scholarly journals BIAS Word inventory for work and employment diversity, (in)equality and inclusivity (Version 1.0)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Konnikov ◽  
Nicole Denier ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
Karen D. Hughes ◽  
Jabir Alshehabi Al-Ani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Job Advertisements ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Job Postings ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Work And Employment

The language used in job advertisements contains explicit and implicit cues, which signal employers’ preferences for candidates of certain ascribed characteristics, such as gender and ethnicity/race. To capture such biases in language use, existing word inventories have focused predominantly on gender and are based on general perceptions of the ‘masculine’ or ‘feminine’ orientations of specific words and socio-psychological understandings of ‘agentic’ and ‘communal’ traits. Nevertheless, these approaches are limited to gender and they do not consider the specific contexts in which the language is used. To address these limitations, we have developed the first comprehensive word inventory for work and employment diversity, (in)equality, and inclusivity that builds on a number of conceptual and methodological innovations. The BIAS Word Inventory was developed as part of our work in an international, interdisciplinary project – BIAS: Responsible AI for Labour Market Equality – in Canada and the United Kingdom (UK). Conceptually, we rely on a sociological approach that is attuned to various documented causes and correlates of inequalities related to gender, sexuality, ethnicity/race, immigration and family statuses in the labour market context. Methodologically, we rely on ‘expert’ coding of actual job advertisements in Canada and the UK, as well as iterative cycles of inter-rater verification. Our inventory is particularly suited for studying labour market inequalities, as it reflects the language used to describe job postings, and the inventory takes account of cues at various dimensions, including explicit and implicit cues associated with gender, ethnicity, citizenship and immigration statuses, role specifications, equality, equity and inclusivity policies and pledges, work-family policies, and workplace context.

The United Kingdom

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret O’Brien ◽  
Sara Connolly ◽  
Svetlana Speight ◽  
Matthew Aldrich ◽  
Eloise Poole
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Mandate ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Context

This chapter examines contemporary fathering practices in the UK liberal welfare state context, where recent legislation has expanded fathers’ access to work-family reconciliation rights, albeit rather minimally. Data are provided to explore whether the new cultural mandate for active fathers holds for the quantity and the quality of time fathers spend with young children. Time use and employment activity data does show an increase in British fathers’ care time and a reduction in paid work time over the decade. Since 2003 British fathers can take two weeks paid leave after the birth of a child, and by the end of the decade over 90% of fathers took significant post-birth leave. However, British fathers, continue to have one of the longest working weeks and highest level of work–family conflict amongst European fathers. In the absence of stronger work–family reconciliation measures, underlying maternalist and modified breadwinner cultures remain resilient.

scholarly journals Transnational Döner Kebab taking over the UK

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Financial Transfers ◽  
Social Remittances ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
The Uk

People move, finances move, so does the cultures, artefacts, goods and food. Remittances literature expanded significantly in the last two decades to cover more of what we refer to as social remittances. Social remittances refer to often intangible elements, cultural artefacts, habits, opinions, attitudes, beliefs, values transferred by migrants from destination countries to their home countries. Through studies on migrant remittances, we know that even in terms of financial transfers, remittances operate in corridors and in a two-way fashion. One third of remittances are sent to countries which are called “advanced economies”. United Kingdom, Germany, France are among the top remittance receiving countries as well as leading the table of sending countries. In this paper, I explore the ways in which social remittances change the foodscapes of destination countries with particular reference to Döner Kebab in the United Kingdom. Until two decades ago, Döner Kebab was a rare meal you would enjoy when holidaying in Turkey or if you happen to be in that cosy corner of North London. Nevertheless, in 2010s Britain, it became a popular fast food, particularly when it comes to what to eat after a night out. One may find an outlet selling Döner Kebab literally in every city, every town, every neighbourhood, every village in Britain. Multiple forces were in play in the making of Döner Kebab a British national food: 1) practicality of the food itself, 2) growing number of immigrants from Turkey arriving in Britain, 3) labour market disadvantages immigrants face, 4) asylum dispersal policies of the 1990s and 2000s, 5) declining incentives making small shops not viable economically, and 6) increasing number of British tourists visiting Turkey. In this article, a number of hypotheses are proposed for a conceptual model explaining the ways in which foreign food becomes part of the national food/cultural heritage in destination.

Does social investment make the labour market ‘flow’? Family policies and institutional complementarities in Italy, Spain, Japan and South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-166
Author(s):  
Ijin Hong ◽  
Jieun Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Work Family

This chapter investigates whether social investments improve labour market flow by focusing on work–family reconciliation policy and women's labour market participation. It provides an overview on which institutional configurations one should consider to understand how the labour market flows during women's life cycles. The chapter then analyses Italy, Spain, Japan and South Korea and their institutional configurations. By investigating social investment latecomers in East Asia (Japan and Korea) and Southern Europe (Spain and Italy), the chapter reveals that social investment reform itself does not automatically lead to higher female employment rates, because the effectiveness of work–family reconciliation policy hugely depends on the institutional context. Ultimately, the chapter asserts that social investment strategies should be context-sensitive and tailored to different structural and institutional configurations if they are to be suitable and effective. It claims that, in order for social investment reform to be successful, complementary institutional reform is required.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Labour Market Integration of New Immigrants in the UK

