scholarly journals Divergent Trends of Lifespan Variation During Mortality Crises

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Vigezzi ◽  
José Manuel Aburto ◽  
Iñaki Permanyer ◽  
Virginia Zarulli
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Decomposition Techniques ◽  
Relative Variation ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Lifespan Variation ◽  
Health And Mortality ◽  
Female Lifespan ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Strong Inverse Relationship

Lifespan variation has been attracting increasingly greater attention as a measure of population health and mortality. Several studies have analysed periods of steady mortality decline, highlighting a strong inverse relationship between lifespan variation and life expectancy. Recent research has found that this association weakens, and even reverses, when mortality does not improve equally over age. However, to date no study has comprehensively explored the behaviour of lifespan variation when mortality increases significantly. Analysing three epidemics and two famines in Europe from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, we find that, during these events, relative lifespan variation increases, while absolute variation declines, and that subsequently both quickly revert to pre-crisis levels. Using decomposition techniques, we show that mortality at older ages leads to a temporary increase in absolute – but not relative – variation. Moreover, female lifespan variation is less affected by the crises than that of males, because of the higher impact of infant and child mortality on male lifespan variation. By underlining different trends of lifespan variation by sex and indicator, we offer new insight into the consequences of mortality crises. Contrary to what is often asserted, we also show that the choice of lifespan variation indicator is not always inconsequential.

Moss distribution in streams of the Quebec Laurentian Mountains

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Cattaneo ◽  
Lucie Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Competitive Interaction ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Moss Cover ◽  
Aquatic Mosses ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Strong Inverse Relationship ◽  
Substratum Size

To model the distribution of aquatic mosses, we measured their cover in 33 Quebec streams. The variation in moss cover among streams was explained mostly (42%) by substratum size (percentage >25 cm in diameter). Water pH and depth also explained a significant amount of variation (9 and 10%, respectively). Within a stream, moss cover was again positively correlated to the availability of large substrata and negatively to water depth. There was a strong inverse relationship between covers of moss and of the filamentous cyanobacterium Stigonema, suggesting a competitive interaction. This study confirms previous observations that moss distribution is mainly controlled by substratum size. Chemistry explains part of the among-stream variation. Stigonema-moss competition partly accounts for the patchy distribution within a stream.Key words: aquatic mosses, Fontinalis, streams, Quebec.

Redistributing Control between the Elements of a Compound Stimulus

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Miles ◽  
N. J. Mackintosh ◽  
R. F. Westbrook
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Compound Stimulus ◽  
Strong Inverse Relationship

Twenty-eight pigeons were given discrimination training. Four groups were run in which for 0, 2, 4 and 9 sessions of training colour was an irrelevant cue and tone was relevant. Generalization tests were given in extinction; the training colour (C1) and another colour (C2) were presented with tone (T) and noise (N). Responding to these four stimulus combinations, TC1, TC2, NC1 and NC2, allowed the assessment of control by colour and tone. A reduction of control by colour and an increase in control by tone were found to be positively related to the amount of training with colour irrelevant. Tests showed a strong inverse relationship between control by colour and tone.

scholarly journals Inverse Relationship between PSA and IL-8 in Prostate Cancer: An Insight into a NF-κB-Mediated Mechanism

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e32905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Xu ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Daret K. St. Clair ◽  
William H. St. Clair
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals A Matter of Life and Death – Trade and Burial around St Giles’ Cathedral: Archaeological Investigations at Parliament House, Edinburgh

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 1-70
Author(s):  
Mike Roy ◽  
R Cerón-Carrasco, ◽  
A Craster ◽  
M Cross ◽  
N Crowley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
High Street ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
The City ◽  
Health And Mortality ◽  
Insight Into

Archaeological evaluation of the Southern Courtyard of the Parliament House complex, to the south of St Giles’ Cathedral in Edinburgh’s Old Town, has provided a valuable insight into the lives, health and mortality of the inhabitants of the late medieval city. The evaluation revealed a backland area in the centre of medieval Edinburgh, with deposits rich in artefactual and ecofactual material derived from the everyday lives of the populace, underlying early burghal surfaces. The presence of artefacts including a small leather assemblage and a seal matrix may indicate production and trading activities between the High Street and the Cowgate in the late medieval period. Above these surfaces, and underlying fragmentary evidence of the post-medieval Meal Market, numerous late medieval inhumations were recorded; these belonged to the southward expansion of St Giles’ graveyard. This report details the analysis of the skeletal remains, illuminating the health and demography of the population of the city from around the mid-15th to the early-to-mid-16th century.  

