scholarly journals Impact of climate variables to major food crops’ yield in midhills of western development region, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
M Aryal ◽  
PP Regmi ◽  
RB Thapa ◽  
KR Pande ◽  
KP Pant
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Major Food

Climate change is threatening the agriculture sector especially on present and future food security in low income countries. Primary and secondary data collected through household survey and collected from different secondary source were used to assess the effects of climate variables on crop yield and the uniformity of effects across crops and growing seasons in Kaski district considering six major food crops as paddy, maize, wheat, millet, Barley and potato. A multivariate regression analysis, based on the first difference time series of crop yield and climate variables, is employed to estimate the empirical relationships between crop yield and climate variables. The results are discussed at district level empirically. It showed that climate variables significantly influence the crop yield, but not uniformly on all crops and in all growing seasons.

scholarly journals Perception analysis of climate change and adaptations by smallholder farmers in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
NP Ghimire ◽  
M Aryal ◽  
PP Regmi ◽  
RB Thapa ◽  
KR Pande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Negative Impacts

Climate change is posturing warning on present and future food security in low income countries. But, the actual effect of the climate change is still unknown. This study examined the farmer’s perception on climate change and strategies employed to adapt using primary and secondary data collected through household survey and reported by government. Statistical analysis is used for exploring the adaptations by farmers for the negative impact of climate change on domestic production of major cereals crops. The results are discussed at district level empirically and major variables are found statistically significant. This study conclude that there is a need for adaptations strategy by government authority in environmental management and agricultural sustainability in Nepal to come to terms with negative impacts of climate change and likely positive and beneficial response strategies to global warming. The paper suggests some policy measures for improving adaptations and food security situation in the country and open up some areas for further research.

Climate Change And Food Security In Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Pant
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government

Climate change is posing a threat on present and future food security in low income countries. But, the actual effect of the climate change on food security is not known. Using secondary data reported by the government, the paper examines the effects of climate change on food security in Nepal in the context of policies of commercialization of farm production. Statistical analysis is used to delineate the situation of food security in the country and regression analysis for exploring the effects of global warming on domestic production of major cereals. The results are discussed at global, national, household and individual levels empirically and qualitatively. The results suggest that a rise in minimum temperature decreases the productivity of rice increasing threat of food insecurity. The paper suggests some policy measures for improving food security situation in the country and open up some areas for further research. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:13, Jun.2012, Page 9-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v13i0.7582

scholarly journals Yield Variability and Agricultural Trade

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Reimer ◽  
Man Li
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Trade Costs ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Cereal Grain

We examine how changes in yield variability affect the welfare of cereal grain and oilseed buyers and producers around the world. We simulate trade patterns and welfare for 21 countries with a Ricardian trade model that incorporates bilateral trade costs and crop yield distributions. The model shows that world trade volumes would need to increase substantially if crop yield variability were to rise. Net welfare effects, however, are moderate so long as countries do not resort to policies that inhibit trade, such as export restrictions or measures to promote self-sufficiency in crops. Low-income countries suffer the most from increases in yield variability, due to higher bilateral trade costs and lower-than-average productivity.

Applying the ecological footprint to ecotourism scenarios

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
COLIN HUNTER ◽  
JON SHAW
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Potential Minimum ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
The Impact

Academic interest in ecotourism has grown rapidly in recent years, fuelled by the increasing popularity of ecotourism holidays. This paper adopts ecological footprint (EF) analysis as a means of estimating the potential net EF of hypothetical international ecotourism scenarios involving air travel. A procedure for the rapid calculation of indicative, potential minimum net EF estimates using secondary data sources was applied to a variety of source/host country scenarios with the aim of establishing a reasonable and conservative range of EF values associated with ecotourism. The influence of changing assumptions about the broad nature of resource demand at the destination and of three length of stay periods was considered. In total, 252 estimates were made of the potential net per tourist EF, assuming conservative resource use at the destination. For a 14-day holiday, potential net EF estimates ranged between 0.02 and 4.26 global hectares. Only one, a 21-day scenario, produced a net negative EF value, suggesting the potential for an overall reduction in absolute demand on global renewable resources. Some 80% of 14-day holiday scenarios produced potential per tourist EF estimates greater than the annual average per caput EF in low income countries. The size of the transit component was very important to overall net EF estimates, supporting largely anecdotal concerns about the environmental impact of long-haul flights to ecotourism destinations. The implications of these findings for judging the impact of ecotourism were found to vary according to different absolute and relative benchmarks, although the global EF of ecotourism is likely to be considerably less than that of mass tourism.

scholarly journals Zinc Biofortification in Food Crops Could Alleviate the Zinc Malnutrition in Human Health

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3509
Author(s):  
Subhashisa Praharaj ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Sagar Maitra ◽  
Preetha Bhadra ◽  
Tanmoy Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Diet Supplements ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition

Micronutrient malnutrition is a global health issue and needs immediate attention. Over two billion people across the globe suffer from micronutrient malnutrition. The widespread zinc (Zn) deficiency in soils, poor zinc intake by humans in their diet, low bioavailability, and health consequences has led the research community to think of an economic as well as sustainable strategy for the alleviation of zinc deficiency. Strategies like fortification and diet supplements, though effective, are not economical and most people in low-income countries cannot afford them, and they are the most vulnerable to Zn deficiency. In this regard, the biofortification of staple food crops with Zn has been considered a useful strategy. An agronomic biofortification approach that uses crop fertilization with Zn-based fertilizers at the appropriate time to ensure grain Zn enrichment has been found to be cost-effective, easy to practice, and efficient. Genetic biofortification, though time-consuming, is also highly effective. Moreover, a Zn-rich genotype once developed can also be used for many years without any recurring cost. Hence, both agronomic and genetic biofortification can be a very useful tool in alleviating Zn deficiency.

