scholarly journals Superbugs causing infections at a tertiary care hospital and the return of pre-antibiotic era!

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Kalyan Rajkumar ◽  
Shruti Radera ◽  
Jyotsna Agarwal ◽  
Mastan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Intensive Education

Aims and Objectives: Increase in the incidence of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying New Delhi metallo beta lactamase-1 (NDM-1) gene are called superbugs is of great concern as presence of blaNDM-1 gene makes E.coli and K.pneumoniae highly resistant to most of currently available antibiotics. This study was planned to observe the burden of blaNDM-1 gene carrying E. coli and K.pneumoniae at a tertiary care hospital in northern India. Materials and Methods: A total of 1709 E. coli and 327 K. pneumonia nonrepitive isolates were taken from various clinical samples received in a tertiary care hospital in northern India Lucknow during the period from May 2012 to April 2013. Carbapenemase production was phenotypically detected in all the carbapenem resistant isolates by modified Hodge test. Metallo-β-lactamase production was detected by using meropenem and imipenem discs with and without EDTA and blaNDM-1 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Over all metallo β- lactamase production was found in 82% and 88.89% of carbapenem resistant E.coli and K. pneumonia respectively. Out of 366 carbapenem resistant isolates, 102 were found positive for blaNDM-1 gene out of which 89 were E.coli and 13 were K. pneumoniae. Conclusions: With limited treatment options left for this crisis situation like the pre-antibiotic era; it is an alarm for rational antibiotic therapy usage and intensive education programs.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 76-79

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1-producing Escherichia coli among hospitalized patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Anjali Agarwal ◽  
Jyoti Srivastava ◽  
Ujjwal Maheshwari ◽  
Mohd Iftikhar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Carbapenemase-producing microorganisms are becoming a major concern among hospital-acquired infections. There is also increased multidrug resistance seen among these isolates. AIMS: We have conducted this study to determine the prevalence of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) gene-producing Escherichia coli among hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology with the tertiary care hospital settings. It was a prospective cross-sectional observational study conducted during January 2014–August 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 500 nonduplicate E. coli samples were processed. The isolates with reduced susceptibility to ertapenem, i.e., zone diameter between 19 and 21 mm, were considered carbapenemase producers. These isolates were subjected to modified Hodge test for phenotypic confirmation. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on all the screened isolates for molecular detection of NDM-1 gene. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Chi-square test was used to analyze the data and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of 500 E. coli isolates, 61 (12.2%) were screened for carbapenemase production. 47 (9.4%) isolates were positive by modified Hodge test and 36 (7.2%) isolates showed the presence of blaNDM-1 gene (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is an increased prevalence of NDM-1 gene-producing E. coli isolates. These carbapenemase-producing isolates are more resistant to other group of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones along with β-lactam group). Early detection of blaNDM-1 gene can help in choosing the effective treatment options for hospitalized patients in time, thereby reducing the risk of mortality.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirag Manojkumar Modi ◽  
Suman Praveen Singh ◽  
Yagnesh Gajanand Pandya ◽  
Chirag Premjibhai Patel ◽  
Rupal Minesh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Introduction: Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are major cause of community as well as healthcare associated infections and have limited treatment options. Measuring the magnitude of the problem of CRE, it is important for making strategies to lower its spread. Aim: To assess the incidence and prevalence rate of CRE in a tertiary care hospital of Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: Retrospective data was collected for a period from 2014 to 2018 using Laboratory Information System (LIS). Prevalence of CRE was determined as number of CRE isolated per 100 Enterobacteriaceae isolated during the study period whereas incidence rate was determined as number of CRE cases per 1000 patient-days. Consumption of Carbapenems was calculated as Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 1000 patient-days. Demographic data including age, gender, location in the hospital and sample type from which CRE was isolated was also analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results: The incidence of CRE cases per 1000 patient-days in 2014 to 2018 was 1.66, 2.11, 1.90, 2.26 and 1.91, respectively with an overall incidence of 1.99 per 1000 patient-days. The overall prevalence of CRE over a period of five years was found to be 29.07%. Klebsiellasp. was the most common CRE and had the highest percentage of Carbapenem resistance among all Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusion: The rate of CRE in present study was high and worrisome. Screening of the patient for CRE, source isolation and stringent implementation of infection control practices is required to confine the spread of CRE in this institute.

scholarly journals Emerging resistance to carbapenem among Gram-negative bacteria in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Pooja Nair ◽  
Renu Mathews ◽  
Kalyani M
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Technique

The emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance is a cardinal concern in the health care system. The spread of resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters to the currently available drugs make the treatment of serious nosocomial infections troublesome.  The purpose of the study is to find out the carbapenem resistance among Gram-negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of 1913 aerobic Gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical samples was made for a period of 6 months. All the isolates were tested for susceptibility to antibiotics by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique according to CLSI guidelines. Carbapenemase production was confirmed by the Modified Hodge Test (MHT). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by Epsilometer (E) test was performed (for Imipenem and Meropenem) for carbapenem-resistant strains. A total of 1731 clinical samples, 1913 Gram-negative bacilli were isolated. 1476 (77.1%) were Enterobacteriaceae and 433 (22.6%) were non-fermenters. 54 were carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli. Meropenem E test was done for carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli. The minimum inhibitory concentration for Meropenem ranged from 0.002μg/ml to 32μg/ml. To overcome the problem of emerging resistance, combined interaction and cooperation of microbiologists, clinicians and the infection control team is needed.

