsed the broader “total concept and feel”approach.Rather than ending, the debate over software copyright law appears to beshifting its focus. Having finally resolved the debate that has beenplaguing software copyright law since its inception, courts are discoveringto their chagrin, that deciding what test to apply actually tells you verylittle about how to apply that test. Despite the convergence of courts onAltai's filtration approach, courts remain fundamentally conflicted indeciding how broadly to protect software copyright. Further, there remainsa good deal of misunderstanding about what exactly it means to “abstract”and “filter” a computer program.I suggest a unified approach to evaluating non-literal infringement insoftware copyright cases. This approach focuses on exactly what is allegedto have been copied. It also acknowledges the increasing role of patent lawin protecting computer software, and the role of other copyright concernssuch as compatibility and fair use. The result of this unified approach isto provide relatively narrow copyright protection for computer programs inmost cases of non-literal infringement.