scholarly journals Forecasting Major Food Crops Production in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Syed Asghar Ali Shah ◽  
Nagina Zeb ◽  
Alamgir Alamgir
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Random Model ◽  
Forecast Evaluation ◽  
Time Series Models ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Arima Modeling

The present study was undertaken to investigate forecasting of major food crops production in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study was based on secondary data covers a period of about 30 years i.e. starting from 1984-85 to 2013-14, whereas, ARIMA modeling has been employed to fit the best time series model for major food crops production i.e. wheat, maize, sugarcane and rice. It reveals through the results that for major food crops production, the time series models which were found to be most suitable are as ARIMA (0, 2, 1), ARIMA (1, 2, 3), ARIMA (0, 2, 1) and random model ARIMA (0, 1, 0) respectively based on forecast evaluation criteria. It was concluded from the results of analyzed data that time series models were found adequate for forecasting major food crops production in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.    

scholarly journals Methods of crop yield measurement on multi-cropped plots: Examples from Tanzania

Food Security ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayala Wineman ◽  
C. Leigh Anderson ◽  
Travis W. Reynolds ◽  
Pierre Biscaye
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Area Measure ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Staple Crop

Abstract Precise agricultural statistics are necessary to track productivity and design sound agricultural policies. Yet, in settings where multi-cropping is prevalent, even crop yield—perhaps the most common productivity metric—can be challenging to measure. In a survey of the literature on crop yield in low-income settings, we find that scholars specify how they estimate the area denominator used to measure yield in under 10% of cases. Using household survey data from Tanzania, we consider four alternative methods of allocating land area on multi-cropped plots, ranging from treatment of the entire plot as the yield denominator to increasingly precise approaches that account for the space taken up by other crops. We then explore the implications of this measurement decision for analyses of yield, focusing on one staple crop that is often grown on its own (rice) and one that is frequently found on mixed plots and in intercropped arrangements (maize). A majority (64%) of cultivated plots contain more than one crop, and average yield estimates vary with different methods of calculating area planted—particularly for maize. Importantly, the choice among area methods influences which of these two crops is found to be more calorie-productive per hectare. This choice also influences the statistically significant correlates of crop yield, such that the benefits of intercropping and including legumes on a maize plot are only evident when using an area measure that accounts for mixed cropping arrangements. We conclude that the literature would benefit from greater clarity regarding how yield is measured across studies.

Community-Based versus Statistical Targeting of Anti-Poverty Programs: Evidence from Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-305
Author(s):  
Michael Hillebrecht ◽  
Stefan Klonner ◽  
Noraogo A Pacere ◽  
Aurélia Souares
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Poor Households

Abstract Targeting of governmental welfare programmes in low-income countries commonly relies on statistical procedures involving household-level data, while smaller-scale programmes often employ community-based targeting, where village communities themselves identify beneficiaries. Combining original data from community-based targeting exercises in Burkina Faso with a household survey we compare the targeting accuracy of community-based targeting with four common statistical targeting methods when the objective is to target consumption-poor households. We find that community-based targeting is substantially less accurate than statistical targeting in villages, while it is as accurate as the much more costly statistical methods in semi-urban areas. We show that this difference is due to differences in poverty concepts held by rural and urban communities. Its large cost advantage makes community-based targeting far more cost-effective than statistical targeting for common amounts of welfare programme benefits.

scholarly journals NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND PAKISTAN’S SEHAT SAHULAT PROGRAM: A SNAPSHOT ANALYSIS OF READMISSIONS IN ISLAMABAD CAPITAL TERRITORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1534-38
Author(s):  
Syed Fawad Mashhadi ◽  
Saira Maroof ◽  
Aliya Hisam ◽  
Sumaira Masood ◽  
Sonia Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To examine the impact of 30-day hospital readmission for non-communicable diseases on limited health-care resources of a low-income country like Pakistan in the light of available data from Pakistan’s Sehat Sahulat Program. Study Design: Retrospective analytical cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Health Services Academy, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Jul 2020. Methodology: Secondary data of patients readmitted with non-communicable diseases in Sehat Sahulat Program, Islamabad, Pakistan. Universal sampling technique was utilized. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: Islamabad (ICT) stands second highest for readmissions (n=1270) in which the 30-days readmission rate was 13.69%. Maximum number of readmissions were found in 50-59 years (344, 27.12%). Of 1270 ICT readmissions, 559 (44%) cases were readmitted with non-communicable diseases while rest of 711 (56%) cases were readmitted for acute infectious diseases or surgical procedures. Of 559 non-communicable diseases cases, 236 (42.21%) readmissions were having one non-communicable disease, 63 (11.27%) readmissions exhibited two or more non-communicable diseases and 260 (46.51%) were readmitted because of cancers (CA). Among males, the most common malignancy was CA lungs/ bronchus 24 (19.8%) while among females, CA Breast 80 (56.3%). Conclusion: Non-communicable diseases represent a significant burden on resource constrained, low-income countries. In view of the recurrent admissions that these chronic diseases inevitably incur, better resource allocation may help lessen this burden on fragile health systems creating better clinical outcomes for the penurious strata of Pakistan’s population.

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