scholarly journals Outbreak Caused by Enterobacteriaceae Harboring NDM-1 Metallo-β-Lactamase Carried in an IncFII Plasmid in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mexico City

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 7080-7083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Torres-González ◽  
Miriam Bobadilla-del Valle ◽  
Estrella Tovar-Calderón ◽  
Francisco Leal-Vega ◽  
Araceli Hernández-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACTCarbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceaecarrying New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) have rarely been reported in Latin America. We report of an outbreak caused by ablaNDM-1-harboring plasmid spread through different bacterial species, includingEscherichia coli(ST617) andEnterobacter cloacae(ST182) isolates from the same patient and threeKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolates (ST22) derived from three epidemiologically related patients. IncFII plasmids were found in all strains. Measures to control the outbreak were applied successfully.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Strains from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2301
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Syed ◽  
Bushra Jamil ◽  
Hazem Ramadan ◽  
Maria Rukan ◽  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Superficial Skin ◽  
Spa Type

Staphylococcus aureus is an important healthcare-associated bacterium that causes a multitude of infections in humans such as superficial skin and soft tissue infections, necrotizing pneumonia, foodborne illnesses and postsurgical infections. Treatment of S. aureus infections has become more complicated due to the emergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), some of which are multidrug resistant. The present study aimed to characterize S. aureus isolates from a tertiary care hospital in the Rawalpindi district of Pakistan. Staphylococci were isolated from 300 clinical samples collected from January 2018 to January 2019 and S. aureus isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and analyzed using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and spa typing. Approximately 25.3% (76/300) of the clinical samples were positive for S. aureus; of those, 88.2% (67/76) were mecA+ (MRSA). In addition to the β-lactam antibiotics, high levels of resistance were also found to the fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin and levofloxacin (73.7% each)). Of the 23 different spa types identified, the majority of isolates belonged to spa type t632 and t657 (9/66; 13.6% each spa type). ST772-t657 (Bengal Bay clone) was the most commonly identified clone in this study although other clones circulating around different regions of the world were also found indicating the diversity in MRSA isolates from this area of Pakistan. This study emphasizes the need to monitor MRSA in the clinical setting for improved infection control and treatment options.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization Identifies Upstream Presence of ISAba1 to OXA Carbapenemase Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Maharashtra

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nageswari Gandham ◽  
Neetu Gupta ◽  
Chanda Vyawahare ◽  
Shahzad Beg Mirza ◽  
Rabindra Nath Misra
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity

Abstract Background Evaluating the expression pattern of oxacillinases (OXA) carbapenemases is essential to understand the prevalence and spread of carbapenem resistance Acinetobacter baumannii. Objectives The aim of the study is to evaluate the presence of OXA carbapenemase genes and ISAba1 upstream to these genes in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii clinical isolates. Material and Methods A. baumannii isolated from clinical samples were phenotypically identified and antibiotics sensitivity was performed. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect OXA51-like gene, OXA carbapenemases genes (OXA-23-like, OXA-24-like, and OXA-58-like), and ISAba1 in carbapenem-resistant isolates. Results Out of 55 Acinetobacter isolates, 54 were confirmed as A. baumannii by PCR. Bla OXA-23-like gene was observed in 51 isolates of A. baumannii and none of the isolates showed the presence of bla OXA-24-like and bla OXA-58-like genes. Presence of ISAba1 upstream to OXA-23-like gene, OXA-51-like gene, and both OXA-51-like/OXA-23-like genes was observed in 51, 7, and 4 A. baumannii isolates, respectively. Conclusion The genetic pattern of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolated in this study was unique, which should be factored for clinical protocols to manage infections caused by emerging resistant strains of A. baumannii.

Frequency and antibiogram of Acinetobacter species isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Tanu Arora ◽  
◽  
Shailpreet K Sidhu ◽  
Pushpa Devi ◽  
Sita Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acinetobacter Species

scholarly journals Use of monoclonal antibody therapy for nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients at high risk for severe COVID-19: experience from a tertiary-care hospital in Germany

Infection ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Koehler ◽  
Barbara Ritzer ◽  
Simon Weidlich ◽  
Friedemann Gebhardt ◽  
Chlodwig Kirchhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

AbstractAdditional treatment options for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are urgently needed, particularly for populations at high risk of severe disease. This cross-sectional, retrospective study characterized the outcomes of 43 patients with nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with and without treatment using monoclonal SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (bamlanivimab or casirivimab/imdevimab). Our results indicate that treatment with monoclonal antibodies results in a significant decrease in disease progression and mortality when used for asymptomatic patients with early SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document