scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an analysis of histological subtypes and their association with EBV, a study of 100 cases of Pakistani population

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena Umar ◽  
Rashida Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most common nasopharyngeal malignancy. In recent decades, it has attracted world-wide attention because of complex interactions of genetic, viral, environmental and dietary risk factors, with an etiological association with the malignancy. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare cancer throughout the world, with the exception of Southeast Asia, Southern China and North Africa. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was discovered 38 years ago by electron microscopy of cells cultured from Burkitt’s lymphoma tissue by Epstein, Achong, and Barr. EBV infection is a common infection in Pakistan due to poor socioeconomic conditions but its association with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is yet to be firmly established in Pakistani population and there is scarce local data available. Methods: A total of 100 consecutive cases of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, over a period of three years (2009-2011) were retrieved and reviewed from the pathology files at the Section of Histopathology, Aga khan University Hospital. Morphological sub classification of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma was done according to WHO. For the detection of EBV, LMP1 immunostain was used. Results: Among total of 100 cases, the male to female ratio was 3:1, with an age range of 13-78 yrs and an average age of 42 yrs. Similar to other regions of world, Non-keratinizing Carcinoma (92%) is the commonest sub-type with a distinct bimodal age distribution, followed by Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma (8%) but there were no cases of Basaloid Squamous Cell Cacinoma. EBV-LMP 1 staining was demonstrated in 75/92 cases (81%), while all cases of Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma were negative for EBV-LMP 1 staining. Conclusion: Prognostic impact of LMP-1 on Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is still unclear and also there are controversial studies regarding the prognostic effect of EBV on chemotherapy and radiotherapy, it is paramount that EBV positive and EBV negative patients be investigated for response to therapy to establish the importance of EBV association in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. The association with EBV is also very important because with ongoing research in the etiological basis of the tumors (associated with EBV) patients may also benefit from emerging immunotherapy used in these tumors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9592 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 16-20

scholarly journals Descriptive epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Tadesse Beyene ◽  
Siraw Girum Ketema ◽  
Assaye Nibret Alebachew ◽  
Mizan Yeshanew Saleh ◽  
Tsigereda Atumo Gebremariam
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Background Nasopharyngeal cancer is distinguished from other cancers of the head and neck in its epidemiology, histopathology, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic outcome. Its unique clinico-epidemiologic pattern of the disease is an area focus for this investigation. Accordingly, the study investigated the demographic and histologic characteristics, as well as the clinical stage at presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital. Methods Hospital based retrospective descriptive study was conducted from September 2017 – October 2020. All biopsy proven incidental cases during the study period are included. SPSS version 26 is used for data entry and analysis. Result A total of 318 patients with histologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases during the study period were included. There were 218 males and 90 females, with a male: female ratio of 2.5:1. The age of patients ranges from 13 to 81 years with a mean age of 37.8 ± 15 years. The median age at diagnosis was 38 years. Age distribution has two peaks for males, first between 30 to 39 and second 50 to 59 years of age. While the peak age of occurrence for females is in the 20–39 age range. Juvenile cases constituted 34% of the study group. The study revealed, nonkeratinizing carcinoma as the most prevalent histology at 94.3% (undifferentiated type 85.9% and differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma 8.4%) and 5.7% of the cases showed keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Majority of the patients, 86%, presented late with stage III and IV disease. Conclusion Nasopharyngeal cancer is commonly found among the young and productive age group, under the age 30. Nonkeratinizing carcinoma is the predominant histopathologic variant resembling that seen in endemic areas of the world. Thus, genetic and early life environmental exposures should be well studied to identify possible risk factors in the region. Late-stage presentation at diagnosis impacts the treatment outcome of patients, thereby indicating the need for a raised index of suspicion among health professionals for early diagnosis and better prognosis of patients.

scholarly journals Correlation of P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression to Clinical Stage in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1982-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhat Farhat ◽  
Elvita Rahmi Daulay ◽  
Jessy Chrestella ◽  
Rizalina Arwinati Asnir ◽  
Ashri Yudhistira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Kinase Expression

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is uncommon and usually diagnosed at the advanced stage. A subfamily of mitogen-activated protein kinase which is called p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) involved in response to stress, and plays an important role in cell regulation. There is a suggestion that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase could be a potential biomarker to determine the clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AIM: The aim of this study is for observing and analysing the correlation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression in regards to nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient’s clinical stage. METHODS: This study involved 126 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients admitted to Haji Adam Malik General Hospital. RESULTS: The result of this study indicates that nasopharyngeal carcinoma mostly found in the age group 41-60 years, male, non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, and stage IV group. In immunohistochemistry evaluation, most of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase overexpressed in non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, T3-T4, N2-N3 and clinical stage III-IV. Spearman’s test for categorical correlation yield p-value of < 0.001. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, there is a significant correlation between p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression and the clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Immunohistochemical Expression of TGF-β3 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Ali Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Positive Expression

