scholarly journals Perception of effort and the allocation of physical resources: a generalization to upper-limb motor tasks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Payen de la Garanderie ◽  
Aymeric Courtay ◽  
Camille Féral-Basin ◽  
Pierre Rainville ◽  
Jérémie Gaveau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Block Test ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

PURPOSE: The perception of effort (PE) is widely used to prescribe and monitor exercise during locomotor and resistance tasks. The present study examines the validity of PE to prescribe and monitor exercise during upper-limb motor tasks under various loads and speed requirements.METHODS: Forty participants volunteered in two experiments. In experiment 1, we used four PE intensities to prescribe exercise on a modified version of the box and block test (BBT) and a pointing task. We investigated the possibility of monitoring the exercise intensity by tracking changes in PE rating in response to three different tempos or additional weights. Experiment 2 replicated the possibility of prescribing the exercise with the PE intensity during the BBT and explored the impact of additional weights on performance and PE during the standardized version of the BBT. Muscle activation, heart rate and respiratory frequencies were recorded.RESULTS: In experiment 1, increasing the PE intensity to prescribe exercise induced an increased performance between each intensity. Increasing task difficulty with faster movement tempo and adding weight on the forearm increased the rating of PE. Experiment 2 replicated the possibility to use PE intensity for exercise prescription during the BBT. When completing the BBT with an additional weight on the forearm, participants maintained performance at the cost of a higher PE. In both experiments, changes in PE are associated with changes in muscle activation. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that PE is a valid tool to prescribe and monitor exercise during upper-limb motor tasks.

Cognitive-motor interference in persons with multiple sclerosis during five upper limb motor tasks with different complexity

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 1736-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joke Raats ◽  
Ilse Lamers ◽  
Ilse Baert ◽  
Barbara Willekens ◽  
Renee Veldkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Word List ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Bimanual Task ◽  
Finger Tapping Test ◽  
Block Test

Background: Cognitive-motor interference in multiple sclerosis has been well examined during walking, but not during upper limb (UL) performance. Objectives: To examine the dual-task cost (DTC) in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and healthy controls (HC) in various type and complexity of UL motor tasks. Method: In total, 30 pwMS without major UL impairment and 30 HC performed five different UL tasks, in single condition and combined with the phonemic word list generation task. The percent change in performances was evaluated by the motor, cognitive, and combined DTC. The motor tasks consisted of four unimanual (sustained hand grip strength, box-and-block test, Purdue pegboard test, finger tapping task) and one bimanual task (Purdue pegboard test). Group and task differences were analyzed with unpaired and paired t-tests, respectively, and overall effect with a multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The motor DTC ranged between 10% (Purdue pegboard bimanual) and 35% (box-and-block test). The cognitive DTC ranged between −8% (finger tapping test) and +21% (bimanual Purdue pegboard). The magnitude of the combined DTC did not differ significantly between pwMS and HC in any task. Conclusion: DTC is influenced by the complexity of the UL task, but was not significantly different between HC and cognitive intact, but mildly motor disabled pwMS.

Hipoterapia w usprawnianiu dziecka z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartek Czokało ◽  
Joanna Chojnowska ◽  
Wioletta Pogroszewska
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Horse Riding ◽  
Time Stage ◽  
Block Test ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Hippotherapy is diversified therapeutic treatment using a horse. Horse riding is a final and at the same time one of the most stretched in time stage of improving athleticism. It is a replenishment of the rehabilitation process and it gives an opportunity to acquire new skills. Aim. 1. Evaluating the impact of hippotherapy on prehensile functions of an upper limb. 2. Evaluating the impact of hippotherapy on lower limb range of motion. 3. Evaluating the impact of hippotherapy on a mental state of a child with CP. Material and methods. The author of the thesis conducted a study of a 6-year-old child with CP based on: a questionnaire, Lovett’s test, Box and Block Test and the measurement of the limbs circuits. Results. The exercises conducted improved the balance and attentiveness. Marginally the quality of the exercises was improved, as well. Conclusions. Hippotherapy gives an opportunity to overcome the discouragement and the lack of self-confidence in personal movement capabilities. It has an impact on a cognitive and emotional sphere of a child.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Serdar KUZU
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.

The Cost of Private Equity Investing and the Impact of Dry Powder

CFA Digest ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biharilal Deora
Keyword(s):  
Private Equity ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Return on Invesment (ROI) of Software Product: A Systematic Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Rizqa Raaiqa Bintana ◽  
Putri Aisyiyah Rakhma Devi ◽  
Umi Laili Yuhana
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Software Product ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Rational Consideration ◽  
Actual Return ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Investment Models ◽  
The Impact

The quality of the software can be measured by its return on investment. Factors which may affect the return on investment (ROI) is the tangible factors (such as the cost) dan intangible factors (such as the impact of software to the users or stakeholder). The factor of the software itself are assessed through reviewing, testing, process audit, and performance of software. This paper discusses the consideration of return on investment (ROI) assessment criteria derived from the software and its users. These criteria indicate that the approach may support a rational consideration of all relevant criteria when evaluating software, and shows examples of actual return on investment models. Conducted an analysis of the assessment criteria that affect the return on investment if these criteria have a disproportionate effort that resulted in a return on investment of a software decreased. Index Terms - Assessment criteria, Quality assurance, Return on Investment, Software product

Modelling the cost of ill health in Health&WealthMOD (Version II): lost labour force participation, income and taxation, and the impact of disease prevention

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Schofield ◽  
Rupendra Shrestha ◽  
Emily Callander ◽  
Richard Pervical ◽  
Simon Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

ECONOMIC SUBSTANTIATION OF TRANSITION TO PERSONNEL OUTSOURCING IN THE ORGANIZATIONS OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
V.V. Verna
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Construction Organization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The article provides a rationale for methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of outsourcing in organizations of the construction industry using the example of outsourcing schemes to perform personnel functions. The conditional example shows the impact of the use of outsourcing on reducing the costs of a construction organization. The main prerequisites for the use of outsourcing in the activities of enterprises in the construction industry are identified, methodological approaches to assessing the cost-effectiveness of personnel outsourcing in the construction industry enterprises are substantiated.

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