The effects of diets deficient in phosphorus, phosphorus and vitamin D, or calcium, on the skeleton and teeth of the growing sheep IV. The uptake of radioactive phosphorus by the bones and teeth

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. McRoberts ◽  
R. Hill ◽  
A. C. Dalgarno
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Strong Inverse Relationship

1. Radioactive phosphorus was injected into young sheep that had been fed diets low in either phosphorus, phosphorus and vitamin D or calcium. Forty-eight hours after the injection the animals were killed and samples of bone and teeth were removed for specific activity determinations.2. The specific activities of bone varied according to the site from which it was taken, but in general a strong inverse relationship was found between specific activity and the quality of the skeleton.3. In teeth that were formed during the period the diets deficient in phosphorus or phosphorus and vitamin D were fed, the specific activities of the dentine and enamel were greater than for corresponding tissues from the control animals.

Trust, reciprocity, and a preference for economic freedom: experimental evidence

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRYAN C. MCCANNON
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Trust Games ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Strong Inverse Relationship

Abstract:Do those who prefer economic freedom behave differently than those who prefer government intervention? Experiments of the Dictator and Trust games are studied. A survey elicits preference for private solutions to potential market failures. Trust and reciprocation are highest for those who score both high and low on the assessment. In the Dictator Game, there is a strong inverse relationship between one's preference for economic freedom and giving. Thus, the results can be interpreted as those with a strong preference for government intervention altruistically give, while those with a preference for economic freedom give primarily in response to wealth-generating investments.

scholarly journals Correlating Integrative Complexity With System Modularity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Sinha ◽  
Eun Suk Suh ◽  
Olivier de Weck
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
System Development ◽  
Integrative Complexity ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Complexity Management ◽  
Management Procedure ◽  
Intrinsic Complexity ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Strong Inverse Relationship

Modularity is the degree to which a system is made up of relatively independent but interacting elements. Modularization is not necessarily a means of reducing intrinsic complexity of the system, but it is a means of effectively redistributing the total complexity across the system. High degree of modularization enable reductionist strategies of system development and is an effective mechanism for complexity redistribution that can be better managed by system developers by enabling design encapsulation. In this paper, we introduce a complexity attribution framework to enable consistent complexity accounting and management procedure and show that integrative complexity has a strong inverse relationship with system modularity and its implication on complexity management for engineered system design and development.

Motility and Fantasy in Hospitalized Patients

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowell Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Behavior Ratings ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Open Ward ◽  
Strong Inverse Relationship

Correlations were drawn between behavior (activity) ratings of border-line psychotic inpatients made on an open ward and Rorschach dimensions. Results showed a strong inverse relationship between the behavior ratings and number of M responses and positive correlations between the behavior ratings and both P and F + %.

Influence of a Wellness Course on Meaning-in-Life and Anxiety of Counselors-in-Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Trace Pirtle ◽  
Xuesong Wang ◽  
Randel Brown ◽  
Hanna L. Lainas
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Counselor Trainees ◽  
Counselors In Training ◽  
Wellness Course ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Strong Inverse Relationship

This study examined how a special wellness course affects perception of meaning-in-life and state-trait anxiety of Hispanic counselor trainees. A quantitative analysis showed an increase in participants’ perception of meaning-in-life and a concurrent decrease in anxiety. Participants’ self-reports revealed how their perception of meaning-in-life and anxiety levels changed over the course of time. Together, the results confirmed a strong inverse relationship between meaning-in-life and anxiety. The implications and applicability of the study were discussed.

scholarly journals A field comparison of strategies for the control of Chilean needle grass in Hawke's Bay

1999 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
M.W.A. Slay ◽  
G.O. Eyles ◽  
S.K. Bennie
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Stipa Neesiana ◽  
Strong Inverse Relationship

Management strategies to control Chilean needle grass comprised two re-grassing regimes using the competitive pasture species cocksfoot, combined with lax grazing using sheep or young cattle, no attempted management, and forestry. The presence of Chilean needle grass and cocksfoot densities were assessed by examining 50 mm turf cores taken annually from 1994, and from the forestry site since 1997. There was a strong inverse relationship between Chilean needle grass frequency of occurrence and the sown cocksfoot density. The establishment of cocksfoot and its promotion by lax grazing reduced the frequency of occurrence of Chilean needle grass from 60% in October 1994 to 9% in 1998. Although cocksfoot suppressed Chilean needle grass, eradication appears unlikely or at least a long-time process. In the young pine plantation, Chilean needle grass grew unchecked with 24 and 27% of the cores containing Chilean needle grass in 1997 and 1998 respectively. Under forestry the Chilean needle grass seed bank is likely to develop until canopy closure. Keywords: Chilean needle grass, cocksfoot, Dactylis glomerata, forestry, grazing, Pinus radiata, Stipa neesiana, weed control

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