Squamous cell carcinoma characterized by poor prognosis due to aggressive tumor growth and dissemination high rate of tumor cell . age ranged of patient case included in the study 40-62 years and mean age 55±99. The sex distribution male/female ratio 1:1. Male case 15 and female 15 of the present study The results of clinical forums showed in the current study was endophytic 10(33.3%) in the same time Exophytic were presented in 20 cases (76.7%). Regarding distribution of the tumors site, the preponderance of them 19 cases 73.3% were located alveolar mucosa, followed by in the tongue 11 cases(36.7%) Tumor stage was analyzed and recorded in Oral squamous cell carcinoma included cases, the preponderance of them were Stage II 11 cases 36.7% followed by stage III 10 cases 33.3% , 9 cases 30.0% were stage I. While Concerning tumor grade, majority of them 15 cases 50% had grade II moderately differentiated SCC, while 11 cases 36.7% had grade III poorly differentiated SCC and 4 cases 13.3% had grade I well differentiated SCC Positive TGF-β3 immunostaining was detected as cell with staining brown color, all tissues sections included show Positive expression based on IHC teqnique. Positive Transforming Growth Factor TGF-β3 Immuno staining was found in all case results and display that 4 samples with percentage 13.3% expressed strong positive 87.67 ± 1.45 expression , 11cases 36.7% showed 51.33 ±0.88 positive expression moderate at the same time 15 samples 50.0% showed positive weak expression.

scholarly journals Prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis along the left gastric artery in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Leilei Wu ◽  
Dongkun Zhang ◽  
Peng Lin ◽  
Hao Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Left Gastric Artery ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Gastric Artery ◽  
Term Survival

Abstract Background Although the incidence of lymph node (LN) metastasis (LNM) along the left gastric artery is high, its relationship with the prognosis in postoperative patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is rarely reported. This study clarified the prognostic impact of LNM along the left gastric artery in postoperative patients with ESCC. Methods This study assessed data of 1521 patients with ESCC who underwent esophagectomy at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between March 1992 and March 2012. A chi-squared test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to explore the preliminary correlation between clinical factors and LNM along the left gastric artery. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess whether LNM along the left gastric artery was an independent predictor of overall survival. Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log-rank test were used to present a classifying effect based on LN status. Results LNM was observed in 598 patients (39.3%) and was found along the branches of the left gastric artery in 256 patients (16.8%). The patients were classified into two groups based on the presence of LNM along the left gastric artery. Patients without LNM along the left gastric artery had better cancer-specific survival than those with positive LNs (P <  0.001). Conclusions This study indicated that LNM along the left gastric artery was an important independent prognostic factor for long-term survival among ESCC patients (P = 0.011).

The epidemiological trend of esophageal cancer in Mumbai, India over the past two decades.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16095-e16095
Author(s):  
Anbarasan Sekar ◽  
Akhil Rajendra ◽  
Vanita Noronha ◽  
Smruti Mokal ◽  
Vijay Maruti Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Histologic Subtype ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

e16095 Background: There has been a definite histopathological shift in esophageal cancer in the West over the past few decades, with adenocarcinoma overtaking squamous cell carcinoma as the commonest type. Asian countries with a high human development index like China have also reported an increased incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Data on the epidemiology of esophageal cancer in India are limited. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the data of all patients with histologically proven esophageal cancer at Tata Memorial Hospital, from 2003 to 2018. We excluded non-squamous and non-adenocarcinoma histologies. Results: Of a total of 7,874 patients with esophageal cancer, 5,092 (64.7%) were men, for a male to female ratio of 2.5:1. The median age was 57 years (IQR, 50-65); 4,465 (56.7%) were below 60 years old. Of the 4912 patients in whom a history of tobacco or alcohol use had been elicited, there were 1,360 (27.7%) patients with no history of substance use. The site of the primary was the upper third in 906 (12.8%), middle third esophagus in 2,942 (41.5%), lower third in 2,331 (32.8%) and gastroesophageal junction in 917 (12.9%) patients. The predominant histology was squamous cell carcinoma in 6,413 (81.4%) patients and adenocarcinoma in 1461 (18.6%). There was no change in the histologic pattern over the period of the study; squamous cell carcinoma constituted 78.5% of the cases in 2003, and 85.5% in 2018; Chi square test for the year wise trend in histologic patterns was not significant, p=0.143. Evaluation of the histologic subtype according to sex revealed that in the male patients, there were 3890 (76.4%) squamous and 1202 (23.6%) adenocarcinoma cases, while in female patients, there were 2523 (90.7%) squamous and 259 (9.3%) adenocarcinoma cases. On a uni variate analysis, male sex (p<0.001), a history of tobacco or alcohol use (p<0.001), and the presence of comorbidity (p<0.007) were associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression model revealed that female sex and use of tobacco or alcohol were positively associated with squamous cell carcinoma, while the presence of comorbities and primary in lower esophagus/GEJ were positively associated with adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: Squamous cell carcinoma continues to be the commonest esophageal cancer histologic subtype in over 80% Indian patients. The mid esophagus is the most common site (42%). There is no evidence of an epidemiological shift or an increase in the occurrence of adenocarcinoma or of lower esophageal/GEJ malignancy over the past two decades.

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