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Frattini
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Labour Market Integration ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New Immigrants ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Uk

This article analyses the labour market integration of newly arrived immigrants in the UK labour market, based on data from the UK Labour Force Survey. We focus on immigrants who arrived in the United Kingdom since 2000 and distinguish different cohorts based on the year of their arrival in the country. We examine the extent to which these new arrivals were able to enter work and move up into skilled jobs, and analyse the sectors of the economy that have proved most amenable to this progression. The analysis indicates that these new arrivals fared relatively well in the workforce. In part as a result of their relative youth and high education levels, many new arrivals (especially those from the European Union and in particular the EU10 countries) moved straight into work.

The Visibility of an Invisible Community’s Labour Exploitation in an Ethnic Economy: A Comparative Study on Kurdish Movers in the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-470
Author(s):  
Mehmet Rauf Kesici
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Ethnic Economy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Turkish Cypriot

Kurdish movers from Turkey are usually considered as Turkish by researchers. Therefore, very little is known about the experiences of Kurdish movers in the labour market in the United Kingdom. Drawing on field research I conducted in 2014 and 2015 about the ethnic economy and labour market conditions of Kurdish, Turkish, and Turkish-Cypriot movers in London, this study contributes to the literature on migration through analyses of the labour exploitation of Kurds who moved to the UK from Turkey. It demonstrates that the reasons underlying the difference between Kurds and Turks and Turkish-Cypriots in terms of status and working conditions are complex. First of all, Kurdish movers in the UK are relative newcomers, have a limited grasp of English and share a strong sense of solidarity, and also a significant percentage of those Kurds left Turkey in order to escape discrimination and political violence, which makes the possibility of return “impossible”.

The UK Labour Market and Immigration

2010 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. R35-R42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

Rising immigration has undoubtedly been one of the most significant demographic developments experienced by the United Kingdom over the past fifteen years. This article reviews the evidence on the effects of immigration on the UK labour market. On average, it seems that immigration has not had much of an effect on either employment or pay. However, there may be some evidence of downward pressures on pay and jobs impact in the low skill sector, though these effects are not large.

Nostalgiczne powroty Polaków i Litwinów w kontekście brexitu i pandemii

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-198
Author(s):  
Olga Czeranowska ◽  
Iga Wermińska-Wiśnicka
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Initial Results

This research note presents the initial results of the quantitative survey, based on the sample of Lithuanian and Polish return migrants coming back from the United Kingdom. The survey was active for three months between May and August 2020 and was part of the project: CEEYouth: The comparative study young of Poles and Lithuanians in the context of Brexit. CAWI questionnaire was used, and recruitment took place mainly on Facebook through return migrants’ groups and personalized ads shown to users who had lived in the UK. The sample consisted of 740 respondents, including 215 respondents in the Lithuanian subsample and 525 in the Polish subsample. The questionnaire covered questions related to migrants’ lives in the UK, the process of return to the country of origin, and reintegration at various dimensions: labour market, family, living conditions, public services.

scholarly journals Unemployment, Permanent Sickness, and Nonwork in the United Kingdom

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ross MacKay ◽  
Luke Davies
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Market Clearing ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Sources

Employment, unemployment, and inactivity need to be studied in real historical time, not in the context of theoretical, timeless, market-clearing equilibrium. Four data sets from the UK Census, the Labour Force Survey, the Department of Employment, and Social Security Statistics are used to show changes in employment, unemployment, inactivity, and permanent sickness between 1971 and 2001. The different sources confirm that unemployment becomes increasingly unreliable as a measure of labour market slack. In low-opportunity labour markets many potential workers are not part of the labour force; they are not looking for work or are classified as unemployed. Low levels of opportunity add to measured sickness. The general rule is the greater the degree of labour market slack, the less appropriate unemployment is as a measure of labour reserve.

In and Out of Self-Employment, Are You Really an Entrepreneur: The Rise of a New Division?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiba Maher Hussein ◽  
Moustafa Salman Haj Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Power ◽  
The Self ◽  
British Household Panel Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This paper examines self-employed individuals in the UK Labour market. We use an amalgamated dataset, the British Household Panel Survey, from the years 1991 to 2008, and its successor the United Kingdom Longitudinal Study, from years 2010 to 2014, following 11,657 respondents in the UK for 23 years. We explore the characteristics of different self-employed groups and create a new division that differentiates those who sustain in self-employment from those who move between self-employment and employee jobs. The sample size consists of 1146 sustained self-employed, 1149 dabbled self-employed and 9362 paid workers. We found that dabblers exhibit unique set of attributes that place them in a distinct position compared to sustained self-employed and/or employees. Dabblers seem to be ‘pulled’ rather than ‘pushed’ into self-employment, reflecting a labour market ‘power’ instead of deficiency. Thus, bringing key insight into a group who have not been separately identified in the labour market to date, the self-employed dabblers.

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